1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 72及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on endless delay. You should write at least 720 words but no more than 180 words
2、. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. Section A （ A） He is going to change his job. （ B） He doesnt want to graduate from the university. （ C） He will work in homeland instead of going abroad. （ D） He switched colleges for studying abroad. （ A） She has wasted much study time. （ B） She sleeps too much
3、. （ C） Staying up is bad for her health. （ D） She is an excellent student. （ A） The subway station. （ B） The womans home. （ C） The restaurant. （ D） The theatre. （ A） Andrew should have known that the house would be noisy. （ B） Andrew should have chosen the house with the supermarket downstairs. （ C）
4、 Andrew chose the house for its convenience. （ D） Andrews complaint is very reasonable. （ A） They have just graduated from college. （ B） They missed each other very much. （ C） They didnt change too much. （ D） They met with each other unexpectedly. （ A） He has a bad memory. （ B） Prof. Li will not rem
5、ember the assignments. （ C） He didnt finish those assignments. （ D） He missed home very much. （ A） Giving her the wallet. （ B） Putting the wallet in the library. （ C） Trying to find any clues about the owner. （ D） Taking all things out of the wallet. （ A） Listen to the weather report. （ B） Warm the
6、fingers. （ C） Turn on the lights. （ D） Go outside. （ A） His roommates dialects are difficult to understand. （ B） His roommates come back to the dormitory at midnight. （ C） He quarreled with his roommates last night. （ D） He cant fall asleep due to his roommates chatting. （ A） There will usually be a
7、 cold war after a quarrel. （ B） There should be clear duty divisions between roommates. （ C） Roommates should be careful with complaints. （ D） Roommates should remind each other about their duties. （ A） Ignoring the problem to avoid causing anything unpleasant. （ B） Trying to find a roommate who is
8、considerate and careful. （ C） Being tolerant and understanding each others shortcomings. （ D） Having a quarrel with your roommate with offensive words. （ A） A summer holiday shes been longing for. （ B） A research project that might interest her. （ C） A job she will take after graduation. （ D） A grad
9、uation speech shes going to deliver. （ A） They are being well protected by humans. （ B） They are offered more food by tourists. （ C） They are physically adapted to the harsh winter. （ D） They are enabled by the paths to find more food. （ A） They may attack human beings in the farm. （ B） They caused
10、abortion of farm animals. （ C） They destroy the farm crops. （ D） They have valuable furs and meat. （ A） Because she is well-informed with red foxes. （ B） Because she once visited the red fox national park. （ C） Because she majors in animal disease prevention. （ D） Because shes been conducting releva
11、nt researches. Section B （ A） They gave their children post-game meals. （ B） They provide enough nutrition for their children. （ C） They usually visit their children after the games. （ D） They were interested in the childrens sports activities. （ A） To provide enough nutrition. （ B） To supplement th
12、e body. （ C） To meet their growing need. （ D） To make them grow faster. （ A） It makes them less active. （ B） It makes them less healthy. （ C） It makes them fatter and fatter. （ D） It makes them lazier than before. （ A） They should give them enough food. （ B） They should give them healthy food. （ C）
13、They should advise their children to have healthy meals. （ D） They should advise their children to have more meals. （ A） To express their religious belief and activities. （ B） To memorize the important people in their life. （ C） To describe their daily life vividly. （ D） To symbolize objects, concep
14、ts and sounds. （ A） It was complicated because of the pictures magic power. （ B） It was a weird language which only a few people understood. （ C） It was more relevant to pictures than to Egyptian words. （ D） It was used by certain people who understood the magic power. （ A） The Egyptian alphabet. （
15、B） The Greek alphabet. （ C） The Roman alphabet. （ D） The Mediterranean alphabet. （ A） They made tools with special instruments. （ B） They made tools out of wood first. （ C） They made tools out of animal skin. （ D） They made tools out of stones first. （ A） Stone chips have been used for thousands of
16、years. （ B） Silicon chips have been used for hundreds of years. （ C） Stone chips have changed peoples life dramatically. （ D） Silicon chips have changed peoples life dramatically. （ A） An introduction to two kinds of tools. （ B） The origin of the silicon chips. （ C） The way ancient people made tools
17、. （ D） The changes brought about by tools. Section C 26 Youve been working out regularly for quite a while, but youre nowhere near your fitness goals. So now its time to bring your【 B1】 _weapon in your mind. Rather than thinking of fitness as something【 B2】 _that you do with your body, take an analy
