1、Designation: C1731 15C1731 16Standard Specification forConcrete Floor Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1731; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese
2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this specification is to establish the product specifications and minimumperformance requirements of concrete floor tile.1. Scope*1.1 This s
3、pecification covers concrete floor tile (CFT) for application as interior and exterior flooring. The units described bythis specification are manufactured from cementitious materials, mineral aggregates (normal weight, lightweight, or both), water,and additives that are cast into various textures an
4、d shapes, often simulating natural stone, brick, terracotta, saltillo, and others.1.2 This specification is limited to requirements for the physical attributes for the CFT units.1.3 The use of results from testing installed CFT units that have been removed from use for determining conformance ornonc
5、onformance to the requirements of this specification is beyond the scope of this specification.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not consider
6、ed standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Re
7、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Mas
8、onry Units and Related UnitsC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC331/C331M Specif
9、ication for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry UnitsC482 Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement PasteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Ca
10、lcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct
11、 responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 onConcrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved July 1, 2015June 1, 2016. Published July 2015July 2016. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 20132015 as C1731 13.15. DOI: 10.1520/C173115.10.1520/C173116.2 The last a
12、pproved version For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For of thishistoricalAnnual Book of ASTM Standards standard is referenced on www.astm.org.volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the AST
13、Mwebsite.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult
14、prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
15、19428-2959. United States1C1028 Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by the HorizontalDynamometer Pull-Meter Method (Withdrawn 2014)2C1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for MasonryC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-
16、Reinforced ConcreteC1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1232 Terminology of MasonryC1353/C1353M Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Dimension Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a Rotary PlatformAbraserC1600/C1600M Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic CementC1602/C
17、1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1645/C1645M Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving UnitsNOTE 1An installation guide for concrete floor tile (CFT) is being developed concurrently in Subcom
18、mittee C15.05 Masonry Assemblies.2.2 ANSI Standards:A137.1-2012 American National Standard Specification for Ceramic Tile33. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall apply for this section.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 concrete floor tile (CFT), nmanuf
19、actured masonry unit that is a blend of cementitious material, aggregates, pigments,chemical admixtures, and water that is designed to be applied via masonry mortar to a horizontal substrate.3.2.2 back pattern, ngrooves or other textures included on the back of the CFT unit.4. Materials and Manufact
20、ure4.1 Cementitious Materials shall conform to the following applicable specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C150/C150M.4.1.2 Blended CementSpecification C595/C595M.4.1.3 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157/C1157M.4.1.4 Rapid Hardening Hydraulic CementsSpecification C1600/C1600M.4.1.5 P
21、ozzolans and Fly AshSpecification C618.4.1.6 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace SlagSpecification C989/C989M.4.2 Aggregates shall conform to the following applicable specifications, except that grading requirements shall not necessarilyapply:4.2.1 Normal WeightSpecification C33/C33M.4.2.2 LightweightSp
22、ecification C331/C331M.4.3 Chemical Admixtures shall conform to the following applicable specifications:4.3.1 Air-Entraining AdmixturesSpecification C260/C260M.4.3.2 Water-Reducing, Retarding, and Accelerating AdmixturesSpecification C494/C494M.4.3.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecifica
23、tion C979/C979M.4.4 Reinforcing FibersSpecification C1116/C1116M.4.5 WaterSpecification C1602/C1602M.4.6 Other ConstituentsIntegral water repellents and other materials shall be previously established as suitable for use inconcrete floor tile or shall be shown by test or experience not to be detrime
24、ntal to concrete floor tile or any material customarilyused in concrete floor tile construction.5. Physical Properties5.1 Dimensions:5.1.1 CFT units shall have a minimum thickness of 14 in. (6.4 mm) and a maximum thickness of 1.2 in. (30 mm).5.1.2 CFT units shall not exceed 36 in. (914 mm) in any fa
25、ce dimension.5.1.3 Dimensional Tolerances:5.1.3.1 Standard UnitsFor standard units, no overall dimension (width, height, and length) shall differ by more than 618 in.(3.2 mm) from the specified dimensions.5.1.3.2 Irregular UnitsFor irregular units that feature deliberate dimensional variations more
26、than 618 in. (3.2 mm), the CFTmanufacturer shall be consulted as to specific dimensional tolerances.3 Available from Available from Tile Council of North America, https:/.C1731 162NOTE 2Dimensional tolerances for irregular units may vary due to the wide variety of CFT shapes and styles including tum
27、bled, flagstone, and otherrustic appearances.5.2 Compressive Strength:5.2.1 The average compressive strength shall equal or exceed 4000 psi (27.6 MPa) with no individual specimen less than 3600psi (24.8 MPa).5.2.2 For wet-cast products sample concrete from regular production in accordance with Pract
28、ice C172/C172M and preparethree cylinders in accordance with Practice C31/C31M. Test compressive strength of the concrete mix in accordance with TestMethod C39/C39M.5.2.3 For dry-cast products sample a minimum of three specimens from regular production in accordance with Test MethodC140/C140M. Test
29、compressive strength in accordance with Annex A4.3A4 of Test Method C140/C140M.5.3 Shear Bond Strength:5.3.1 Units shall develop a shear bond strength with the mortar substrate of at least 50 psi (0.34 MPa) when tested in accordancewith Test Method C482 with the following modifications (listed in 5.
