1、北京航空航天大学考博英语模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 One silly question I simply cannot tolerate is “How do you feel?“ Usually the question is asked of a man in action - a man walking along the street, or busily working at his desk. So what do you expect him to say? Hell probably say, “Fine, I m all
2、right “ But you have put a bug a his ear-maybe now he is not sure. If you are his good friend, you may have seen something on his face, or in his walk, that he overlooked that morning. It makes him worrying a little. He looks in a mirror to see if everything is all right, while you go merrily on you
3、r way asking someone else, “How do you feel?“ Every question has its time and place. Its perfectly acceptable, for instance, to ask “How do you feel?“ if you are visiting a close friend in the hospital. But if the fellow is walking on both legs, hurrying to take a train or sitting at his desk workin
4、g, its no time to ask him that silly question. When George Bernard Shaw, the famous British writer of plays was in his eighties, someone asked him, “How do you feel?“ Shaw put him in his place. “When you reach my age, “ he said, “either you feel all right or you are dead. “ 1 According to the writer
5、, greetings, such as “How do you feel?“_. （ A） show ones consideration for others （ B） are a good way to make friends （ C） are proper to ask a man in action （ D） generally make one feel uneasy 2 The question “How do you feel?“ seems to be correct and suitable when asked of_. （ A） a friend who is ill
6、 （ B） a person who has lost a close friend （ C） a stranger who looks somewhat worried （ D） a man who is working at his desk 3 George Bernard Shaws reply in this passage shows his_. （ A） silliness （ B） cleverness （ C） carelessness （ D） politeness 4 “ You have put a bug in his ear“ means that you have
7、_. （ A） made him laugh （ B） shown concern for him （ C） made fun of him （ D） given him some kind of warning 5 This passage can be entitled_. （ A） A Silly Question （ B） Dont Trouble a Busy Man （ C） What Are Good Greetings （ D） George Bernard Shaws Reply 5 In recent years many countries of the world ha
8、ve been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? The evidence shows that while variety certainly makes the workers life more enjoyable, it does not actually ma
9、ke him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then, variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important There is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be giv
10、en in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus, although freedom of choice may be important, usually very little can be done to create it Another important consideration is how much a worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories t
11、he worker sees only one small part of the product Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than a large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of the workers contributio
12、n an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy
13、 their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we make their jobs more interesting, they will want neither more money nor shorter working hours. 6 Varied jobs, in writers opinion, will_. （ A） offer greater productivity （ B） drive workers to work
14、harder （ C） make workers more productive （ D） make workers life more enjoyable, but do not make them more hardworking 7 According to the passage, freedom can not be easily given since_. （ A） it is in not what workers care about （ B） it has nothing to do with increasing productivity （ C） freedom will
15、 do harm to the management （ D） machines in modem factories must be organized in a fixed way 8 Degree of the workers contribution is greater when_. （ A） a factory possesses more experts （ B） a factory has many small production lines （ C） workers enjoy more freedom （ D） workers work at a large produc
16、tion line 9 Workers want more money and shorter working hours to_. （ A） enjoy themselves more after work （ B） produce greater work flow （ C） show their great abilities （ D） challenge the management 10 According to the passage, the statement that best describes the writers attitude is_. （ A） there ar
17、e no ways to make workers more productive （ B） workers want more variety, freedom and money, but shorter working time and less contribution （ C） variety .freedom, contribution, more money and shorter working time seem possible factors leading to greater productivity, actually they are not or they ar
18、e impossible （ D） it is impossible to make workers work more productively, because the work they do is so boring 10 What do consumers really want? Thats a question market researchers would love to answer. But since people dont always say what they think, marketers would need direct access to consume
19、rs thoughts to get the truth. Now, in a way, that is possible. At the “Mind of the Market“ laboratory at Harvard Business School, researchers are looking inside shoppers skulls to develop more effective advertisements and marketing pitches. Using imaging techniques that measure blood flow to various
20、 parts of the brain, the Harvard team hopes to predict how consumers will react to particular products and to discover the most effective ways to present information. Stephen Kosslyn, a professor of psychology at Harvard, and business school professor Gerald Zaltman, oversee the lab. “The goal is no
21、t to manipulate peoples preferences, “ says Kosslyn, “just to speak to their actual desires. “The groups findings, though still preliminary, could radically change how firms develop and market new products. The Harvard group use position emission topography (PET) scans to monitor the brain activity.
