1、考研英语模拟试卷 206及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Alan “Ace“ Greenberg chose his nickname to improve his chances with girls at the University of Missouri. But it is an apt (1)_ of h
2、is wading skills on Wall Street. This week, as the 73-year-old (2)_ down (3)_ chairman of Bear Stearns, the investment bank where he has worked since 1949 is in a high. It (4)_ an increase in post-tax profits in the second quarter of 43% on a year earlier, (5)_ a time when many of its Wall Street ri
3、vals have (6)_. On June 26th Merrill Lynch (7)_ a warning that its profits in the second quarter would fall by half, far (8)_ of expectations. Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley have also reported lower profits. Strange that this surprised. (9)_ Alan Greenspans frenetic cuts (10)_ interest rates, time
4、s are good for underwriters and waders of bonds, core activities for Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers, (11)_ also recorded a sharp increase in profits. It has been a terrible (12)_ for equity underwriters and for advisers on the small amounts of mergers and acquisitions (M A) this year. Merrill, Gol
5、dman and Morgan Stanley are three of the investment banks that gained (13)_ during the boom in equity and M A business, and they are now (14)_ the most. Of the three, Merrill is weakest in bonds. It cut (15)_ its fixed-income activities after the collapse of Lung-Term Capital Management (LTCM) in 19
6、98. As it happens, both Bear Stearns and Lehman have long been criticised for their weakness in equities. Mr. Greenberg is famous for worrying about even the price of a paper-clip at Bear Stearns. This used to seem terribly (16)_,but these days other Wall Street firms are (17)_ about costs. Lay-offs
7、 are (18)_ though not yet alarmingly not least, because banks saw how Merrill Lynch lost (19)_ when the markets rebounded quickly after the LTCM crisis. Still, if few (20)_ of improvement show soon, expect real blood-letting on Wall Street. （ A） cover （ B） encapsulation （ C） jacket （ D） shell （ A） g
8、oes （ B） comes （ C） strides （ D） steps （ A） be （ B） being （ C） as （ D） to be （ A） recorded （ B） logged （ C） chronicled （ D） noted （ A） during （ B） at （ C） on （ D） in （ A） stumbled （ B） slip （ C） blundered （ D） crept （ A） delivered （ B） distributed （ C） conveyed （ D） issued （ A） out （ B） lacking （ C）
9、 lack （ D） short （ A） Because of （ B） Because （ C） Since （ D） For （ A） at （ B） in （ C） on （ D） upon （ A） who （ B） what （ C） whom （ D） which （ A） time （ B） age （ C） epoch （ D） era （ A） most （ B） much （ C） a lot （ D） a great deal （ A） lost （ B） losing （ C） suffering （ D） suffered （ A） down （ B） back （
10、 C） off （ D） out （ A） unnecessary （ B） unreasonable （ C） unpopular （ D） unfashionable （ A） obsessed （ B） worried （ C） suffered （ D） tormented （ A） decreased （ B） increased （ C） increasing （ D） decreasing （ A） field （ B） ground （ C） future （ D） hope （ A） signals （ B） symbol （ C） signs （ D） symptom Pa
11、rt A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 It is commonly supposed that the health of Long Island Sound is chiefly the responsibility of the shoreline communities in Long Island, Westchester County and Connecticut. Th
12、is is largely true. It is also true, however, that New York City has long been a major contributor to the environmental ills that torture this noblest of American estuaries. The main reason is four old municipal sewage treatment plants on the East River. Every day of every year, these plants deposit
13、 hundreds of thousands of gallons of partly treated wastewater into the river, which then, with tidal certainty, propels the polluted water into the Sound itself The most damaging of the pollutants leaving the plants is nitrogen useful as a fertilizer on land but, in sufficient quantities, fatal to
14、bodies of water like the Sound, where it stimulates the growth of bacteria and algae and robs the water of oxygen. This condition is known as hypoxia, and it suppresses marine life. Roughly half the nitrogen comes from treatment plants and other sources in about 80 shoreline communities, the other h
15、alf comes from the New York City plants. It is thus cause for great celebration that the city agreed last week to settle a longstanding legal action and spend at least $700 million to upgrade these four plants, cutting their nitrogen output by nearly 60 percent by 2017. Audubon New York, a leader am
16、ong the environmental groups that helped shape the agreement and move it forward, when negotiations seemed to falter, called the agreement an historic moment in the struggle to restore the Sound to good health. In retrospect, the most important moment in that struggle the moment from which all else
17、has flowed, including last weeks agreement came m 1994, when New York and Connecticut. after sustained pressure from the federal Environmental Protection Agency, approved a comprehensive plan to clean up the Sound. The citys main responsibility was to modernize its sewage treatment plants. The Giuli
