1、考研英语模拟试卷 139及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 It has been a hundred years since the last big one in California, the 1906 San Francisco earth quake, which helped give (1)_ to mod
2、em earthquake science. A century later, we have a highly successful (2)_, called plate tectonics, that explains why 1906-type earthquakes happen along with why continents drift, mountains rise, and volcanoes (3)_ the Pacific Rim. Plate tectonics may be one of the (4)_ triumphs of the human mind, geo
3、logys (5)_ to biologys theory of evolution. And yet scientists still cant say when an earthquake will happen. They cant even come (6)_. What scientists can do right now is make good maps of fault zones and (7)_ out which ones are probably due (8)_ a rupture. And they can make forecasts. A forecast m
4、ight say that, over a certain number of years, there is a certain (9)_ of a certain magnitude earthquake in a (10)_ spot. And that you should fix your house to its foundation and glue the water heater to the wall. Turning forecasts into predictions “a magnitude 7 earthquake is (11)_ here three days
5、from now“ may be impossible, but scientists are doing everything they can to solve the (12)_ of earth quakes. They break rocks in laboratories, studying how stone (13)_ under stress. They hike (14)_ ghost forests where dead trees (15)_ of long-ago tsunamis. They make maps of unsecured, balanced rock
6、s to see where the ground has (16)_ in the past and how hard. They dig ditches across faults, searching for the active trace. They have wired up fault zones with so many sensors it is (17)_ the Earth is a patient (18)_ intensive care. (19)_, we tell ourselves trying hard to be persuasive there must
7、be some way to (20)_ order and criterion on all that untrustworthy ground. （ A） birth （ B） rise （ C） ground （ D） way （ A） impression （ B） conception （ C） judgment （ D） theory （ A） range （ B） neighbor （ C） line （ D） border （ A） signature （ B） signal （ C） significance （ D） signification （ A） response
8、（ B） reply （ C） retort （ D） answer （ A） near （ B） tight （ C） nearby （ D） close （ A） count （ B） put （ C） figure （ D） lay （ A） to （ B） for （ C） in （ D） of （ A） feasibility （ B） likelihood （ C） likeness （ D） assumption （ A） given （ B） taken （ C） extended （ D） engaged （ A） expected （ B） remained （ C） we
9、lcomed （ D） reserved （ A） myths （ B） secrets （ C） mysteries （ D） puzzles （ A） behaves （ B） performs （ C） presents （ D） treats （ A） by （ B） across （ C） through （ D） among （ A） tell （ B） speak （ C） say （ D） talk （ A） quivered （ B） shivered （ C） trembled （ D） shaken （ A） even if （ B） as though （ C） in
10、general （ D） so that （ A） with （ B） in （ C） at （ D） over （ A） Surely （ B） Instead （ C） However （ D） Additionally （ A） compose （ B） expose （ C） impose （ D） oppose Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 The clock
11、tower looks out over a 38-hectare campus graced by an ornamental lake and a pillared central hall. Add a little ivy and it could be almost any respected seat of learning in the West. Only the hemisphere is wrong. This is Ningbo campus of Nottingham University in Chinas Zhejiang province, half a worl
12、d away from its British home. Teaching is in English, the first language of the staff. Last year the college, a joint venture with a Chinese enterprise, opened its doors to 900 local students looking for an international education without leaving home. Within five years their numbers are forecast to
13、 reach 4,000. Say Nottingham University provost Ina Gow: “Why go all the way to Britain when you can study in China at half the price?“ Good question. International education is now a global industry worth $30 billion a year, with some 2 million students studying abroad, a figure thats forecast to t
14、reble by 2020. In particular, the surging economies of India and China are producing far more would-be graduates than their own colleges can accommodate. But preferences are changing fast as thrifty students give up their traditional favorites in the West and choose to stay closer to home. That mean
15、s a change in strategy for recruit-hungry colleges and governments. Says Andreas Schleicher, an education expert at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, “The real international dimension is that we no longer move students around the world; we move the providers and contents ins
16、tead.“ It doesnt take a Ph. D to spot the trends. The United States still attracts more than a quarter of all overseas students, but its market share is slipping. Britain, in the second slot, saw the number of applicants from China dip by 20 percent last year. Factors include expense and tighter ent
17、ry regulation. The United States last year relaxed some of its controls but not before losing some of the rich student business from the Middle East. British universities are complaining loudly at the governments decision to double the price of a student visa. The big beneficiaries are back in the E
