1、GMAT（ VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷 6及答案与解析 1 The theory that the impact of a giant meteorite caused the extinction of the dinosaurs is based on evidence that a cloud of dust from the impact blocked off sunlight around the globe for months, reducing temperatures and destroying the dinosaurs food supply. Which of
2、the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the theory above? （ A） Dinosaurs are believed to have been cold-blooded and thus very sensitive to any temperature change. （ B） Some dinosaurs lived in regions where their food supply was not well adapted for long periods of cold and darkness.
3、（ C） Many large animals that existed during the time of the dinosaurs and shared a common food supply with them continued to populate the Earth long after the extinction of the dinosaurs. （ D） A large volcanic explosion that strewed dust in the air and blocked out sunlight was the cause of death of
4、animals within hundreds of miles of the eruption. （ E） Many of the largest dinosaurs were herbivorous relying exclusively on vegetation for their dietary needs. 2 Until recently experts believed that environment, not genetics, largely determines human personality. A new study, however, has shown tha
5、t there is more similarity in personality between identical twins raised together than between non-identical twins raised together. The study concluded that genetics, therefore, does play an important role in determining personality. Which of the following, if found to be true, would cast the most d
6、oubt on the studys conclusion? （ A） Identical twins raised separately in different adoptive families are usually more similar in personality than are nonidentical twins raised separately in different adoptive families. （ B） No matter how twins behave, parents treat identical twins in ways that tend
7、to elicit similar personality traits but do not treat nonidentical twins in such ways. （ C） Parents of both identical and nonidentical twins have long claimed that their children, from early infanthood, had definite and well-established personality traits. （ D） Birth parents and their identical twin
8、 children tend to become more similar to each other in personality over time, but adoptive parents and their identical twin children do not. （ E） Neither identical nor nonidentical twins are likely to display drastic changes in their individual personalities as they grow up. 3 The major goal of phys
9、ical education programs in schools is to help all children become physically fit. But only a small proportion of children ever participate in team sports. Moreover, team sports usually do less to encourage fitness in participants than do physical education programs that focus directly on aerobic exe
10、rcise. The considerations above, if true, could be used most effectively to argue against （ A） the use of in-school physical education programs to encourage lifelong fitness habits in students. （ B） the participation by young children in community sports teams. （ C） schools relying heavily on aerobi
11、c exercise programs to help all children become physically fit. （ D） the use of a large part of a school s physical education curriculum for team sports. （ E） the use of team sports in schools as an occasional activity for talented athletes. 4 Do you think cream cheese is too rich and luxurious to u
12、se as an everyday spread? Think again! Measure for measure, cream cheese has half the calories of butter. Indulge yourself with a clear conscience. The advertisement above is potentially misleading if which of the following is true? （ A） Even butter is expensive in comparison with spreads that are s
13、till less expensive, such as margarine. （ B） When using cream cheese as a spread, people tend to use several times as much as when using butter. （ C） Other brands of cream cheese are approximately equal in caloric content to the brand advertised. （ D） Even apart from caloric content, people generall
14、y think of cream cheese as luxurious because of its smooth taste. （ E） Butter and cream cheese each contain a nutrient that the other does not. 5 Extraordinarily few people have the ability to be successful commodity traders. So rather than limit the number of people they hire, trading firms aim to
15、hire all those applicants who are able to be successful and to reject the rest. By this standard Quinsey-Leerheims record is perfect. All of its entry-level hirees over the past decade have become successful commodity traders. Which of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the assessm
16、ent given above of Quinsey-Leerheim s hiring performance? （ A） Over the past decade, Quinsey-Leerheims trading practices and policies have changed in a way that gives much more responsibility to individual traders. （ B） Since the pool of entry-level applicants is mostly the same for all commodity-tr
17、ading firms, Quinsey-Leerheim often competes with other trading firms for the strongest applicants. （ C） Quinsey-Leerheim rejects some entry-level applicants who go on to become extremely successful commodity traders with other trading firms. （ D） Commodity trading requires skills that are needed in
18、 very few other occupations, so that trading firms hiring procedures typically differ significantly from those of other financial firms. （ E） Commodity trading is very stressful, and even successful commodity traders rarely work as traders for longer than ten years, although they often earn substant
19、ial sums in those years. 6 Middletowns police currently remove an apparently abandoned car from the streets about two months after it is reported. The police have been unfairly criticized for allowing such cars to be vandalized during this period. Because it is illegal for car owners to abandon cars
20、 on the street, police need not be concerned about protecting such cars. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above? （ A） In the past, vehicles abandoned in Middletown were removed from the streets an average of four months after initial reports to police. （ B） In one
21、 recent year, more than 150 abandoned vehicles were vandalized in Middletown, but police made no arrests for those actions. （ C） Some cars initially classified by Middletowns police as abandoned were later reclassified as stolen vehicles. （ D） Middletowns understaffed police force must give the disp
22、osition of abandoned cars low priority because of the number of violent crimes now committed there. （ E） In the most recent year for which data are available, there were 28 percent fewer reports of abandoned vehicles than the yearly average for the previous ten years. 7 When college students were as
23、ked about their experiences in childhood, those who remembered their parents frequently being in pain were also those who experienced common pains, like headaches, most frequently as adults. This evidence argues that a person s childhood observations of adults in pain can make that person more susce
24、ptible to pain as an adult. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above? （ A） Students who most frequently remembered that they were in pain as children were no more likely than the average student to experience common pains very frequently. （ B） Parents who were frequ
25、ently in pain when their children were growing up often experience just as much pain after their children have grown up. （ C） College students are in general less susceptible to common pains, like headaches, than are older adults. （ D） Adult memories of the circumstances of childhood pain are often
