1、厦门大学考博英语模拟试卷 7及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 My work is not very profitable_money,but Im getting valuable experience out of it. （ A） in exchange for （ B） in terms of （ C） concerning （ D） for the matter of 2 One of Freuds great_into the human personality was the discovery of how it is influence
2、d by unconscious processes. （ A） convictions （ B） concepts （ C） insights （ D） instincts 3 She felt dizzy and had to_something to steady herself. （ A） hold onto （ B） hold up （ C） hold forth （ D） hold down 4 The children glanced_at the box of candy they were told not to touch. （ A） eminently （ B） cove
3、rtly （ C） excessively （ D） graciously 5 The criminals_for leniency was ignored by the jurors. （ A） protest （ B） demand （ C） plea （ D） defence 6 The famous actress was imposed heavy_for non-payment of taxes. （ A） disrepute （ B） penalties （ C） popularity （ D） scandal 7 The floor of his study was occup
4、ied by a_mass of books and papers. （ A） callous （ B） hectic （ C） chaotic （ D） cute 8 The great American scientist Edison had a remarkable_for inventing new things. （ A） requirement （ B） aptitude （ C） obligation （ D） vulnerability 9 When automation is introduced into the factory,all the work done by
5、hand will_the assembly line. （ A） give way to （ B） take the place of （ C） have a say in （ D） be contributed to 10 The problem has been_my mind all day. （ A） preying on （ B） getting at （ C） taking on （ D） seeing to 11 He was_with the deadly disease when he was 14,and has suffered with it for 10 years
6、. （ A） induced （ B） inflicted （ C） inserted （ D） integrated 12 Every person on the sales team is_because they work together well. （ A） incompatible （ B） incredible （ C） indefinite （ D） indispensable 13 The secretary wants to_all the file clerks to make preparations for the company Christmas party. （
7、 A） enlighten （ B） enlist （ C） enable （ D） enclose 14 To be a successful criminal,one must be_ （ A） empirical （ B） emigrant （ C） elegant （ D） elusive 15 The low operating costs of the foreign company will_the high labor costs the business pays in its own country. （ A） offend （ B） obstruct （ C） oblig
8、e （ D） offset 16 Despite the fact that they were_when they married,after 30 years they live together harmoniously. （ A） contradictory （ B） incompatible （ C） contrary （ D） compatible 17 Because of her dual nationality in the United States and Mexico,Maria was almost required to pay taxes in both coun
9、tries until her accountant_with a satisfactory solution for both countries. （ A） intercepted （ B） interacted （ C） interpreted （ D） intervened 18 _was given by the committee to all of those who donated money. （ A） Recognition （ B） Attention （ C） Tribute （ D） Acknowledgement 19 Most of the waiters are
10、_in their work because the owner of the restaurant does not pay them on time. （ A） rack （ B） tack （ C） slack （ D） stack 20 It was their_decision to leave their country,and as a result,they lost their citizenship. （ A） compulsory （ B） deliberate （ C） carefree （ D） modest 21 She_scarlet fever when she
11、 was a baby and lost her eyesight. （ A） distorted （ B） contracted （ C） subtracted （ D） distracted 22 She is_to sprain her ankle because it is weak from 3 previous pains. （ A） prone （ B） disposed （ C） bound （ D） destined 23 Little boys seem to enjoy_train sets more than little girls. （ A） capture （ B
12、） departure （ C） fixture （ D） miniature 24 Many skiers_around the fire and drink hot chocolate in the evenings. （ A） pad （ B） pack （ C） squeeze （ D） cluster 25 A stateless young man may have felt_after having been denied asylum and right of residence by many countries. （ A） intrigued （ B） initiated
13、（ C） indicated （ D） intimidated 26 “Do you want to see my ID card or my drivers license?“ “_will do.“ （ A） Every （ B） Each （ C） Either （ D） Both 27 Their profits have grown rapidly in recent years,and this upward_is expected to continue. （ A） action （ B） increase （ C） Tendency （ D） movement 28 My br
14、other likes eating very much but he isnt very_about the food he eats. （ A） special （ B） peculiar （ C） unusual （ D） particular 29 Dinner will be ready_,but we still have time for a drink. （ A） presently （ B） currently （ C） lately （ D） finally 30 Scholars maintain that social development can easily_la
15、nguage changes. （ A） bring up （ B） bring about （ C） bring out （ D） bring forward 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 A TIME columnist bears witness to an operation to help triplets with cerebral palsy walk like other boys Cindy Hickman nearly bled to death the day she gave birth-three months prematurely-to