18、ast, close to home for Indian and Chinese students. With generous state help, Australian colleges now attract 9 percent of overseas students, after a decade of double-digit increases. Australians goal: 560, 000 foreign students almost three times todays figure by 2025, with Asians accounting for som
19、e 70 percent of the total. Whats good for the colleges is also good for the national accounts. International education now ranks as Australias fourth largest source of export dollars after coal, tourism and iron ore. 21 We can infer that the key feature of Ningbo campus of Nottingham University is t
20、hat （ A） it has a western style campus. （ B） it charges half the price of Nottingham University. （ C） it provides similar education as in Nottingham. （ D） it is a joint venture with a Chinese enterprise. 22 Students choose to stay closer to home mainly because of （ A） their fear of homesickness. （ B
21、） the surging economy of their home country. （ C） the changing pattern of world education. （ D） their personal economic reason. 23 According to Andreas Schleicher, the trends of education is that （ A） students will choose to study in their own country. （ B） Western countries still have strong attrac
22、tion for students. （ C） Australia will surpass the U.S. and Britain in the market share. （ D） Universities will be more active in suiting the needs of students. 24 What has happened to the U.S. and Britain in terms of overseas students? （ A） The U.S. stays firmly as No. 1 choice for students. （ B） B
23、ritain raised by 20 percent its overseas students last year. （ C） Both countries forecast a rise in the student number. （ D） Both countries are losing their market share. 25 What can we infer from the last paragraph? （ A） Australia might become No. 1 in international education. （ B） Australia will c
24、ontinue to benefit from international education. （ C） Student number in Australia is forecast to treble by 2020. （ D） Australia will become the first choice for Asians. 26 Jeffrey Sachs is a macroeconomist by training, an expert in the vagaries of business cycles and international finance. But give
25、the man l0 minutes onstage, and a scholarly symposium starts to feel like a revival meeting. “Let me take you to Malawi,“ he urges a typical audience, leaning into the microphone and lowering his voice. Like most countries in southern Africa, Malawi has Seen ravaged by AIDS for two decades. One adul
26、t in seven is HIV-positive, and some 2 million children have been orphaned. But instead of hurling numbers at his listeners, Sachs transports them to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, a site he visited this year while traveling with the rock star Bono. At one end of the facility is a sma
27、ll outpatient clinic where people who can pay $1 a day receive life-sustaining AIDS drugs. “They take the medicine and they get better,“ Sachs declares. “They return to work. They go back to care for their children.“ Unfortunately, $1 a day is nearly twice what a typical Malawian lives on. So most A
28、IDS patients end up in wards like the one just down the hall from the outpatient clinic. “ladies and gentlemen“, Sachs tells the now hushed hall, “this plague is exploding. Its consequences will make the world quake. Rich countries could stop the devastation. And most are still looking away.“ Sachs
29、is not the first to sound this alarm, but he speaks with special authority. As the newly appointed director of Columbia Universitys Earth Institute, he heads a huge, interdisciplinary effort to help poor countries build sustainable economies. Instead of treating climate change, epidemic disease and
30、social upheaval as distinct phenomena, the institutes 800 scientists study the links among such problems and work to translate their insights into action. Sachs also chairs blue-ribbon panels for the World Health Organization, advises U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan on development issues and circl
31、es the globe pleading with policymakers to support the Global Fund to Fight AIDS. In the coming year hell help seed new treatment-and-prevention programs throughout Asia and Africa. From Sachss perspective, controlling AIDS is not only a moral imperative but also a practical necessity. As he is fore
32、ver trying to convince political leaders, disease can perpetuate poverty, ruin economies and undermine civic order. As a Sachs-led WHO commission concluded last year, “The burden of disease in some low-income regions.stands as a barrier to economic growth and must be addressed frontally and centrall
33、y in any comprehensive development strategy.“ As a group, the worlds richest countries now spend just $6 billion a year in health-related development assistance. The Sachs commission concluded that by raising the commitment to $27 billion by 2007 and $38 billion by 2015, we would save 8 million live
