1、2005年 MBA（英语）真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Section II Cloze Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choices the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 A few decades ago, the world banking community invented new Electronic Funds Transf
2、er (EFT) systems to move money more efficiently across countries and around the globe. The【 1】 benefit of such systems was to【 2】 the float of capital that was unavailable for use【 3】 checks were being cleared through banking【 4】 Today, we understand that the benefits of electronic banking are far m
3、ore【 5】 than just reducing floating cash. The entire world of banking【 6】 revolutionized. It is【 7】 more efficient and faster, but also more global. And now【 8】 the Internet, EFT systems are increasingly【 9】 with the new world of e-commerce and e-trade. 【 10】 1997 and 2003, EFT value【 11】 from less
4、than $50 trillion to nearly $400 trillion, more than the【 12】 economic product of all the countries and territories of the entire world. These statistics【 13】 should emphasize the true importance of transnational EFT. Satellite, wireless, and cable-based electronic fund transfers【 14】the hub of glob
5、al enterprise. Such electronic cash is【 15】 central to the idea of an emerging “worldwide mind“. Without the satellite and fiber infrastructure to support the flow of electronic funds, the world economy would grind to a halt. （ A） hiding （ B） getting （ C） driving （ D） giving （ A） introduce （ B） redu
6、ce （ C） produce （ D） increase （ A） which （ B） that （ C） while （ D） where （ A） mechanics （ B） methods （ C） procedures （ D） systems （ A） extensive （ B） intensive （ C） profound （ D） great （ A） is （ B） has （ C） has been （ D） had been （ A） far （ B） even （ C） just （ D） not only （ A） with （ B） by （ C） for
7、（ D） on （ A） linked （ B） integrated （ C） controlled （ D） joined （ A） Between （ B） In （ C） From （ D） Among （ A） decreased （ B） raised （ C） elevated （ D） soared （ A） gross （ B） accelerated （ C） combined （ D） collective （ A） lonely （ B） alone （ C） only （ D） merely （ A） present （ B） represent （ C） reser
8、ve （ D） comprehend （ A） so （ B） nevertheless （ C） thereafter （ D） therefore 二、 Section III Reading Comprehension Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 15 Working at nonstandard times-evenin
9、gs, nights, or weekendsis taking its toll on American families. One-fifth of all employed Americans work variable or rotating shifts, and one- third work weekends, according to Harriet B Presser, sociology professor at the University of Maryland. The result is stress on familial relationships, which
10、 is likely to continue in coming decades. The consequences of working irregular hours vary according to gender, economic level, and whether or not children are involved. Single mothers are more likely to work nights and weekends than married mothers. Women in clerical, sales, or other low-paying job
11、s participate disproportionately in working late and graveyard shifts. Married-couple households with children are increasingly becoming dual-earner households, generating more split-shift couples. School-aged children, however, may benefit from parents nonstandard work schedules because of the grea
12、ter likelihood that a parent will be home before or after school. On the other hand, a correlation exists between nonstandard work schedules and both marital instability and a decline in the quality of marriages. Nonstandard working hours mean families spend less time together for dinner but more ti
13、me together for breakfast. One-on-one interaction between parents and children varies, however, based on parent, shift, and age of children. There is also a greater reliance on child care by relatives and by professional providers. Working nonstandard hours is less a choice of employees and more a m
14、andate of employers. Presser believes that the need for swing shifts and weekend work will continue to rise in the coming decades. She reports that in some European countries there are substantial salary premiums for employees working irregular hourssometimes as much as 50% higher. The convenience o
15、f having services available 24 hours a day continues to drive this trend. Unfortunately, says Presser, the issue is virtually absent from public discourse. She emphasizes the need for focused studies on costs and benefits of working odd hours, the physical and emotional health of people working nigh
16、ts and weekends, and the reasons behind the necessity for working these hours. “Nonstandard work schedules not only are highly prevalent among American families but also generate a level of complexity in family functioning that needs greater attention,“ she says. 16 Which of the following demonstrat
17、es that working at nonstandard times is taking its toll on American families? （ A） Stress on familial relationships. （ B） Rotating shifts. （ C） Evenings, nights, or weekends. （ D） Its consequences. 17 Which of the following is affected most by working irregular hours? （ A） Children. （ B） Marriage. （
18、 C） Single mothers. （ D） Working women. 18 Who would be in favor of the practice of working nonstandard hours? （ A） Children. （ B） Parents. （ C） Employees. （ D） Professional child providers. 19 It is implied that the consequences of nonstandard work schedules are_. （ A） emphasized （ B） absent （ C） n
19、eglected （ D） prevalent 20 What is the authors attitude towards working irregular hours? （ A） Positive. （ B） Negative. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） Objective. 20 Most human beings actually decide before they think. When any human being executive, specialized expert, or person in the streetencounters a com
20、plex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action? Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how intelligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities,
21、possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themselves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support
22、 for it. A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the part of the “losing“ faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesnt end when the meeting ends. Anger, rese
23、ntment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings. There is a better way. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, “It isnt who is right, but what is right, that counts. “ The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative
24、decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology, the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, its possible to create a leve