30、3.1.1 through 5.3.1.4):5.3.1.1 Five units shall be tested.5.3.1.2 The mortar substrate shall be that specified for testing of non-vitreous tile in Test Method C482.5.3.1.3 CFT units shall be cut to 4 by 4 in. (101.6 by 101.6 mm). If the CFT nominal unit length or width is smaller than 4 in.(101.6 mm
31、), the CFT unit mix shall be cast into a larger mold that allows the 4- by 4-in. (101.6- by 101.6-mm) sample unit to becut.5.3.1.4 Shear bond testing shall be conducted using the actual bonding surface of the CFT unit as manufactured. If the CFT unitused for testing has a directional back pattern, t
32、his back pattern shall be oriented parallel to the direction of loading.5.4 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing:5.4.1 If units are exposed to freezing and deicing materials during service, the manufacturer shall satisfy the purchaser eitherby proven field performance or a laboratory freezing-and-thaw
33、ing test that the units have adequate resistance to freezing andthawing.5.4.2 If a laboratory test is used sample and test five CFT units in accordance with Test Method C1645/C1645M. Specimenssampled from units that will not be exposed to deicing salts in service shall be tested in tap water. Specim
34、ens sampled from unitsthat will be exposed to deicing materials in service shall be tested in a 3 % saline solution. If the CFT is too large to test full-sizedue to specimen configuration or lack of suitable specimen containers, obtain a specimen by saw-cutting a full-height coupon witha surface are
35、a of at least 29.5 in.2 (190 cm2).5.4.3 The average mass loss of all the specimens tested shall not be greater than: (a) 225 g/m2 when subject to 28 freeze-thawcycles, or: (b) 500 g/m2 when subject to 49 freeze-thaw cycles.5.5 Water Absorption:5.5.1 Sample and test three CFT units in accordance with
36、 Test Method C140/C140M.5.5.2 Perform tests on full-size CFT units. If the CFT is too large for the testing apparatus, the unit shall be cut to 8 by 8 in.(203.2 by 203.2 mm) or as necessary to fit the testing apparatus.5.5.3 The average CFT water absorption shall not exceed 12 % with no individual s
37、pecimen exceeding 14 %.5.6 Flexural Load:5.6.1 Sample and test three CFT units in accordance with Annex A6.5A6 of Test Method C140/C140M.5.6.2 The average CFT flexural load shall be greater than or equal to 300 lbs (1334 N) with no individual specimen less than250 lbs (1112 N).5.7 Length Change:5.7.
38、1 The concrete mix shall be tested for length change in accordance with Test Method C157/C157M except as modifiedbelow:5.7.1.1 Sample concrete from regular production in accordance with Practice C172/C172M and mold three prism specimens fortesting following the requirements in Procedures for Molding
39、 Specimens, Concrete Speciments of Test Method C157/C157M.5.7.2 The length change of each specimen shall not exceed 60.10 % when tested at seven days after manufacture.5.8 Abrasion Resistance:5.8.1 Sample and test three full-size CFT units in accordance with Test Method C1353/C1353M.5.8.2 For each u
40、nit, CFT wear index shall be 20 or greater.5.9 StaticDynamic Coeffcient of Friction:5.9.1 Sample and test three CFT units in accordance with Test MethodSection 9.6 C1028.of ANSI A137.1.5.9.2 For each unit, staticdynamic coefficient of friction values for both wet and dry surfaces shall be 0.60.42 or
41、 greater.NOTE 3Sealing CFT units may affect coefficient of friction values.C1731 1636. Sampling6.1 Sampling Concrete MixesFrom each manufacturing location, obtain representative samples from standard production ofeach concrete mix used for CFT, as appropriate for the physical property in Section 5.6
42、.2 Sampling Concrete Floor TileFrom each manufacturing location, obtain samples of CFT units that are representative ofthe production from which they are selected.6.3 Test samples biannually or when materials, proportions, or production methods have changed, whichever is more frequent.6.3.1 Testing
43、laboratories shall be accredited in accordance with Practice C1093 or an equivalent standard if testing performedby laboratories not specializing in masonry materials.6.3.2 All samples shall be tested at least 28 days after manufacture unless otherwise indicated.6.4 Color and TextureIf concrete floo
44、r tile having a particular color, color range, or texture are desired, these features shallbe specified separately by the purchaser. The texture of the finished surfaces that will be exposed when in place shall conform toan approved sample consisting of not less than four concrete floor tiles, each
45、representing the texture desired. The color range shallbe indicated by the approved samples.7. Packaging and Package Marking7.1 Each package shall identify the manufacturers name, product name and identification, date and location of manufacture,and statement of product conformity to this specificat
46、ion.8. Certification8.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order a manufacturers report shall be furnished at the time of shipmentstating results of tests made on samples from regular production and certifying that the CFT units conform to applicablerequirements of this specification.N
47、OTE 4Guidance on preparing the manufacturers report is provided in Appendix X1.9. Keywords9.1 adhered; cementitious; CFT; concrete; concrete floor tile; flooring; manufactured; masonry; tileC1731 164APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. MANUFACTURERS REPORTX1.1 A complete report shall include the fo
48、llowing:X1.1.1 Dimensions of each CFT unit specified;X1.1.2 The weight per area of CFT units;X1.1.3 The maximum compressive load imposed on each sample along with the compressive strength in pounds per square inchas determined in 5.2;X1.1.4 The maximum load and shear bond strength as determined in 5
49、.3;X1.1.4.1 The location of failure of each specimen shall be noted, that is, in the CFT unit itself between the concrete tile unit andthe bond coat, between the bond coat and the mortar setting bed, and in the setting bed itself;X1.1.5 Weight loss as a percentage of the original weight of the dry CFT units as determined in 5.4;X1.1.5.1 The number of cycles at the time of CFT disintegration;X1.1.5.2 The type of breakage or disintegration in detail;X1.1.6 Water absorption as determined in 5.5;X1.1.7 Maximum flexural load as det
