1、2009年职称英语（理工类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Why cant you stop your (eternal) complaining? （ A） everlasting （ B） long （ C） temporary （ D） boring 2 Hundreds of buildings were (wrecked) by the earthquake. （ A） shaken （ B） damaged （ C） fa
2、llen （ D） jumped 3 These paintings are considered by many to be (authentic). （ A） faithful （ B） royal （ C） genuine （ D） sincere 4 Many economists have given in to the fatal (lure) of mathematics. （ A） attraction （ B） simplicity （ C） power （ D） rigor 5 Ten years after the event, her death still remai
3、ns a (puzzle). （ A） mist （ B） fog （ C） mystery （ D） secret 6 John was (irritated) by the necessity for polite conversation. （ A） annoyed （ B） troubled （ C） angered （ D） aroused 7 Academic records cannot be (duplicated). （ A） borrowed （ B） purchased （ C） rewritten （ D） copied 8 The emphasis on the im
4、portance of education has (spurred) scientific research. （ A） fastened （ B） encouraged （ C） raised （ D） initiated 9 We have (ample) money for the journey. （ A） some （ B） little （ C） extra （ D） enough 10 The doctors pills worked (marvels) for me. （ A） patients （ B） miracles （ C） illness （ D） recovery
5、 11 Marys (perpetual) moaning nearly drove me mad. （ A） monotonous （ B） endless （ C） serious （ D） bitter 12 It was hard to say why the man deserved such (shabby) treatment. （ A） old （ B） unforgettable （ C） funny （ D） unfair 13 You didnt (adhere) to these principles. （ A） follow （ B） order （ C） prove
6、 （ D） handle 14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the (barren) land. （ A） empty （ B） hairless （ C） bare （ D） smooth 15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following (specifications). （ A） expressions （ B） warnings （ C） instructions （ D） advertisements 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22
7、题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的 短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Water the Issue of This Century The world is running short of fresh water. Populations are growing bigger and thirstier(渴的 ), with the result that fresh water is becoming increasingly scarc
8、e(缺乏 ). Half the worlds wetlands have disappeared during the last century, while estimates suggest that water use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years. The World Bank report estimates that as much as half of the worlds population, concentrated in Africa, the Middle East and south Asia, will face “s
9、evere water shortages“ by 2025. Local water conflicts and the loss of freshwater ecosystems appear large in some regions. A similar picture emerges from the globes salt water regions. Three-quarters of the worlds people may live within 100 km. of the sea in 2025, putting even more pressure on stretc
10、hed coastal ecosystems. Two thirds of fisheries(渔业 ) are exploited at or beyond their sustainable limits, and half the worlds coral reefs(珊瑚礁 ) may perish in 100 years. Almost 60% of coral reefs and 34% of fish species are at risk from human activities, the Bank says. The report concludes that there
11、 is ample evidence to justify immediate and coordinated action to safeguard supplies and use water more efficiently. Fresh water consumption is rising quickly, and the availability of water in some regions is likely to become one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century. A third of the worlds
12、 population around two billion people live in countries that are experiencing moderate to high water shortages. That proportion could (at current population forecasts) rise to half or more in the next 30 years unless institutions(制度 ) change to ensure better conservation and allocation of water. Chi
13、na is one country where the portents(征兆 ) are gloomy. The most water-stressed country in East Asia, China is exploiting 44% of its usable water, a figure projected to rise to 60% by 2020. Primary withdrawal of water of more than 60% is widely considered by water experts to exceed the environmental c
14、arrying capacity of a river basin system. Although Chinas total use appears still to be reasonable, it has several basins that are severely stressed environmentally. Withdrawals exceed environmental limits in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and will exceed them in India by 2020. In the Middle East and Nor
15、th Africa, only Morocco has unexploited water resources. The rest have exceeded environmental limits and many are mining aquifers(蓄水层 ) bodies of water-bearing rock the report says. 16 It is estimated that water use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 M
16、ost developed countries will face water shortages in 20 years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Most of the worlds population may live within 100 km. of the sea in 2025. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Almost all coral reefs may disappear in 100 years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （
17、C） Not mentioned 20 Some species of fish in the Atlantic are at dangerously low levels. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The World Bank report implies that urgent action should be taken to protect water supplies. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 India exceeds environmental limi
18、ts for water use. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Chimpanzees Chimpanzees(黑猩猩 ) will soon be extinct(灭 绝 ). If the present rate of hunting and habitat(栖息地 )
19、 destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy(悲剧 ). Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications(含意 ) for the survival of their distant relatives human beings. In 1975 the biologist
20、Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes(基因组 ) match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests, which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any oth
21、er species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically, chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority (优先 ). But there is another, more selfish reason to preserve the chimp. The chimpanzees trump card(王牌 )
22、comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians(兽医 ) often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. In particular, chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is
23、 this ability that is so interesting. For example, chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV, the virus that causes Aids. Indeed, their use as experimental animals in Aids research has declined because they are so resistant. By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing(找到 ) t
24、he place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans, scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This, they hope, will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of
25、 these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration(改变 ) of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach. 23 A. Reasons for HIV resistance B. Implications of
