1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 21及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 A good deal of the _ for his achievement in this field must go to his supervisor, Professor Fang. （ A） credit （ B） reputation （ C） respect （ D） praise 2 As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _ it. （ A） postpone （ B） re
2、fuse （ C） accept （ D） cancel 3 There is a high job mobility among young people as they will _ work one day and find a new job the next. （ A） depart （ B） reject （ C） quit （ D） leave 4 The search for the lost ship must be _ because of poor weather. （ A） released （ B） resigned （ C） abandoned （ D） surre
3、ndered 5 The car one drives may show his/her _ or social position. （ A） curiosity （ B） status （ C） importance （ D） reputation 6 _ is the question of using existing resources to produce original and beneficial solutions, ideas or products. （ A） Creativity （ B） Productivity （ C） Application （ D） Combi
4、nation 7 Sometimes artists find it hard for their works to win popular _. （ A） welcome （ B） applause （ C） appetite （ D） appreciation 8 In the _ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to USD 30 million. （ A） face （ B） time （ C） event （ D） course 9 Why are some of us good a
5、t math, or writing, while others _ at art or basketball? （ A） work （ B） gaze （ C） aim （ D） excel 10 The jet quickly _ into the sky and soon went out of our view. （ A） ascended （ B） launched （ C） assessed （ D） descended 11 The Great Wall is a great tourist _ , drawing millions of visitors from all pa
6、rts of the world every year. （ A） attention （ B） appointment （ C） attraction （ D） interest 12 Disabled people are now able to care for many of their own needs, _ educational goals, and maintain jobs. （ A） attempt （ B） pursue （ C） realize （ D） perform 13 Tom could hardly _ his excitement as he knew t
7、hat he had made a real discovery. （ A） conceal （ B） reveal （ C） show （ D） discover 14 The goals and desires _ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor. （ A） swing （ B） vary （ C） distinguish （ D） transfer 15 The local authorities seemed to _ for the accident taking place last week.
8、 （ A） share （ B） take （ C） criticize （ D） blame 16 The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a _ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion. （ A） long （ B） forever （ C） lasting （ D） lively 17 The full _ of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years. （ A） af
9、fect （ B） impact （ C） action （ D） importance 18 The coming of automation is _ to have important social consequences. （ A） like （ B） frightful （ C） bound （ D） compelled 19 It is our _ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means. （ A） consistent （ B） considerate （ C） certain （ D） decisive
10、 20 The survey showed that _ numbers of 15-year-olds were already smoking twenty cigarettes a week. （ A） essential （ B） steady （ C） primary （ D） substantial 21 Chemistry is closely _ with other studies: physics, biology and so on. （ A） corresponded （ B） concerned （ C） correlated （ D） cooperated 22 T
11、he police _ to emergencies in just a few minutes when the accident happened. （ A） responded （ B） replied （ C） adjusted （ D） appealed 23 The destruction of rainforests has been _ as a disaster for the environment. （ A） blamed （ B） declared （ C） condemned （ D） appealed 24 Shy people never _ set out to
12、 attract attention of other people. （ A） willingly （ B） voluntarily （ C） decidedly （ D） deliberately 25 Because of a recent obstacle in production, sales have dropped and accordingly profits have _. （ A） declined （ B） increased （ C） broken （ D） maintained 26 There has been an increase in attendance
13、at lectures _ by the World Affairs Council, which brings international issues to public attention. （ A） developed （ B） sponsored （ C） advanced （ D） promoted 27 It is not too late, but _ action is needed. （ A） fight （ B） urgent （ C） hurry （ D） prompt 28 His desire to _ other people has caused trouble
14、 in his family. （ A） please （ B） dominate （ C） force （ D） urge 29 Concerned people want to _ the risk of developing cancer. （ A） take （ B） decrease （ C） minimize （ D） claimed 30 The badly wounded soldiers take _ for medical treatment over those only slightly hurt. （ A） priority （ B） measures （ C） ch
15、ance （ D） responsibility 31 It is still not clear what _ a series of argument between them. （ A） contributed （ B） marked （ C） ignited （ D） triggered 32 In order to survive now and _ in the future, all the working staff must constantly create new ideas for every aspect of your business. （ A） maximize
16、 （ B） thrive （ C） measures （ D） remain 33 Man may destroy the balance of nature, but from time to time, nature takes a terrible _. （ A） attack （ B） threat （ C） lesson （ D） revenge 34 She _ the high unemployment figures as evidence of the failure of the government policy. （ A） cited （ B） recited （ C）
