1、Designation: D 5048 09Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics andResistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using a125-mm Flame1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5048; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a small-scalelaborato
3、ry procedure for determining the relative burningcharacteristics and the resistance to burn-through of plasticsusing small bar and plaque specimens exposed to a 125-mm(500-W nominal) flame.NOTE 1This test method is equivalent to IEC 60695-11-20.NOTE 2For additional information on comparative burning
4、 character-istics of solid plastics in a vertical position, see Test Method D 3801.1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materialsused for parts in devices and appliances. The results areintended to serve as a preliminary indication of their accept-ability with respect to flammability for
5、 a particular application.The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its usein complete equipment that conforms with the standardsapplicable to such equipment.1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 isintended for quality assurance and the preselection of compo-nent materi
6、als for products.1.4 If found to be appropriate, it is suitable to apply therequirements to other nonmetallic materials. Such applicationis outside the scope of this technical committee.1.5 This test method is not intended to cover plastics whenused as materials for building construction or finishin
7、g.1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by its
8、elfincorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire riskassessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actualfire conditions.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
9、 to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 6.1.1 for aspecific hazard statement.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 3801 Test Method for Measuring the Comparative B
10、urn-ing Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical PositionD 5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used forSmall-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic MaterialsD 5207 Practice for Confirmation of 20mm (50W) and125mm (500W) Test Flames for Small-Scale BurningTests on Plastic MaterialsE 176 Terminolo
11、gy of Fire StandardsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 IEC Standard:3IEC 60695-11-20 Fire Hazard Testing-Part 11-20: TestFlames - 500 W Flame Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor terms relating to plastics, the defini-tions in
12、 this test method are in accordance with TerminologyD 883. For terms relating to fire, the definitions used in this testmethod are in accordance with Terminology E 176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 afterflamepersistence of flaming of a material, afterthe ignition source ha
13、s been removed.3.2.2 afterflame timethe length of time for which amaterial continues to flame, under specified conditions, afterthe ignition source has been removed.3.2.3 afterglowpersistence of glowing of a material, aftercessation of flaming or, if no flaming occurs, after removal ofthe ignition s
14、ource.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 50
15、48 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Publications of the International Electrotechnical Com
16、mission (IEC) areavailable from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4thFloor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19
17、428-2959, United States.3.2.4 afterglow timethe length of time for which a mate-rial continues to glow under specified test conditions, after theignition source has been removed or cessation of flaming, orboth.3.2.5 burn-througha hole produced in the plaque speci-men.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Set
18、s of 13 by 125-mm bar specimens and 150 by150-mm plaque specimens are subjected to a 125-mm flamewith a 40-mm inner blue cone, for five 5-s flame applications.The afterflame plus afterglow time for the bar specimen isrecorded after removal of the fifth flame application. Informa-tion is recorded on
19、whether or not flaming material drips fromthe specimens, and whether or not the plaque specimensexhibit burn-through.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test results represent afterflame plus afterglow time,in seconds, for a material under the conditions of the test. Thetest results for plaques also indi
