1、考研英语模拟试卷 235及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested tha
2、t primitive humans were closer to the animals (1)_ they, too, relied upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans (2)_ a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating (3)_ of a disease or (4)_ the condition of a wound. (5)_ there was so much that primi
3、tive humans did not (6)_ the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component of the beliefs about the causes and cures of heath (7)_. Therefore it is not (8)_ that early humans thought that illness was caused (9)_ evil spirit. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were inva
4、riably used in combination with some form of ritual to (10)_ harmful spirit from a diseased body. One of the earliest (11)_ in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and (12)_ of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocra
5、tes. The writing (13)_ to him has provided a number of principles underlying modern medical practice. One of his most famous (14)_, the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics. Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived from a (15)_ of the natural sci
6、ences and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this (16)_ thesis, On Airs, Water, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human well-being is (17)_ by the totality of environmental (18)_: living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air, and food. (19)_
7、enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are (20)_ very much written in twentieth century. （ A） in that （ B） now that （ C） because （ D） so that （ A） identified （ B） recognized （ C） admitted （ D） esteemed （ A） symbols （ B） signs （ C） symptoms （ D） syndromes （ A） arr
8、anging （ B） adjusting （ C） developing （ D） improving （ A） While （ B） Although （ C） Provided （ D） Since （ A） confirm （ B） appreciate （ C） tolerate （ D） discover （ A） damages （ B） agitation （ C） disorders （ D） collapse （ A） surprising （ B） obvious （ C） promising （ D） unwise （ A） in （ B） by （ C） off （
9、D） up （ A） discharge （ B） exclude （ C） dismiss （ D） expel （ A） expedition （ B） incentives （ C） stimuli （ D） endeavors （ A） foundation （ B） rejection （ C） integration （ D） acceptance （ A） attributed （ B） committed （ C） acknowledged （ D） confined （ A） attractions （ B） subscriptions （ C） thorough （ D）
10、immediate （ A） creation （ B） expectation （ C） perception （ D） preference （ A） durable （ B） classic （ C） thorough （ D） immediate （ A） impressed （ B） surpassed （ C） influenced （ D） regarded （ A） elements （ B） factors （ C） components （ D） deposits （ A） Interesting （ B） Appealing （ C） Demanding （ D） Exa
11、ggerating （ A） even （ B） indeed （ C） still （ D） moreover Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Few people would defend the Victorian attitude to children, but if you were a parent in those days, at least you kn
12、ew where you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. Freud and company did away with all that and parents have been bewildered ever since. The childs happiness is all-important, the psychologists say, but what about the parents happiness? Parents suffer continually from fear and guilt while t
13、heir children gaily romp about pulling the place apart. A good “old-fashioned“ spanking is out of the question: no modern child-rearing manual would permit such barbarity. The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout. Who knows what deep psychological wounds you might inflict? The poor child may
14、 never recover from the dreadful traumatic experience. So it is that parents bend over backwards to avoid giving their children complexes which a hundred years ago hadnt even been heard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive permissiveness of modern parents is surely do
15、ing more harm than good. Psychologists have succeeded in undermining parents confidence in their own authority. And it hasnt taken children long to get wind of the fact. In addition to the great modern classics on child-care, there are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much uns
16、olicited advice flying about, mum and dad just dont know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. $o, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parents lives are regulated according to the needs of their offspring. When the little dears develop into teenagers, they take comple
17、te control. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent rebellion against parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, for instance, parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely spoils the fun. What else can the poor parents do but obey? Children are
18、hardy creatures (far hardier than the psychologists would have us believe) and most of them survive the harmful influence of extreme permissiveness which is the normal condition in the modern household. But a great many do not. The spread of juvenile delinquency in our own age is largely due to pare
19、ntal laxity. Mother, believing that little Johnny can look after himself, is not at home when he returns from school, so little Johnny roams the streets. The dividing-line between permissiveness and sheer negligence is very fine indeed. The psychologists have much to answer for. They should keep the
20、ir mouths shut and let parents get on with the job. And if children are knocked about a little bit in the process, it may not really matter too much. At least this will help them to develop vigorous views of their own and give them something positive to react against. Perhaps theres some truth in th
21、e idea that children who have had a surfeit of happiness in their childhood appear like stodgy puddings and fail to make a success of life. 21 What is implied in the first sentence? （ A） There is no defense for Victorian attitude. （ B） Freud advice leaves children running wild. （ C） Parents cannot b
22、e too strict with their children. （ D） Child-care books prove outdated and harmful. 22 The author asserts that in the face of excessive amounts of child-care literature, parents are （ A） at a loss. （ B） on the alert. （ C） under fire. （ D） in the dark. 23 What does the author wants to illustrate with
23、 Johnny roaming the streets? （ A） An instance of arbitrariness. （ B） A consequence of permissiveness. （ C） A prototype of classics. （ D） An example of irresponsibility. 24 From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that children who enjoy all-important happiness will （ A） stay away from the
24、 harmful influence of extreme permissiveness. （ B） fall victim to deep psychological wounds they experience at childhood. （ C） give full play to the development of the vigorous views of their own. （ D） grow up to be more psychologically immature and irresponsible adults. 25 It seems that the author
25、is most critical of （ A） social educators authority. （ B） children rebellion. （ C） psychologists misguidance. （ D） parents confusion. 26 Thomas Hardys impulses as a writer, all of which indulged in his novels, were numerous and divergent, and they did not always work together in harmony. Hardy was t