17、 listed （ D） lifted 35 Since Japan _ importance to education and technological innovation, its economy has developed at a high speed. （ A） relates （ B） applies （ C） attaches （ D） connects 36 This policy gave _ to private property and led to differences between the rich and the poor. （ A） life （ B） b
18、irth （ C） way （ D） death 37 Humans should not develop their economy at the _ of the ecological environment. （ A） destruction （ B） pollution （ C） expense （ D） mercy 38 We must try to _ the best of our moral values for our children and grand-children. （ A） replace （ B） remain （ C） generate （ D） preser
19、ve 39 Proper clothes _ for much in business. Thats why you see most business people dress formally. （ A） count （ B） account （ C） allow （ D） care 40 He was seriously injured in a car accident, which was _ to faulty brakes. （ A） attributed （ B） contributed （ C） blamed （ D） applied 二、 Reading Comprehen
20、sion 40 In old days, when a glimpse of stocking was looked upon as something far too shocking to distract the serious work of an office, secretaries were men. Then came the first World War and the male secretaries were replaced by women. A mans secretary became his personal servant, charged with rem
21、embering his wife s birthday and buying her presents; taking his suits to the dry-cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to keep people he did not wish to speak to at bay and, of course, typing and filing and taking shorthand. Now all this may be changing again. The microchip and high technology is
22、 sweeping the British office, taking with it much of the routine clerical work that secretaries did. “Once office technology takes over generally, the status of the job, will rise again because it will involve only the high-powered work-and then men will want to do it again.“ That was said by one of
23、 the executives (male) of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country. What he has predicted is already under way in the US. One girl described to me a recent temporary job placing men in secretarial jobs in San Francisco. She noted that all the men she dealt with appeared to be gay so p
24、ossibly that is just a new twist to the old story. Over here, though, there are men coming onto the job market as secretaries. Classically, girls have learned shorthand and typing and gone into a company to seek their fortune from the bottom and thats what happened to John Bowman. Although he joined
25、 a national grocery chain as secretary to its first woman senior manager, he has since been promoted to an administration job. “I filled in the application form and said I could do audio/typing, and in fact I was the only applicant. The girls were reluctant to work for this young, glamorous new woma
26、n with all this power in the firm.” “I did typing at school, and then a commercial course. I just thought it would be useful finding a job. I never got any funny treatment from the girls, though I admit Ive never met another male secretary. But then I joined the Post Office as a clerk and carelessly
27、 played with the typewriter, and wrote letters, and thought that after all secretaries were getting a good 1,000 a year more than clerks like me. There was a shortage at that time, you see.“ “It was simpler working for a woman than for a man. I found she made decisions, she told everybody what she t
28、hought, and there was none of that male bitchiness, or that stuff ring this number for me dear, which men go in for.“ “Dont forget, we were a team thats how I feel about it not boss and servant but two people doing different things for the same purpose. Once high technology has made the job of secre
29、tary less routine, will there be male takeover? Men should beware of thinking that they can walk right into the better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as they because they are as efficient and well trained to cope with word processors and computers, and men. 41
30、 Before the first World War, female secretaries were rare because they _. （ A） wore stockings （ B） were not as serious as men （ C） were less efficient than men （ D） would have disturbed the other office workers 42 A secretary in the future will _. （ A） be better paid （ B） have less work to do （ C） h
31、ave higher status （ D） have more work to do 43 John Bowman was given his first job as a secretary because _. （ A） he was lucky （ B） no one else applied （ C） he had the best qualifications （ D） he wanted to work for a woman 44 When he was a post office clerk, secretaries were better paid because _. （
32、 A） they were in shortage （ B） they were better trained （ C） they worked longer hours （ D） they had greater responsibility 45 The writer believes that before long _. （ A） men and women will compete for secretarial work （ B） men will take over women s jobs as secretaries （ C） women will operate most