18、tical, goal-oriented approach to make physical【 B3】 _that stick. Try these tips for creating a smart fitness plan: Define your goals. Whether its to lose fat or【 B4】_, its vital to have a goal to work toward. Knowing where youre going makes it easier to take the right steps. Get【 B5】 _. Training gai
19、ns are met through consistent effort over a period of time. Dont expect【 B6】 _, overnight results. Reward yourself for all the little positive steps you take and for consistently striving forward. Be yourself. Work toward a goal that you can achieve with your body. Dont try to change your basic shap
20、e or to go against your own unique physical capabilities.【 B7】 _at yourself, then work toward enhancing what youve got rather than trying to attain someone elses body. 【 B8】 _your weaknesses, then use your brain to defeat them. Many people avoid their weak points or bad habits, hoping that they can
21、ignore them. Instead, take them up as【 B9】 _to how you can improve. Keep a food and fitness journal for a month. Then analyze it for negative patterns. If you always overeat late at night, try going to a late-night movie to【 B10】 _food. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】
22、34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 The point of factory farming is cheap meat, made possible by confining large numbers of animals in small spaces. Perhaps the greatest hidden cost is its potential effect on human health. Small doses of antibiotics(抗生素 ) too small to kill bacteria are【 C1】 _to
23、 factory farm animals as part of their【 C2】 _diet to promote growth and cancel the risks of overcrowding. What factory farms are really raising is antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which means that several classes of antibiotics no longer work the way they should in humans. We pay for cheap meat by【 C3
24、】 _some of the most important drugs ever developed. Last week, the Natural Resources Defense Council, joined by other advocacy groups, sued the Food and Drug Administration to【 C4】 _it to end the use of penicillin(盘尼西林 )and tetracycline(四环素 )not for curing diseases in farm animals. Vets would still
25、be able to treat sick animals with these drugs but could not【 C5】 _add the drugs to their diets. For years, the F. D. A. has had the scientific studies and the【 C6】 _to ban these drugs. But it has always bowed to【 C7】 _from the farm lobbies, despite the well-founded【 C8】 _of groups like the American
26、 Medical Association and the World Health Organization, which support an antibiotic ban. It is time for the F. D. A. to stop corporate factory farms from wasting【 C9】_drugs just to promote growth among animals confined in conditions that inherently create the risk of disease. The F. D. A. can change
27、 that by honoring its own scientific conclusions and its legislative obligation to end its【 C10】 _of unsafe drug uses. A)approval I)objections B)authority J)pressure C)compel K)regular D)compulsively L)routinely E)demand M)sacrificing F)fed N)support G)initiating O)valuable H)investigation 37 【 C1】
28、38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 How to Reinvent College Rankings: Show the Data Students Need Most A)All rankings are misleading and biased(有偏见的 ). But theyre also the only way to pick a school. Ive heard those exact words dozens of time
29、s and inferred their sentiment hundreds more. They undoubtedly were a major contributing factor in the 250,000 applications to the top colleges this past year. With only 14,000 chances available, there will be a lot of disappointed families when decisions are announced in a few days. For 30 years, I
30、ve co-authored bestselling books and provocative articles about how to improve ones chances of being accepted at a “top“ college. B)The first edition of our book Getting In! revealed what went on behind the admission committees closed doors, and introduced the concepts of packaging and positioning t
31、o the college-application vocabulary. The newest edition adapts the same principles to the digital age. But the core message remains: good colleges are not looking for the well-rounded kid theyre looking to put together the well-rounded class. C)What were revelations in 1983 are common knowledge tod
32、ay at least among college-bound students, parents, and counselors. They also dont have to be told that the odds of getting into a “highly selective“ school are ridiculously low. Brown and Dartmouth will each accept about 9 percent of applicants; Cornell, Northwestern, and Georgetown about 16 percent
33、. And Harvard, Yale, and Stanford? Forget about it: less than 7 percent! D)Wanting to attend a “name“ school isnt illogical. And there is nothing illogical in parents wanting a better return on their investment. A colleges brand value whether that schools name will be recognized and open employers d