34、s every year while improving a third of the worlds prospects for prosperity. 26 Jeffrey Sachs is now devoted to （ A） the training of macroeconomists. （ B） international finance. （ C） symposiums and conferences. （ D） the fund raising work for poor countries. 27 Jeffrey Sachs described the situation i
35、n Malawi in order to （ A） give examples of the poor condition in Malawi. （ B） criticize the $1 price of the drugs. （ C） appeal to the audiences symphathy. （ D） show his sympathy to Malawian people. 28 According to the text, sustainable economy （ A） focuses on soil, climate, disease and so on respect
36、ively. （ B） takes all problems into consideration and acts accordingly. （ C） is only possible after all epidemic diseases were eradicated. （ D） is far from the reach of the poor countries, 29 The author made a list of Sachss positions to show that （ A） Sachs is able to offer great help in solving th
37、e present problems. （ B） Sachs is excellent both in academy and politics. （ C） Sachs is a widely-recognized expert. （ D） Sachs is the example for the readers to follow. 30 An immediate and effective action that Sachs-led commission took is to （ A） make comments on related issues. （ B） urge rich coun
38、tries to offer help to poor countries. （ C） scud doctors to the poor countries. （ D） criticize the richest countries. 31 Can anyone compete with Microsoft in the world of software applications? For years now, Bill Gates it was unabashedly for-profit and was closed-source. But Kapor always had his he
39、art in the counterculture, and after leaving his company he co-founded the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a cyber-rights organization. Though he has seen success as an investor, he feels strongly about the open-source movement, which posits that in the age of complex software many people working fo
40、r nothing can duplicate or even exceed the efforts of the rake-in-the-bucks gang. And because the source code is available to all, anyone can improve the product. The continued success of the Linux-powered operating system and Apache Web servers shows that open source is no wild dream, but a serious
41、 challenge to the establishment. Sometime next year the OSAF will begin testing its first product, a personal-information manager that directly takes on Microsofts Outlook. Named after the famous mystery novelist, Chandler will run on Mac, Windows and Linux, be loaded with clever features and allow
42、users to share information with others on things like calendar entries. And, of course, it will be free. Kapor has signed up an all-star team, including Lou Montulli (Netscape Navigator browser) and programming legend Andy Hertzfeld. Also participating: thousands of volunteers who believe in the bar
43、n-raising spirit of the open-source movement. Ultimately, Kapor hopes the project will be self-supporting, with money coming from corporate sponsorships, foundations and licensing fees. For the immediate future, Kapor thinks that Chandler will be simply another alternative in the shadow of the giant
44、. But long term, the OSAF sees a sea change in the industry itself. “If Chandler works, I cant see why we couldnt do a word processor or a spreadsheet,“ says Kapor. After all, he predicts, “in 10 years Office and Windows will be commodities.“ Meaning that the Open Source Applications Foundation, or
45、anyone else, will be able to plug its products including an operating sys tem-into your computing world. Microsofts will cost money. The others will be free. If Kapor has his way, its a long good-bye for Microsofts dominance. 31 Microsoft company in the software world （ A） has taken a firm monopoly.
46、 （ B） controlled all the innovation. （ C） has no competitors. （ D） developed the best software. 32 Kapors purpose of funding OSAF is to （ A） develop a subsidiary for Lotus Development Corp. （ B） unabashedly earn great profit. （ C） popularize new software free of charge. （ D） depart from Lotus Develo
47、pment Corp. 33 The open-source movement is based on the idea that （ A） counterculture is important. （ B） everyone can contribute in creating better software. （ C） experts can improve a software. （ D） it can be a challenge to the conventions. 34 Based on the passage, it can be predicted that Chandler
48、 （ A） will run on Mac, Windows and Linux. （ B） will be welcomed by many people. （ C） will be loaded with clever features. （ D） will be a great success in business. 35 What does the author think of the OSAF? （ A） it will only provide alternative software. （ B） it will develop into another Microsoft.
49、（ C） it will end the Monopoly of Microsoft. （ D） it will become commodities, 36 Business travelers used to be the cash cows of the hotel business. Armed with corporate credit cards and expense accounts, theyd happily lay down hundreds of dollars per night for the privilege of a Godiva chocolate on their pillow and a sunken whirlpool tub in their bathroom. But just as pro longed corporate belt tightening has forced road warriors to use budget airlines, more and more of