18、ani administration left the bulk of the task to Mayor Michael Bloomberg. Alarmed by the projects estimated $1.3 billion price tag, Mr. Bloomberg dispatched Christopher Ward, then the environmental commissioner, to Europe and elsewhere to find new, more cost-efficient waste treatment technologies. In
19、 due course, Mr. Ward and his counterpart in Albany, Erin Crotty, reached an agreement in principle to reform the plants at well under the original cost. Mr. Ward and Ms. Crotty left public service, but after further debating aimed partly at ensuring that future city administrations could not wiggle
20、 out of the deal, and after further prodding by Attorney General Eliot Spitzer, their successors. Emily Lloyd and Denise Sheehan, brought the matter to a close. This does not mean the Sound is no longer at risk. The Sound passes through the densest population corridor in the country, and will remain
21、 forever stressed by the 20 million people who live within 50 miles of its shores. Thus the shoreline communities in Long Island, Westchester and Connecticut must do more than ever to contain pollution. 21 The following units are responsible for the health of Long Island Sound EXCEPT_. （ A） the shor
22、eline community in Long Island （ B） the shoreline community of Westchester County （ C） the shoreline community of Connecticut （ D） the shoreline community of New York city 22 What is probably the meaning of “falter“(Para.4)? （ A） succeed （ B） finish （ C） stumble （ D） fall 23 According to the text, t
23、he following statements about nitrogen are true EXCEPT_. （ A） nitrogen suppresses marine life （ B） nitrogen is a fertilizer Which helps plants grow （ C） nitrogen in large quantities is fatal to bodies of water （ D） nitrogen can rob water of oxygen 24 The modernization of the sewage treatment plants
24、was finished by_. （ A） Mr. Bloomberg （ B） Emily Lloyd and Denise Sheehan （ C） Mr. Ward （ D） Attorney General Eliot Spitzer 25 Why the author suggests that the shoreline communities do more than ever to solve pollution problem? （ A） Because the agreement has not been reached （ B） Because people livin
25、g along the shoreline will pollute the water. （ C） Because the future city administrations could not wiggle out of the deal. （ D） Because Mr. Ward and Ms. Crotty left public service. 26 Are burgers and fries a product of the profound social changes of the past 50 years, or were they to a large exten
26、t responsible for them? The author of this diatribe against multinational restaurant brands opts for the latter explanation. “There is nothing inevitable about the fast food nation that surrounds us“, he concludes. “The triumph of McDonalds and its imitators was by no means pre-ordained“. But it hap
27、pened nevertheless and in his view, it is to be blamed for many of the evils of modern America and their global spread. The emergence of the corporate colossus, followed inexorably by its deionization, is a familiar pattern in American business history. The modern phenomenon of fast food originated
28、in California just before the Second World War. Its first manifestation was kerb service, with meals delivered to motorists by handsome young carhops. Richard and Maurice McDonald, who ran a drive-in burger bar in San Bernardino near Los Angeles, became tired of having constantly to replace their ca
29、rhops and wash up crockery and dishes. In 1948 they decided to make customers serve themselves, while restricting the menu to items that could be prepared by unskilled cooks and eaten without plates, knives or forks. The McDonald brothers were soon bought out by the entrepreneurial Ray Kroc, who fra
30、nchised their name and techniques so successfully that there is now scarcely a comer of the world that is free from their trademark golden arches, invariably spawning a cluster of rival chains selling hamburgers, pizzas, or fried chicken, handed out by smiling teenagers willing to accept minimal pay
31、. They are cheap, cheerful, popular, and children love them. So just what is Mr. Schlossers beef? Apart from his nutritional reservationstoo much fat, salt and sugar he proves how. as the chains expanded, they were able to dictate terms to the suppliers of potatoes and ground beef, their staple ingr
32、edients. This caused an upheaval in agribusiness, as a few large suppliers quickly forced less efficient producers out of the market. The drive to keep down costs and increase the speed of production led to the employment of cheap unskilled labor and. to the widespread toleration of dangerous and un
33、hygienic practices among growers and processors, which regulatory bodies have failed to police. Mr. Schlosser, who is a skillful and persuasive investigative reporter, sees all this as a damaging corruption of the free market. He is especially angered by promotional techniques aimed at impressionabl