25、l of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match. The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isnt possible or necessary for a president or pr
26、ime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting, its possible to organize the experts information to give the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group ; its a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision mak
27、ers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions. 21 From the first paragraph we can learn that_. （ A） executive, specialized expert, are no more clever than person in the street （ B） very few people decide before they think （ C） those who pride
28、 themselves on being decisive often fail to do so （ D） people tend to consider carefully before making decisions 22 Judging from the context, what does the word “them“ (Line 4, Para. 2) refer to? （ A） Decision makers. （ B） The “losing“ faction. （ C） Anger, resentment, and jealousy. （ D） Other people
29、. 23 Aldous Huxleys remark (Para. 3 ) implies that_. （ A） there is a subtle difference between right and wrong （ B） we cannot tell who is right and what is wrong （ C） what is right is more important than who is right （ D） what is right accounts for the question who is right 24 According to the autho
30、r, the function of the structured-inquiry method is_. （ A） to make decision by debate （ B） to apply the Internet and wireless computer technology （ C） to brake on the thinking process, slowing it down （ D） to create a level of conceptual clarity 25 The structured-inquiry process can be useful for_.
31、（ A） decision makers （ B） intelligence analysis meeting （ C） the experts information （ D） marketing focus groups 25 Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. The spectator (the te
32、levision audience) will be the priority(优先 ) and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business. The new technologies will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones w
33、ho decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose. The review Sports Illustrated recently published a full profile of the lif
34、e of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century. It explained that the consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present; they could watch from the trainers b
35、ench, from the stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game. And at their disposal will be the same options the producer of the recorded programme has: to select replays, to choose which camera to use and to decide on the soun
36、d whether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on. Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies, will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend ma
37、tches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view: while there is more basketball than ever on television, for example, it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever. It is also the argument of these sports executives that television is harming the modest teams.
38、 This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is the law of the market. The great events continually attract larger audiences. The world is being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and, in their home
39、, have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world. The most visionary executives go further. Their philosophy is： rather than see television take over sport, why not have sports taken over television? 26 What does the writer mea
40、n by the use of the phrase “an indissoluble marriage“ in the first paragraph? （ A） Sport is combined with television. （ B） Sport controls television. （ C） Television dictates sport. （ D） Sport and television will go their own ways. 27 What does “they“ in line 2, paragraph 2 stand for? （ A） broadcast
41、s （ B） channels （ C） spectators （ D） technologies 28 How do many sports executives feel with the new technologies? （ A） They are too old to do anything. （ B） They feel ill at ease. （ C） They feel completely at home. （ D） Technologies can go hand in hand with sports. 29 What is going to be discussed
42、in the following paragraphs? （ A） The philosophy of visionary executives. （ B） The process of television taking over sport. （ C） Television coverage expansion. （ D） An example to show how sport has taken over television. 30 What might be the appropriate title of this passage? （ A） The arguments of s
43、ports executives. （ B） The philosophy of visionary executives. （ C） Sport and television in the 21 century. （ D） Sport： a business. 30 Convenience food helps companies by creating growth; but what is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilisation, the microwave
44、 is the last enemy. The communion(共享 ) of eating together is easily broken by a device that liberates household citizens from waiting for mealtimes. The first great revolution in the history of food is in danger of being undone, The companionship of the campfire, cooking pot and common table, which
45、have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150, 000 years, could be destroyed. Meals have certainly suffered from the rise of convenience food. The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of
46、 the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the days first meal has all but disappeared. In the 20th century the leisure British breakfast was undermined by the cornflake; in the 21st breakfast is vanishing altogether, a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar. Convenience foo
47、d has also made people forget how to cook. One of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is that, while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13 minutes a day in 2002, the number of books and television programmes on cooking has multiplied. But perhaps thi
48、s isnt a paradox. Maybe it is because people cant cook any more, so they need to be told how to do it. Or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbiesgolf, yachtingnot about chores. Cooking has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby. Although everybody lives in the kitchen, its facilities
49、 are increasingly for display rather than for use. Mr. Silversteins new book, Trading Up, looks at mid-range consumers willingness to splash out. He says that industrial-style Viking cooktpos, with nearly twice the heat output of other ranges, have helped to push the “kitchen as theatre“ trend in home goods. They cost from $1,000 to $9, 000 Some 75% of them are never used. Convenience also has an impact on the healthiness, or otherwise, of food. Of course, there is nothing bad about ready-to-eat food itself. You dont get much heal