33、office machines （ D） men will be better with machines 45 There are four basic types of competition in business that form a continuum from pure competition through monopolistic competition and oligopoly(商品供应垄断 )to monopoly. At one end of the continuum, pure competition results when every company has
34、a similar product. Companies that deal in commodities such as wheat or corn are often involved in pure competition. In pure competition, it is often the ease and efficiency of distribution that influences purchase. In contrast, in monopolistic competition, several companies may compete for the sale
35、of items that may be substituted. The classic example of monopolistic competition is coffee and tea. If the price of one is perceived as too high, consumers may begin to purchase the other. Coupons and other discounts (折扣 ) are often used as part of a marketing strategy to influence sales. Oligopoly
36、 occurs when a few companies dominate the sales of a product or service. For example, only five airline carriers control more than 70 percent of all ticket sales in the United States. In oligopoly, serious competition is not considered desirable because it would result in reduced revenue for every c
37、ompany in the group. Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously is also usual. Finally, monopoly occurs when only one firm sells the product. Some monopolies have been tolerated for producers
38、 of goods and services that have been considered basic or essential, including electricity and water. In these cases, it is government control, rather than competition, that protects and influences sales. 46 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? （ A） Monopolies （ B） The Com
39、modity Market （ C） The Competition Continuum （ D） The Best Type of Competition 47 An example of product in monopolistic competition is _. （ A） com （ B） electricity （ C） airline ticket （ D） coffee 48 The word “tolerated“ in paragraph 4 could best be replaced by _. （ A） permitted （ B） reserved （ C） cr
40、iticized （ D） devised 49 What does the author mean by the statement “Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously is also usual“? （ A） It is not unusual for all companies to increase prices at
41、the same time. （ B） It is common for companies to compete for customers by lowering prices. （ C） Customers may lose money when companies have price wars. （ D） Prices are lower during price wars, but they are usually higher afterward. 50 The word “it“ in paragraph 3 refers to _. （ A） a product or ser
42、vice （ B） competition （ C） revenue （ D） oligopoly 50 Kevin Rogers used to be my boss. At that time he was a hard-working, up-and-coming businessman and a real slave-driver, always telling us we had to sell more and more. As soon as I could, I got a job with another company. The last time I saw Roger
43、s was more than ten years ago. At least thats what I thought until last Thursday. But now Im not so sure. I was on my way back to my office in the center of town. There is a small park nearby which I sometimes walk through after lunch. It is empty, except for an unshaven, shabby-looking man on one o
44、f the benches. He looked about fifty years old and was wearing an old, gray overcoat. It was a cold, wintry day, and he was shivering. “Its been a long time since I had a meal. Can you help me?“ he said. There was something about his voice that sounded familiar. I gave him a few coins and he mumbled
45、 something about being grateful. As he stumbled past me, I looked at his face closely, I wondered where I had seen him before. Then it hit me. Could it possibly be? No! Impossible, I thought. I watched him walking away. He was the same height as Rogers but looked a lot thinner than I remembered. The
46、n, as he left he park and turned down the street, I caught sight of his face again, this time in profile. The nose was the same as Rogers, too. I almost followed him but something made me stop. I just couldnt be sure. But the resemblance was very close. Yesterday I rain into someone who had worked f
47、or Rogers at the same time I did, and had stayed on longer. I started telling him about the man I had seen in the park. For a moment I thought it was our old boss. The voice, the nose, and even the face were just like Rogers, but it couldnt have been, “Rogers must be the director of a big company by
48、 now“ I said. My ex-colleague shook his head. “I thought you knew.“ “Knew? Knew what? What are you talking about?“ “Rogers was sent to prison six years ago. Hes probably out by now. For all I know hes sleeping on park benches and begging money from passers-by.“ 51 It seems that when Rogers was the w
49、riters boss, the writer _. （ A） rather liked Rogers （ B） admired Rogers ability to sell （ C） thought Rogers was lazy （ D） was not very happy in his job 52 When this story begins, the writer _. （ A） was working for a man called Rogers （ B） was on his way to work in the morning （ C） was going back to work after lun