16、her triplet sons. Weighing less than 2 lbs each,her babies were alive,but barely. They clung so tenuously to life that her doctors recommended she name them A, B and C. Then, after a year of heroic interventions-brain shunts, tracheotomies,skull remodeling-often requiring emergency helicopter rides
17、to the hospital nearest their rural Tennessee home,the Hickmans learned that their triplets had cerebral palsy. Fifteen years ago there wasnt much that could be done about cerebral palsy, a disorder caused by damage to the motor centers of the brain. But pediatric medicine has come a long way since
18、then,both in intervention before birth, with better prenatal care and various techniques to postpone delivery, and surgical interventions after birth to correct .physical deficiencies. So although the incidence of cerebral palsy seems to be increasing (because the odds of preemies surviving are so m
19、uch better),so too are the number of success stories. This is one of them. Lane.Codie and Wyatt (as the Hickman boys are called) have spastic cerebral palsy, the most common form, accounting for nearly 80% of cases.“We first noticed that they werent walking when they should,“Cindy recalls. “Instead
20、they were only doing the combat crawl.“Their brains seemed to be developing age appropriately, but their muscles were unnaturally stiff, making walking difficult if not impossible. Happily, spastic cerebral palsy is also the most treatable form of CP, largely thanks to a procedure known as selective
21、 dorsal rhizotomy, in which the nerve roots that are causing the problem are isolated and severed. Among the first to champion SDR in the U.S. in the late 1980s was Dr. T.S. Park, a Korean-born pediatric neurosurgeon at Washington University in St. Louis, Mo., who has performed more than 800 of thes
22、e operations and hopes to do an additional 1,000 before he retires. Having performed the operation myself as a resident in neurosurgery, I was eager to see how the countrys most prolific SDR surgeon does it. Last month I got an opportunity to stand by his side as he operated on 3-year-old Lane Hickm
23、an. Peering through a microscope and guided by an electric probe,we were able to distinguish between the two groups of nerve roots leaving the spinal cord. The ventral roots send information to the muscle;the dorsal roots send information back to the spinal cord. The dorsal roots cause spasticity, a
24、nd if just the right ones are severed,the symptoms can be greatly reduced. Nearly half a million Americans suffer from cerebral palsy. Not all are candidates for SDR, but Park estimates that as many as half may be. He gets the best results with children between ages 2 and 6 who were born prematurely
25、 and have stiffness only in their legs. He is known for performing the operation very high up in the spine,right where the nerve roots exit the spinal cord. Its riskier that way, but the recovery is faster, and ia Parks skilled hands,the success rate is higher. Cindy and Jeremy Hickman will testify
26、to that. Just a few weeks after the procedure, two of their sons are walking almost normally and the third is rapidly improving. 31 When the triplets were born,_. （ A） both the triplets and their mother nearly died （ B） they didnt have cerebral palsy （ C） doctors didnt believe they were going to sur
27、vive （ D） they received medical intervention like brain shunts 32 Cerebral palsy is_. （ A） deadly disease （ B） a kind of brain disorder （ C） not treatable for children who are over 6 and have stiffness in their legs （ D） to be cured by isolating and cutting off the right nerve roots 33 There are mor
28、e and more cases of cerebral palsy_. （ A） because there are more and more triplets （ B） because more and more babies prematurely born are able to survive （ C） so there are more cases of successful treatment （ D） so there are more candidates for SDR 34 Dr. T.S. Park_. （ A） is a successful pioneer in
29、adopting SDR operations in CP treatment （ B） is famous because of his success with the triplets who are very difficult cases （ C） is ambitious by hoping to do another 1,000 SDR operations （ D） is not cautious enough by taking risks to perform the operation very high up the spine 35 SDR is a procedur
30、e of_. （ A） prenatal intervention using delivery postponing techniques （ B） surgical intervention after birth to reduce spastic symptoms （ C） isolating and severing either of the two groups of nerve roots leaving the spinal cord （ D） great risk and high efficiency 35 Modern lore has it that in Engla
31、nd death is imminent, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression control led, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging p
32、opulation a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. Death is normal;We are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even