26、o some degree interested in exploring his characters psychologies, though impelled less by curiosity than by sympathy. Occasionally he felt the impulse to comedy (in all its detached coldness) as well as the impulse to farce, but he was more often inclined to see tragedy and record it. He was also i
27、nclined to literary realism in the several senses of that phrase; He wanted to describe ordinary human beings. He wanted to speculate on their dilemmas rationally (and, unfortunately even schematically); and he wanted to record precisely the material universe. Finally, he wanted to be more than a re
28、alist. He wanted to transcend what he considered to be the banality of solely recording things exactly and to express as well his awareness of the occult and the strange. In his novels these various impulses were sacrificed to each other inevitably and often inevitably, because Hardy did not care in
29、 the way that novelists such as Flaubert or James learned, and therefore took paths of least resistance. Thus one impulse often surrendered to a fresher one and, unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared. A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give way
30、abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower. In this instance, the new impulse was at least an energetic one. And thus its indulgence did not result in a relaxed style. But on other occasions
31、 Hardy abandoned a perilous risky and highly energizing impulse in favor of what was for him the fatally relaxing impulse to classify and schematize abstractly. When a relaxing impulse was indulged, the stylethat sure index of an authors literary worth was certain to become verbose. Hardys weakness
32、derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. He submitted of first one and then another, and the spirit blew where it listed; hence the unevenness of any one of his
33、novels. His most controlled novel, Under the Greenwood Tree, prominently exhibits two different but reconcilable impulses a desire to be a realist-historian and a desire to be a psychologist of love but the slight interlockings of plot are not enough to bind the two completely together. Thus even th
34、is book splits into two distinct parts. 26 Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content? （ A） Hardys Novelistic Style: A Literary Light. （ B） Hardys Creative Conflict: Rationalism and Realism. （ C） Hardys Achievements: An Ambiguous Triumph. （ D） Hardys N
35、ovelistic Impulses: The Problem of Conflicts. 27 The author mentions Hardys novel “Under the Greenwood Tree“ to justify his comments on （ A） his awareness of profundity. （ B） his contrastive impulses. （ C） his tendency to compromise. （ D） his nonconformist image. 28 Which of the following words coul
36、d best be substituted for “relaxed“ (Paragraph 3) without substantially changing the authors meaning? （ A） Wordy. （ B） Spontaneous. （ C） Concise. （ D） Commonplace. 29 As pointed out in the passage, the exposition of the structure and texture of a flower is a good example of （ A） sensitivity. （ B） ob
37、scurity. （ C） preciseness. （ D） deviation. 30 Concerning literary realism as mentioned in the passage, which of the following would the author be most likely to agree with? （ A） Novelists of literary realism reconcile a compromise in their impulses. （ B） The term “literary realism“ is susceptible to
38、 more than a single definition. （ C） The label of “literary realism“ is too all-inclusive to be clearly specified. （ D） Chances are slim that writers integrate different desires into their works. 31 Never has a straitjacket seemed so ill-fitting or so insecure. The Euro areas “stability and growth p
39、act“ was supposed to stop irresponsible member states running excessive budget deficits, defined as 3% of GDP or more. Chief among the restraints was the threat of large fines if member governments breached the limit for three years in a row. For some time now, no one has seriously believed those re
40、straints would hold. In the early hours of Tuesday November 25th, the Euros fiscal straitjacket finally came apart at the seams. The pacts fate was sealed over an extended dinner meeting of the euro areas 12 finance ministers. They chewed over the sorry fiscal record of the Euros two largest members
41、, France and Germany. Both governments ran deficits of more than 3% of GDP last year and will do so again this year. Both expect to breach the limit for the third time in 2004. Earlier this year the European Commission, which polices the pact, agreed to give both countries an extra year, until 2005,
42、 to bring their deficits back into line. But it also instructed them to revisit their budget plans for 2004 and make extra cuts. France was asked to cut its underlying, cyclically adjusted deficit by a full 1% of GDP, Germany by 0.8%. Both resisted. Under the pacts hales, the commissions prescriptio
43、ns have no force until formally endorsed in a vote by the Euro areas finance ministers, known as the “Euro-group“. And the votes were simply not there. Instead, the Euro-group agreed on a set of proposals of, its own, drawn up by the Italian finance minister, Giulio Tremonti. France will cut its str
44、uctural deficit by 0.8% of GDP next year, Germany by 0.6%. In 2005, both will bring their deficits below 3%, economic growth permitting. Nothing will enforce or guarantee this agreement except France and Germanys word. The European Central Bank (ECB) was alarmed at this outcome, the commission was d
45、ismayed, and the smaller Euro-area countries who opposed the deal were apoplectic: treaty law was giving way to the “Franco, German steamroller“, as Le Figaro, a French newspaper, put it. This seething anger will sour European politics and may spill over into negotiations on a proposed EU constituti
46、on. Having thrown their weight around this week, France and Germany may find other smaller members more reluctant than ever to give ground in the negotiations on the document. Spain opposes the draft constitution because it will give it substantially less voting weight than it currently enjoys. It s
47、ided against France and Germany on Tuesday, and will point to their fiscal transgressions to show that the EUs big countries do not deserve the extra power the proposed constitution will give them. 31 The Euros fiscal straitjacket is mentioned to show （ A） the challenge of large fines. （ B） the brok
48、en limit of GDP. （ C） the restraints of the pact. （ D） the belief of Euros members. 32 Which of the following can best describe the Euro areas finance ministers? （ A） Active but discouraged. （ B） Earnest and powerful. （ C） Cautious but vigorous. （ D） Feeble and vulnerable. 33 According to the text,
49、what annoys the Euro area is that France and Germany refuse to （ A） agree on an EU constitution. （ B） define their GDP as 30/4. （ C） respect Euros finance members. （ D） control their budget deficits. 34 The phrase “Franco-German steamroller“ (Para 3) as used in the text denotes （ A） sudden alarms. （ B） substantial might. （ C） extra efforts. （ D） sheer reluctance. 35 It can be safely concluded from the text that smaller members of the Euro area would become more （