34、oor. E)Colleges, counselors, and parents talk a lot about finding the right “fit“ between a school and a student. In reality, the process is dominated by reputation. The problem is that college reputations have been controlled by rankings. Far too many “highly ranked“ colleges are gaming the ranking
35、s and trying to attract more and more applicants when the particular college is actually a poor “fit“ for many of the kids applying. Colleges want to attract and reject more kids because that “selectivity“ improves the institutions ranking. College presidents publicly complain there are too many col
36、lege rankings. Privately, they admit they have to provide the data that feed that maw(大胃口 ). They cant afford to be left off a rankings list. The real losers in this system are students and their parents. A bad fit is costly, not just in dollars, but in time, energy, and psychological well-being. F)
37、The emphasis should be on finding the right fit. But finding the right fit is not easy. Subjective guidebooks like Edward Fiskes originally titled The New York Times Selective Guide to Colleges are very useful and consciously do not include rankings. Ted changed his three-category rating system to m
38、ake it more difficult to simply add “stars“ and rank-list colleges. Even families who can afford to visit lots of colleges and endure the backward-walking tours find that campus personalities soon blur in their memory. G)Thus it is not surprising that anxious, busy parents turn to rankings for short
39、hand comfort. Unfortunately, the data that U. S. News and other media companies are collecting are largely irrelevant. As a result, the rankings they generate are not meaningless, just misleading. Some examples: U. S. News places a good deal of emphasis on the percentage of faculty who hold a “termi
40、nal degree“ typically a Ph. D. Unfortunately, a terminal degree does not correlate(相关的 )in any way with whether that professor is a good teacher. It also doesnt improve that professors accessibility to students. In fact, there is usually such a correlation; the more senior the professor, the less ti
41、me they have for undergraduates. H)U.S. News second most heavily weighted factor after a colleges six-year graduation rate is a peer assessment of colleges by college presidents and admissions deans. You read that right; administrators are asked to evaluate colleges that are competitive with their o
42、wn school. If not an complete conflict of interest, this measure is highly suspect. I)Even some seemingly reasonable “inputs“ are often meaningless. U. S. News heavily weights the number of classes with fewer than 20 students. But small classes are like comfort food: it is what high-school kids are
43、familiar with. They have never sat in a large lecture hall with a very interesting speaker. So it is not something they could look forward or value. J)While most rankings suffer from major problems in criteria(标准 )and inputs, the biggest problem is simpler; all the ranking systems use weightings tha
44、t reflect the editors personal biases. Very simply, some editors priorities are undoubtedly going be different from what is important to me. Assuredly, my preferences are different from my kids. And both will differ markedly from our neighbors objectives. K)Colleges say they truly want to attract ki
45、ds for whom the school will be a good fit. To make good on that promise, colleges need to provide families with insight, not just information; and they need to focus on outputs, not just inputs. Collecting and sharing four sets of very different data would be a good start: Better insight into the qu
46、ality of education a student will get on that campus. Colleges need to share the exam scores for all students applying to medical school, law school, business school, and graduate programs. These tests reflect not just the ability of the kids whove gone to that college, but what theyve learned in th
47、e three-plus years theyve attended. Colleges need to assess a campus “happiness“ coefficient(系数 ). A happy campus is a more productive learning environment; and one that has a lower incidence of alcohol and drug abuse. The full debt that families incur(招致 ); not just student debt. The salaries of gr
48、aduates one, five, and 10 years after graduation. L)A fifth useful metric is what employers both nationally and regionally think of graduates from particular colleges. Hiring preferences are a useful proxy(代表 )for reputation. M)The last piece in enabling families to find a better fit will come from
49、entrepreneurs. Some smart “kid“ will develop an online tool that will allow students and parents to take this new college-reported data and assign weighting factors to the characteristics that are important to them. The tool would then generate a customized ranking of colleges that reflects the familys priorities not some editors. N)Colleges may complain about the rankings, but they are complicit(串通一气的 )in keeping them.