33、 under optimal conditions. We all understand that at some level,yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved, Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care,we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its futile. The most obvious example is late-stag
34、e cancer care. A vast industry pushed for aggressive and expensive therapy for prostate cancer, despite a lack of demonstrable benefit for many patients. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyo
35、nd what is scientifically justified. Meanwhile, the kind of palliative care provided in hospices is taught derogatorily to medical students as a treatment of last resort. In 1950 the United States spent $ 12.7 billion,or 4.4 percent of gross domestic product, on health care. In 2002 the cost will be
36、 $ 1.54 trillion-nearly 14 percent of GDP, by far the largest percentage spent by any developed country. Anyone can see that this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some ethicists conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical c
37、are that sustains life beyond a certain age-say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way“so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. I wouldnt go that far. Not long ago similar argu
38、ments were used to justify mandatory retirement ages as young as 55 for employees in industry, academia and government. The message was “Step asidel want your desk and your paycheck.“ Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom cha
39、irman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the maladies that come naturally with
40、 age. As a mere 68-year-old, I aspire to age as productively as they have. Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit, or should. Ive watched as the lives of my family members and friends have been painfully prolonged. Its a stark contrast with the inexpensive and compassionate
41、 deaths of my parents a generation ago. As a medical consumer, I may want Medicare to buy me multiple coronary bypass operations or a desperate round of bone-marrow transplantation. As a taxpaying citizen, I know-intellectually, if not emotionally-that the value of such measures must be weighed agai
42、nst other social goods,such as housing,defense and education,And as a physician,I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care,have achieved longer, healthier lives than We have.
43、As a nation,we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely, cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives. For example,the field of alternative and complementary medicine receives just A. 5 percent chunk of the National Institutes of Health budget. To create a
44、 human system of health care,We must acknowledge that death and dying are not themselves the enemies. As the post-World War II British epidemiologist Archie Cochrane once observed, cures in medicine are rare,but the need for “care“ attention and reassurance from approachable, sympathetic physicians
45、And caregivers-is widespread. Cochrane worried that by pursuing cures at all cost, we would restrict the supply of care that patients can receive. This is precisely the crisis of contemporary medicine:billions for cures, and pennies for care. Medicine can accomplish great things for the generation n
46、ow passing 50,but only if were wise enough not to ask too much of it. 36 Peoples different attitudes towards death show that_. （ A） people in other countries dont have a great health-care system as Americans do （ B） Americans rely too much on their health-care system even to challenge death （ C） Ame
47、ricans are optimistic （ D） Palliative care works wonders in Americans 37 The best health care_. （ A） can even change our genetic programs to prolong our lives （ B） can guarantee the old an unimaginable life of high quality （ C） should do everything possible to save the patients life （ D） has limits
48、to what it can do and should do 38 Palliative care provided in hospices_. （ A） is not thought much of because it doesnt cure patients （ B） needs much more money than health care and is unsustainable （ C） is for poor people who cant afford to stay in hospital for a long time （ D） should be attached m
49、ore importance 39 The government with finite resources had better_. （ A） balance its budget for research into cures and that into therapies that can help people live healthier and happier lives （ B） stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond age 83 so that younger and healthier people can realize their potential （ C） make it a rule that people in industry, academia and government who are over 55 should retire （ D） spen
