[外语类试卷]专业英语八级英语语言学知识(语言与语言学)模拟试卷1及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级英语语言学知识(语言与语言学)模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 1 Which of the following does NOT state how the linguist discovers the nature and the rules of the underlying languag

2、e system? ( A) He has to collect and observe language facts. ( B) He has to display and then generalize some similarities of the language facts. ( C) He has to formulate some hypotheses about the language structure. ( D) He has to deal with the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and meth

3、ods applicable in any linguistic study. 2 Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language? ( A) Arbitrariness. ( B) Productivity. ( C) Cultural transmission. ( D) Finiteness. 3 Which of the following statements concerning modern linguistics is NOT correct? ( A) It is mostly des

4、criptive. ( B) In modern linguistics, a synchronic approach seems to enjoy priority over a diachronic one. ( C) It regards the spoken language as the natural or the primary medium of human language. ( D) It forces languages into a Latin-based framework. 4 Which of the following is correct concerning

5、 langue and parole? ( A) Langue refers to the realization of parole in actual use. ( B) Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. ( C) Langue is abstract and parole is concrete. ( D) Langue is relatively stable while parole varies from person to

6、 person and from situation to situation. 5 Which of the following is NOT a compound word? ( A) Landlady ( B) Greenhouse ( C) Uplift ( D) Unacceptable 6 _is the ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language and_is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. ( A) Compete

7、nce, performance ( B) Performance, competence ( C) Parole, langue ( D) Langue, parole 7 The study of language acquisition is generally known as_. ( A) theoretical linguistics ( B) psycholinguistics ( C) applied linguistics ( D) historical linguistics 8 The history of English is usually divided into_

8、major periods. ( A) three ( B) four ( C) five ( D) two 9 _is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. ( A) Langue ( B) Language ( C) Linguistics ( D) Speech 10 In semantic studies,_refers to the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. ( A) sense ( B) synonym ( C) homonym (

9、D) reference 11 A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers is called_. ( A) situational dialect ( B) slang ( C) linguistic taboo ( D) bilingualism 12 Syntactic change includes all the following EXCEPT_. ( A) rule loss ( B) affix

10、loss ( C) rule addition ( D) rule change 专业英语八级英语语言学知识(语言与语言学)模拟试卷 1答案与解析 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 语言学家为了找出潜在的语言系统中的实质和规则,他须收集和观察语言事实,找出某些相似性并对其作出概括;然后,对语言结构进

11、行某种假设,再对照所观察到的事实进行反复验证以充分证明它们的有效性。 【知识模块 】 语言与语言学 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 语言的区别性特征有五个: arbitrariness(任意性 ), productivity(能产性 ), duality(双层性 ), displacement(不受时空限制性 ), cultural transmission(文化传递性 )。 arbitrariness指一句话所表达的意思与表达这个意思的语言文字之间的关系不确定。 productivity,有时也称之为创造性,指的是人们可以构造或理解无穷多的新语句。 duality语言结构的二重性指的一个

12、是语音结构 ,另一个是语义结构。 cultural transmission指的是语言不像遗传基因那样能代代相传,语言必须作为一个体系,必须一点一点地习得。人所要学的某一特定的语言是文化的即社会的语言,人出生后孤立于文化或社会环境之外是无法习得语言的。 【知识模块】 语言与语言学 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 现代语言学大多数是描述性的;共时性研究在现代语言学中更受关注;现代语言学把口头语看作是人类语言的自然的或基本的媒介。现代语言学并不强迫语言进入一个以拉丁语为基础的框架,这是与传统语言学的区别之 一。 【知识模块】 语言与语言学 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 20世纪早期,瑞士

13、语言学家索绪尔提出语言 (langue)和话语 (parole)的区别:语言是指一个话语社区的所有成员所共享的抽象语言系统;而 parole话语指语言在实际运用中的实现; A、 B项颠倒。语言是抽象的,它不是人们实际所使用的语言;话语是具体的,它指的是自然出现的语言事件。语言是相对稳定的,它不会经常发生变化;而话语因人或场合不同而变化。 【知识模块】 语言与语言学 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 unacceptable由 accept加前缀和后缀组成,是 derivation(派生 )。 【知识模块】 语言与语言学 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 乔姆斯基于 20世纪 50年代末提出

14、的语言能力 competence和语言运用 performance。前者是理想的语言使用者在语言规则方面的知识,后者是这种知识在语言交际中的具体实现。 【知识模块】 语言与语言学 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 这道题考查考生对语言习得研究范畴的了解。从狭义上讲,应用语言学是指将语言学理论和 原则应用于语言教学中,尤其是外语和第二语言教学。 【知识模块】 语言与语言学 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 英语语言的发展历史一般分为三个阶段:古英语阶段、中世纪英语阶段和现代英语阶段。 【知识模块】 语言与语言学 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 语言是一个用于人类交际的、具有任意性的语音符

15、号系统。 【知识模块】 语言与语言学 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 意义 sense和指称 reference是语义研究中经常遇到的两个术语。意义指语言形式的 内在意义,是语言形式所有特征的集合,是抽象的,而且与语境无关;指称指语言形式在现实的物质世界中所指的事物,它涉及的是语言成分和非语言的经验世界之间的关系。 【知识模块】 语言与语言学 11 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 这道题考查考生对双语现象的理解。在某些语言社区中,两种语言同时并存,并起着不同的作用。当场景发生改变时,语言转化随之出现,这就构成双语现象 (bilingualism)的情形。 【知识模块】 语言与语言学 12 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 这道题考查句法变 化的涵盖面。 affix loss属于形态学变化。 【知识模块】 语言与语言学

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