20、cate whether or not thespecified flame will burn through a material.5.2 The effect of material thickness, colors, additives, dete-rioration, and possible loss of volatile components is measur-able.5.3 The burning characteristics vary with thickness. Com-pare test data with data for materials of simi
21、lar thickness only.5.4 The results serve as a reference for comparing therelative performance of materials and can be an aid in materialselection.5.5 In this test method, the specimens are subjected tospecific laboratory test conditions. If different test conditionsare substituted or the end-use con
22、ditions are changed, it willnot always be possible by or from this test method to predictchanges in the fire-test-response characteristics measured.Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposureconditions described in this test method.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Chamber, enclosure or labo
23、ratory hood with aminimum capacity of 0.75 m3, free of induced or force draftduring test. An enclosed laboratory hood with a heat-resistantglass window and an exhaust fan for removing the products ofcombustion after the tests are recommended. If a draft is notedwith the exhaust fan off, further meas
24、ures are needed toeliminate the draft, such as adding a positive closing damper.The inside surfaces of the chamber shall be of a dark color.When a light meter, facing towards the rear of the chamber, ispositioned in place of the test specimen, the light level shall beless than 20 lx.6.1.1 WarningPro
25、ducts of combustion are toxic. An ex-haust fan is recommended for removing the products ofcombustion immediately after the test.NOTE 3The amount of oxygen available to support combustion isimportant for the conduct of flame tests. When burning times areprolonged, chamber sizes less than 1.0 m3do not
26、 consistently provideaccurate results.NOTE 4Placing a mirror in the hood, to provide a rear view of the testspecimen, has been found useful.6.2 Burner, tirrill type, as described in SpecificationD 5025.6.3 Ring Stand, with a clamp or the equivalent, adjustablefor vertical positioning of bar specimen
27、s and horizontal posi-tioning of plaque specimens.6.4 Gas Supply, a supply of technical-grade methane gaswith suitable regulator and meter for uniform gas flow. Naturalgas having an energy density of approximately 37 mJ/m3(1000Btu/ft3) has been found to provide similar results. However,technical-gra
28、de methane gas shall be used as the referee gas incases of dispute.6.5 Burning Mounting Fixture, a fixture capable of position-ing the burner at an angle of 20 6 2 from the vertical.6.6 Timing Device, accurate to 0.5 s.6.7 Cotton, a supply of absorbent 100 % cotton.6.8 Desiccator, containing anhydro
29、us calcium chloride.6.9 Conditioning Room or Chamber, capable of beingmaintained at 23 6 2C and a relative humidity of 50 6 10 %.6.10 Conditioning Oven, a full-draft circulating air ovencapable of being maintained at 70 6 1C.7. Sampling7.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon, material shall besampled in ac
30、cordance with good statistical practice.8. Test Specimens8.1 The standard bar specimen shall be 13 6 0.5 by 125 65 mm. The standard plaque specimen shall be 150 6 5by1506 5 mm. Bar and plaque specimens shall be in the thicknessappropriate to the objectives of the determination. Do not usethis test m
31、ethod for materials thicker than 13 mm.8.2 Surfaces must be smooth and unbroken. Corner radiusshall not exceed 1.3 mm. After any cutting operation, removeall dust and any particles from the surface; cut edges are tohave a smooth finish.8.3 The results of tests carried out on test specimens ofdiffere
32、nt, colors, thicknesses, densities, molecular masses,directions of anisotropy and types, or with different additives,fillers/reinforcements can be different.8.3.1 Test specimens in the extremes of the densities, meltflows and fillers/reinforcements contents are to be provided andconsidered represent
33、ative of the range, if the results yield thesame flame test classification. If the burning characteristics arenot essentially the same for all specimens representing therange, the evaluation is to be limited only to the materials in thedensities, melt flows, and fillers/reinforcements contents teste
34、d,or additional test specimens in the intermediate densities, meltflows, and fillers/reinforcements contents are to be tested.8.3.2 Uncolored test specimens and test specimens with thehighest level of organic and inorganic pigment loading byweight are considered representative of the color range, if
35、 thetest results are essentially the same. When certain pigments areknown to affect flammability characteristics, they are also to betested. Test specimens to be tested are those that:(a) contain no coloring(b) contain the highest level of organic pigments(c) contain the highest level of inorganic p