26、vivid, but adults can rarely recall the subjective experience of being in pain as a child. （ E） A persons adult recollections of childhood are likely to emphasize those memories that reflect the persons adult experiences. 8 One way for people to cut back on oil use is to switch to other types of fue
27、l. Because wood is a renewable resource and can always be kept in constant supply, the use of wood instead of oil for home heating would be one way to assure the availability of energy resources in the future. The argument above would be most seriously weakened if which of the following were true? （
28、 A） In every country that uses wood for heating, wood is used to provide only part, not all, of the heat for a home. （ B） Every country that has ever used wood for heating has depleted its forests before the forests were able to regenerate themselves. （ C） Every country that has used wood for home h
29、eating has done so only because it possessed a limited amount of other natural resources. （ D） Many countries that use wood primarily for heating have a high incidence of fires that are due to improperly installed wood stoves. （ E） In some countries the wood that would be used for home heating is ow
30、ned by the government. 9 Radioactive radon gas emanating from rock such as granite puts inhabitants of houses built on such rock at greater risk of lung cancer the longer the inhabitants are exposed. Protective steps should be taken if radon measurements exceed 4 pic-ocuries per liter; this recommen
31、dation is based on 70 years of occupancy by any one person. If a 65-year-old homeowner concludes from the information above that radon testing for the new home she has purchased will not be necessary, then each of the following, if true, weakens the homeowners argument EXCEPT: （ A） Houses in which t
32、he homeowner previously lived were in an area where elevated radon levels have been found. （ B） Houses near the homeowners new home have radon levels much higher than the 4 picocuries per liter threshold, levels that require immediate action to reduce exposure to any occupants. （ C） The homeowners g
33、randdaughter, who is eventually to inherit the new house, now lives there with her children. （ D） The homeowner smokes cigarettes, and smoking increases the radon-exposure risks over those given in the information. （ E） The strata underlying the homeowners new home are known to be of rock different
34、from the kinds from which radon emanates. 10 Here is a new idea in agricultural weed control. Rather than trying to formulate herbicides that kill specific weeds but are harmless to grain crops, use a broad-spectrum herbicide effective against all kinds of plants and use genetic engineering specific
35、ally to make the crops impervious to the herbicide. Which of the following, if true, is the most serious obstacle to an implementation of the new idea outlined above? （ A） Certain herbicides that are effective against specific weeds can inhibit the growth of certain crops as much as two years after
36、application. （ B） Research to date suggests that the nutritional properties of crop plants would not improve as a result of the genetic alterations being contemplated. （ C） Most herbicides that kill only a narrow range of targets contain active ingredients that are harmful to domestic animals and wi
37、ldlife. （ D） Effective broad-spectrum herbicides are on the market, but their very effectiveness has so far rendered them unsuitable for agricultural weed control. （ E） Although genetic modification has made individual plants of grain species resistant to broad-spectrum herbicides, the seeds that su
38、ch plants produce will not sprout. 11 According to a recent cross-cultural study, married people in general have longer life expectancies than do people who divorce and do not remarry. This fact indicates that the stress associated with divorce adversely affects health. Which of the following, if tr
39、ue, points to a weakness in the argument above? （ A） Overall life expectancies differ among countries, even among countries with similar cultures. （ B） People often show signs of stress when undergoing a divorce. （ C） Life expectancy varies with age-group, even among married people. （ D） Stress of m
40、any kinds has been shown to affect health adversely. （ E） Adults who have never married have shorter life expectancies than do married people of the same age. 12 Grazing livestock on public land in the western United States is not causing widespread environmental damage in the region, since if it we
41、re, the condition of that land would not be improving. However, only 14 percent of public land in the area today is considered to have inadequate vegetation cover and, therefore, to be in poor condition, while in the 1930s, 36 percent had inadequate vegetation cover. Which of the following, if true,
42、 most seriously weakens the argument above? （ A） In the western United States, private land is typically more lush than public land, and cattle that graze on private land can be fattened more quickly. （ B） Since the 1930s, recreational users of public land in the western United States have caused mo
43、re environmental damage than have the cattle grazing there. （ C） During the 1930 s, an unusually destructive drought prevailed throughout the region where most public lands in the western United States are located. （ D） Ranchers who use public land in the western United States pay only a fraction of
44、 what is paid by those who lease comparable private land for grazing. （ E） The amount of land purchased by the United States government since the 1930s is relatively insignificant. 13 In several nineteenth-century paintings the marble buildings of the Acropolis in Athens are portrayed as being reddi
45、sh, but the buildings do not now appear reddish. The marbles natural color cannot have changed since the nineteenth century, so the paintings must not be showing the color of the buildings as they actually appeared. Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument above? （ A）
46、The Acropolis can be clearly seen from virtually any location within the city of Athens. （ B） Tiny plants called lichens living on marble can cause the marble to appear reddish. （ C） Many nineteenth-century artists strove for true-to-life accuracy in every detail of their paintings. （ D） Some types
47、of marble are naturally reddish, whereas other types are greenish or white. （ E） Not all nineteenth-century paintings of the Acropolis show the marble buildings as being reddish. 14 One randomly selected group saw a speaker lecture on environmental ethics to a large, attentive audience, and a differ
48、ent randomly selected group saw the same speaker give the same lecture, with identical mannerisms, but to a smaller, less attentive audience. The first group called the speaker thoughtful and assured. The second group called the speaker vague and long-winded. The information above can best serve as
49、part of an argument against which of the following claims? （ A） The same social behavior can appear quite differently to different people when it is viewed in different social contexts. （ B） If the second group had seen the speaker lecture to a more attentive audience, its judgment of the speaker s personal qualities might well have been different. （ C） Peoples judgments of a speakers personal qualities are based primarily on what the speaker says and the mannerisms with which the speaker says it. （ D） A listeners convictions about a speakers claims can be influenc