34、e children. A 1997 giveaway of Teenie Beanie Babies increased the sale of McDonalds Happy Meals from 10m a week to 10m a day. And a survey found that 96% of American schoolchildren could identify Ronald McDonald, the chains mascot. Only Santa Claus scored higher. 26 From the example of McDonald the
35、author concludes that_. （ A） the fast food is the great social change of the past 50 years （ B） the success of multinational brands was destined （ C） the corporate deionization contributed to some social changes （ D） McDonald is popular in America 27 The word “kerb service“(Para. 2) equates to_. （ A
36、） restaurants service （ B） motor service （ C） family service （ D） roadside service 28 The author airs Mr. Schlossers opinion in the second paragraph in order to_. （ A） list the nutritional reservation （ B） support the proper terms （ C） ask the police to regulate the productive process （ D） criticize
37、 fast-food for its negative effects 29 Which one of the following aspects of McDonalds does Mr. Schlosser detest most? （ A） nutritional reservation （ B） management model （ C） promotion methods to children （ D） marketing strategy 30 The authors attitude towards McDonald is_. （ A） appreciative （ B） cr
38、itical （ C） indifferent （ D） neutral 31 The number of city schools put on a list for strict scrutiny by the state for poor academic performance went up slightly this year and the number of city schools taken off the list by showing improvement dropped, the states commissioner of education announced
39、yesterday. Ten city schools now at risk of being shut down were added to the list of Schools Under Registration Review, known as SURR, bringing the total in the city m 40. Statewide. 61 schools are under review, said the commissioner, Richard Mills. The addition of 10 city schools reverses what had
40、been a trend in the past few years: the number of schools on the list had been falling. There were 55 schools in 2003, 46 in 2004 and 35 last year, an all-time low. But this year a new factor was at work: The state raised the level of performance required to pass its standards. In addition, 6 of the
41、 10 newly named schools are middle schools and those schools have for years confounded educators by resisting the improvements that have worked in lower grades and even in high schools. Three city schools were removed from the list this year for improvement in academic performance, but that number w
42、as significantly lower than the number removed in each of the past several years. For instance, 16 schools were taken off the list last year. Schools Chancellor Joel I. Klein observed that the number of endangered schools still remains at a near-record low. “Nevertheless, we cannot accept failing pe
43、rformance by any of our schools for any reason“, he said. “If a school proves incapable of providing a high-quality education m our students despite efforts to improve it, it will be closed“. He said 8 of the 40 schools that have been on the list were scheduled m be closed this year and 5 more will
44、be closed next year. The state also expanded its review process for the first time this year m District 75, which covers special education schools, and one District 75 school, Public School 12 in the Bronx, was put on the list. Despite the additions, Mr. Mills said he was pleased. “I think its impre
45、ssive since we have been rinsing the bar“, he said. “The city has essentially been staying ahead of a moving locomotive“. Elsewhere in the state, three schools in Buffalo and two in Syracuse were added to the list. The 10 New York City schools on the list are Legacy School for Integrated Studies in
46、Manhattan; P.S. 220, P.S. 12, Junior High School 123 and Middle School 302 in the Bronx; J.H.S. 265. J.H.S. 57, M.S. 143, Intermediate School 291 and P.S. 12 in Brooklyn. The three schools removed from the list are P.S. 140 in the Bronx. Repertory Company High School in Manhattan and EBC/ENY High Sc
47、hool for Public Safety and Law in Brooklyn. 31 In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_. （ A） posing a contrast （ B） presenting a phenomenon （ C） justifying an assumption （ D） making a comparison 32 From the first 2 paragraphs, we can learn that_. （ A） the present trend is that
48、the number of schools on the list is falling （ B） there are more schools which shake off the bad reputation this year （ C） the trend this year is not the same as that of past few years （ D） the review is not reliable 33 The “new factor“ in the third paragraph refers that_. （ A） more middle schools a
49、re put on the list （ B） the standard of review is higher （ C） schools resist to improve themselves （ D） schools confounded educators for years 34 Schools Chancellors words imply that_. （ A） all the schools on the list should be closed （ B） a schools performance is the only standard of further existence （ C） any school shouldnt find any excuse for themselves （ D） he has the final word 35 From the text we can conclude that the