22、 These PET scans, along with other non-invasive imaging techniques; enable researchers to see which parts of the brain are active during specific tasks (such as remembering a word). Correlations have been found between blood flow to specific areas and future behavior. Because of this, Harvard resear
23、chers believe the scans can also predict future purchasing patterns. According to an unpublished paper the group produced, “ It is possible to use these techniques to predict not only whether people will remember and have specific emotional reactions to certain materials, but also whether they will
24、be inclined to want those materials months later. “ The Harvard group is now moving into the next stage of experiments. They will explore how people remember advertisements as part of an effort to predict how they will react to a product after having seen an ad. The researchers believe that once key
25、 areas of the brain are identified, scans on about two dozen volunteers will be enough to draw conclusions about the reactions of specific segments of the population. Large corporations including Coca Cola, Eastman Kodak, General Motors, and Hallmark have already signed up to fund further investigat
26、ions. For their financial support, these firms gain access to the experiments, but cannot control them. If Kosslyn and Zaltman and their team really can read the mind of the market, then consumers may find it even harder to get those advertising jingles out of their heads. 11 Which of the following
27、statements can be the best title for this passage? （ A） Reading the Mind of the Market （ B） Controlling the Consumers Preferences （ C） Improving the Styles of Advertising （ D） Finding Out the Way to Predict 12 Why do the Harvard researchers use scientific technology in the experiments? （ A） Because
28、they dont believe the surveys done by the marketers can lead to the truth. （ B） Because they are asked by the marketers to find a direct way to read the consumers thoughts. （ C） Because they want to find out how the ads influence peoples brain activity and emotional responses etc. （ D） Because they
29、expect that their experiments can basically alter the marketing strategies of products. 13 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） Sometimes people will conceal what they think when being questioned by the market researchers. （ B） Stephen Kosslyn and Gerald Zaltman overlook
30、 the experiments and criticize the purpose of the study. （ C） Harvard researchers have found the corresponding relations between peoples brain and behavior. （ D） There are many large organizations endorsing and financing the Harvard groups further investigation. 14 What does “to speak to“in the last
31、 sentence of the second paragraph mean? （ A） to talk to （ B） to say to （ C） to communicate to （ D） to respond to 15 The last sentence of this passage implies that_. （ A） if the experiments results can be applied to the practice, the customers will be very likely to buy things according to the ads （
32、B） if the Harvard group can succeed in finishing the research, they will use it in attracting more and more and more and more consumers into the market （ C） the financial supporting corporations such as Coca Cola, General Motors can employ the experiments in their own marketing （ D） the consumers ma
33、y discover that those ads will always annoy them by jingling out of their heads and cause them headaches 15 To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against
34、 the sun. Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, was back in the eleventh century B. C. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected
35、with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. Bu
36、t it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And against it was considered a symbol of
37、power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England. By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight It wasnt until
38、 the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors. 16 The first use of umbrella was as_. （ A） protection against rain （ B） a shade against the sun （ C） a symbol of power （ D） a symbol of honor 17 _were the people who first used umbrellas. （ A） Chinese （ B） Ro
39、mans （ C） Greeks （ D） Egyptians 18 The umbrella was used only by royalty or by those in high offices_. （ A） in Europe in the 18th century （ B） in ancient Egypt and Babylon （ C） in the Far East in ancient times （ D） during the Middle Ages 19 According to the passage, which of the following is not tru
40、e ? （ A） Women enjoy using umbrellas with varied kinds of colors nowadays. （ B） The inventor of the umbrella is unknown. （ C） Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellas. （ D） Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times. 20 Which of the following is the best title of the passage? （ A） W
41、hen Was the Umbrella Invented? （ B） The History of Umbrella （ C） Umbrella A Symbol of Honor （ D） Who Used Umbrella First? 二、 Structure and Vocabulary 21 Taking photographs is strictly_here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings. （ A） forbidden （ B） rejected （ C） excluded （ D） denied 22 Mr. Br
42、owns condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will_. （ A） pull back （ B） pull up （ C） pull through （ D） pull out 23 Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customers _ rather than the companys
43、. （ A） benefit （ B） availability （ C） suitability （ D） convenience 24 The priest made the_of the cross when he entered the church. （ A） mark （ B） signal （ C） sign （ D） gesture 25 This spacious room is_furnished with just a few articles in it （ A） lightly （ B） sparsely （ C） hardly （ D） rarely 26 The
44、day was breaking and people began to go to work so the murderer was unable to_of the body. （ A） dispense （ B） dispose （ C） discard （ D） discharge 27 Can you imagine! He offered me $ 5000 to break my contract Thats_. Of course I didnt agree. I would take legal action. （ A） fraud （ B） blackmail （ C） b
45、ribery （ D） compensation 28 Her remarks_a complete disregard for human rights. （ A） magnified （ B） maintained （ C） manipulated （ D） manifested 29 Ive told you_that you cannot go out and play until youve finished your homework. （ A） once and for all （ B） to all intents （ C） all the way （ D） in all re
46、spects 30 I should be able to finish the task on time, _you provide me with the necessary guidance. （ A） in case （ B） provided that （ C） or else （ D） as if 31 On behalf of my company, I am_to you and your colleagues for your generous help. （ A） subjected （ B） inclined （ C） available （ D） obliged 32
47、His office is_to the Presidents; it usually takes him about three minutes to get there. （ A） related （ B） adhesive （ C） adherent （ D） adjacent 33 The none of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to being _ of everything they do. （ A） emotional （ B） optimistic （ C） interested （ D） cr
48、itical 34 Shares on the stock market have_as a result of a worldwide economic downturn. （ A） turned （ B） changed （ C） floated （ D） fluctuated 35 He was_with the deadly disease when he was 14, and has suffered with it for 10 years. （ A） induced （ B） inflicted （ C） inserted （ D） integrated 36 Every pe
49、rson on the sales team is_because they work together well. （ A） incompatible （ B） incredible （ C） indefinite （ D） indispensable 37 The secretary wants to_all the file clerks to make preparations for the company Christmas party. （ A） enlighten （ B） enlist （ C） enable （ D） enclose 38 To be a successful criminal, one must be_. （ A） empiric
