ASTM D86-2011a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure《大气压下石油产品蒸馏标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D86 11aStandard Test Method forDistillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D86; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distill
3、ation ofpetroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit todetermine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics ofsuch products as light and middle distillates, automotivespark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (seeNote 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels
4、, diesel fuels,biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleumspirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2burner fuels.NOTE 1An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples ofethanol-fu
5、el blends containing 25 v%, 50 v%, and 75 v% ethanol. Theresults indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are compa-rable or within the published repeatability of the method (with theexception of FBP of 75% ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can beconcluded that Test Method D86 i
6、s applicable to ethanol-fuel blends suchas Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends withgreater than 10 v% ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supportingdata.21.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillatefuels; it is not applicable to products containing apprec
7、iablequantities of residual material.1.3 This test method covers both manual and automatedinstruments.1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units areto be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesesare provided for information only.1.5 WARNINGMercury has been designated b
8、y manyregulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, orits vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-ter
9、ial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAswebsitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor addi-tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercuryand/or mercury containing products into your state or countrymay be prohibited by law.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of t
10、hesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and
11、 parties toagreement on this test method are to apply the most recentedition of the standards indicated below, unless otherwisespecified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory ruleswhere earlier versions of the method(s) identified may berequired.2.2 ASTM Standards:3D97 Test Method for Pou
12、r Point of Petroleum ProductsD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Reid Method)D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPe
13、troleum ProductsD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method)D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5798 Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends
14、 for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition EnginesD5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility Measurement1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.08 on Volatility.In
15、 the IP, the equivalent test method is published under the designation IP 123.It is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originallyapproved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D8611. DOI:10.1520/D0086-11A
16、.2Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1694.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informat
17、ion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D5949 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Prod
18、ucts(Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)D5950 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products(Automatic Tilt Method)D5985 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products(Rotational Method)D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and BiasData for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products andLu
19、bricantsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometersE1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylin-dersE1405 Specification for Laboratory Glass DistillationFlasks2.3 Energy Institute Standards:4IP 69 Determination of
20、 Vapour PressureReid MethodIP 123 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of DistillationCharacteristicsIP 394 Determination of Air Saturated Vapour PressureIP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleumand Related Products 1996Appendix A3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 charge volume, nthe vol
21、ume of the specimen, 100mL, charged to the distillation flask at the temperature speci-fied in Table 1.3.1.2 decomposition, nof a hydrocarbon, the pyrolysis orcracking of a molecule yielding smaller molecules with lowerboiling points than the original molecule.3.1.3 decomposition point, nin distilla
22、tion, the correctedtemperature reading that coincides with the first indications ofthermal decomposition of the specimen.3.1.4 dry point, nin distillation, the corrected temperaturereading at the instant the last drop of liquid evaporates from thelowest point in the flask.3.1.5 dynamic holdup, nin D
23、86 distillation, the amount ofmaterial present in the neck of the flask, in the sidearm of theflask, and in the condenser tube during the distillation.3.1.6 emergent stem effect, nthe offset in temperaturereading caused by the use of total immersion mercury-in-glassthermometers in the partial immers
24、ion mode.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn the partial immersion mode, a por-tion of the mercury thread, that is, the emergent portion, is ata lower temperature than the immersed portion, resulting in ashrinkage of the mercury thread and a lower temperaturereading.3.1.7 end point (EP) or final boiling point (FBP
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