26、 chimpanzee extinction for humans C. Effective Aids treatment D. Genetic similarities between chimps and humans E. Resistance to HIV F. Genetic differences between chimps and humans 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4 _ 27 A. some human disease treatments B. some diseas
27、es C. human survival D. human genomes E. key areas F. healthier lifestyle 27 Chimpanzee extinction may affect_. 28 There is a difference of less than 2% between the chimp and_. 29 Scientists suspect that genes play a significant role in protecting chimps from getting_. 30 The discovery of the geneti
28、c code of chimps will be helpful to_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Youth Emancipation in Spain The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest. Around 55 pe
29、rcent of people aged 18 34 in Spain still sleep in their parents homes, says the latest report from the countrys state-run Institute of Youth. To coax(劝诱 ) young people from their homes, the Institute started a “Youth Emancipation(解放 )“ programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding
30、rooms and jobs. Economists blame young peoples family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的 ) labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000. Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists(社会学家 ). Family ties in south Europe Italy,
31、Portugal and Greece are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report “The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding“. “In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their
32、private life is organized“, said Minguez. In Spain especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥，侄子 ) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner. Parents tolerance is another factor. Spanish
33、parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules. “A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain hell put up a fight and call the father a fascist“, said Jos Antonio Gmez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid. Mothers willingness to
34、do childrens household chores(家务 ) worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good. “ His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well“, Masso said. 31 The “Youth Em
35、ancipation“ programme aims at helping young people_. （ A） fight for freedom. （ B） live in an independent way. （ C） fight against social injustice. （ D） get rid of family responsibilities. 32 It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in_. （ A） Finland. （ B） Gr
36、eece. （ C） Spain. （ D） Italy. 33 Young peoples family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT_. （ A） parents tolerance. （ B） housing problems. （ C） cultural traditions. （ D） unwillingness to get married. 34 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso? （ A
37、） She is 60 years old. （ B） She has a boyfriend. （ C） She has three children. （ D） She lives in Madrid. 35 The phrase “ wary of in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by_. （ A） tired of. （ B） afraid of. （ C） cautious about. （ D） worried about. 36 Listening to Birdsong A male zebra finch(雀科鸣鸟 ) chirps
38、(鸣 ) away to himself. Suddenly he notices a female bird nearby. He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song. Can the female tell the difference in his performance? According to a new study, the female zebra finch knows. And she prefers the special trills(啭音 ) he creates when he s
39、ings to her. A male zebra finch changes his song when singing to a female in ways that people can barely detect. But the female finch can tell the difference. Scientists had noticed slight variations in the songs of male zebra finches based on whether they were singing alone or whether there was a f
40、emale (and potential mate) nearby. With an audience, the males sped up the pace of their songs and controlled the notes they used. For this study, researchers Sarah C. Woolley and Allison Doupe at the University of California, San Francisco decided to focus attention on the listening females, which
41、have not been well studied in the past. In the study, Woolley and Doupe set up a long cage with a sound speaker at each end. One broadcast the sound of a male zebra finch singing to himself, like someone singing in the shower. The other speaker broadcast a male performing for a female audience, as i
42、f he was giving a concert. Female birds were placed between the two speakers. Some of the birds had mates, others didnt. The females shifted around a bit, and then most of them hopped over to sit beside just one speaker. All the birds that made a clear choice liked songs meant for a female audience,
43、 even if theyd never met the male. Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs, one from an unknown male, and one from their mate. They spent more time listening to the concert version of their mates songs. This suggests that after a while, females learn to recognize
44、 and prefer the songs of their mates. Scientists then studied the brains of the females. They found certain areas of the brain perked up (活跃起来 ) when the birds listened to the concert songs. These brain areas may be involved in recognizing and evaluating the songs, and storing the memories of them.
45、This research deals with whats called directed communication, when the communicator, or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. One example is the way moms speak to their babies. Mothers around the world use the same sort of high-pitched sing-song chatter(喋喋不休 ), and the babies respond
46、best to those sounds. Songbirds are one of the only other species known to learn their communication, in this case their songs. 36 Which of the following is true about birdsongs? （ A） Female zebra finches are too shy to sing before males. （ B） Male zebra finches sing louder than females. （ C） Female
47、 zebra finches like to listen to unknown males sing. （ D） Male zebra finches change their songs to attract females. 37 What did the researchers find in their study of female zebra finches? （ A） Female finches only liked songs male finches sang for their mates. （ B） Female finches liked songs male fi
48、nches sang for them. （ C） Female finches liked to listen to songs from both speakers. （ D） Female finches chose the best male singers as their mates. 38 What is meant by “concert songs“ in the seventh paragraph? （ A） Songs sung by zebra finches at a concert. （ B） Songs sung by female finches for mal
49、e finches. （ C） Songs sung by male finches for female finches. （ D） Songs sung by male finches to many female finches. 39 The expression “directed communication“ in the last paragraph means communication in which_. （ A） the message sender has a specific audience. （ B） the communicator sends messages to himself. （ C） two communicators send messages to each other. （ D） mothers talk to their babies in their mother tongue