36、igments(d) contain pigments which are known to adversely affectflammability characteristicsD50480929. Conditioning9.1 Condition one set of five bar specimens and three plaquespecimens for at least 48 h at a temperature of 23 6 2C anda relative humidity of 50 6 10 % prior to testing.9.2 Condition a s
37、econd set of five bar specimens and threeplaque specimens in a circulating air oven for a duration of 168hat706 1C, and then cool in a desiccator over anhydrouscalcium chloride for at least4hatroom temperature prior totesting.9.3 Upon removal from the conditioning environment,specimens shall be test
38、ed within 30 minutes.9.4 All specimens shall be tested in a laboratory atmosphereof 15 to 35C and 45 to 75 % relative humidity.9.5 Cotton shall be conditioned in the desiccator for at least24 hours prior to use. Once removed from the desiccator, thecotton shall be used within 30 minutes.10. Procedur
39、e10.1 Procedure ATest of Bar Specimens:10.1.1 Conduct the burning test in a chamber, enclosure, orlaboratory hood free of induced or forced draft.10.1.2 Support a specimen from the upper 6 mm of thespecimen, with the longitudinal axis vertical, by the clamp onthe ring stand so that the lower end of
40、the specimen is 300 610 mm above a horizontal layer of cotton, approximately 50 by50 mm, thinned to a maximum uncompressed thickness of 6mm, maximum weight of 0.08 g.NOTE 5To form the horizontal layer, it is acceptable to pull a smallportion (approximately 13 by 25 mm of cotton from the supply with
41、thefingers and then thin and spread the cotton into a 50 by 50-mm squarehaving a free-standing thickness of 6 mm.10.1.3 Adjust the methane gas supply to the burner toproduce a gas flow rate of 965 mL/min with a back pressure of125 6 25 mm water. Place the burner remote from thespecimen, ignite, and
42、adjust it so that when the burner is in avertical position, the overall height of the flame is 125 6 10mm, and the height of the inner blue cone is 40 6 2 mm.Support the burner on the inclined plane of the mountingfixture so that the burner tube is positioned at 20 6 5 from thevertical.10.1.4 Apply
43、the flame to one of the lower corners of thespecimen at an angle of 20 6 5 from the vertical, so that thetip of the blue cone is within 0 to 3 mm of the specimen edgewithout impinging into the specimen (see Fig. 2). Apply theflame for 5 6 0.5 s and then remove the flame for 5 6 0.5 s.Repeat this ope
44、ration until the specimen has been subjected tofive applications of the test flame. If the specimen dripsparticles, shrinks, or elongates during the test, move the burnerso that the tip of the inner blue cone maintains contact with themajor portion of the specimen at the corner. When necessary,hand-
45、hold the burner and fixture to accomplish this. After thefifth removal of the test flame, record, in seconds, the totalafterflame time and afterflame plus afterglow times. Notewhether or not the specimen dripped flaming particles thatignited the cotton.10.1.5 Repeat the procedure in 10.1.2-10.1.4 on
46、 the remain-ing specimens for each set, one set conditioned as described in9.1 and one set conditioned as described in 9.2.10.1.6 Calculate the arithmetic mean of the afterflame timeand afterflame plus afterglow times for each set of fivespecimens.10.2 Procedure BTest of Plaque Specimens:10.2.1 Proc
47、eed as in 10.1.1.10.2.2 Support a plaque specimen at its edges so that it ishorizontal, using a clamp and ring stand or other equivalentmeans.10.2.3 Proceed as in 10.1.3.10.2.4 Apply the flame to the center of the bottom surface ofthe plaque at an angle of 20 6 5 from the vertical so that thetip of
48、the inner blue cone is within 0 to 3 mm of the plaquesurface, without impinging into the specimen (see Fig. 3).Apply the flame for 5 6 0.5 s and then remove the flame for 5FIG. 1 Burner Mounting BlockExampleD50480936 0.5 s. Repeat this operation until the plaque has beensubjected to five application
49、s of the test flame. If necessary,hand-hold the burner and fixture so that the tip of the inner bluecone maintains the required distance.After the fifth removal ofthe test flame, note whether or not the flame burned through theplaque. Flame penetration shall be defined as any visible flameobserved on the top surface of the plaque during the test. Inaddition, no opening greater than 3 mm shall appear after thetest and the sample has cooled for 30 seconds.10.2.5 Repeat the procedure in 10.2.2-10.2.4 on the remain-ing plaques for each set, one set condition
