1、Designation: D6878/D6878M 13D6878/D6878M 17Standard Specification forThermoplastic Polyolefin Based Sheet Roofing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6878/D6878M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer, i
3、ntended for usein single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics or scrims.1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intendedpurpose. In-place roof system design criteria, s
4、uch as fire resistance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and upliftresistance, among others, are factors which should be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Th
5、e values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standar
6、d does not purport to address allof the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriatesafety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.5 This international standard
7、was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Reference
8、d Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an Air OvenD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD1149 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCracking in an Ozone Controlled EnvironmentD1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensiona
9、l Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated TemperatureD2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittleness Point of Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD5538 Practice for Thermoplastic ElastomersTerminology and AbbreviationsD7635/D7635M Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of
10、Coatings Over Fabric ReinforcementG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Materials and Manufacture3.1 The sheet shall be formulated fr
11、om ethylene and higher alpha-olefin polymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, inamounts greater than 50 %, by weight of the total polymer content suitably compounded to satisfy the physical requirements inthe specification (see Practice D5538).3.2 The sheet shall be capable of being heat welded, f
12、used, or adhesively bonded to itself for making watertight field splicesand repairs, and the supplier or fabricator shall recommend suitable methods and materials.3.3 Sheet shall be reinforced with fabric or scrim.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Wa
13、terproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.18 onNonbituminous Organic Roof Coverings.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2013July 15, 2017. Published December 2013August 2017. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20112013as D6878/D6878M 11a.D6878/D6878M
14、13. DOI: 10.1520/D6878_D6878M-13.10.1520/D6878_D6878M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This
15、 document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior edition
16、s as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Physical Properties and Tolerances4.1 Each sheet
17、specimen shall meet or exceed the physical requirements prescribed in Table 1.4.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering, and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the period, whichever is greater,unless otherwise specified.4.3 The tolerance for temperature conditions (aging, weathering, and
18、 so forth) is 62C 64F of the specified temperature,unless otherwise specified.5. Dimensions and Permissible Variations5.1 The width and length of the sheet shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.5.1.1 The width and length tolerance shall be +3 %, 0 %.5.1.2 The thickness toleranc
19、e shall be +15 %, 10 % of thickness agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier, but in no case shallit be less than the minimum in Table 1.5.1.3 The thickness of coating over scrim (reinforcing fabric) of the weathering side shall be at least 30 % of the overallthickness as agreed upon by the purchas
20、er and supplier, but in no case shall it be less than the minimum in Table 1. The table belowcan be used as a reference for commonly used thicknesses.Overall Thickness, mm in. Thickness of Coating Over Scrim, min, mm in.1.1 0.045 0.38 0.0151.5 0.060 0.48 0.0182.0 0.080 0.60 0.0246. Workmanship, Fini
21、sh, and Appearance6.1 The sheet, including factory seams, if present, shall be watertight and free of pinholes, particles of foreign matter, protrudingfibers or reinforcement, undispersed raw material, nicks and cuts, voids, thin areas, delaminations or other manufacturing defectsthat might adversel
22、y affect serviceability.6.2 Edges of the sheets shall be capable of being seamed to one another without fishmouthing.7. Test Methods7.1 DimensionsTest Methods D751, after permitting the sheet to relax at 23C 73F for 1 h.7.2 Thickness, Sheet OverallRefer to Test Methods D751.7.3 Thickness of Coating
23、Over Scrim (Reinforcing Fabric)Test Method D7635/D7635M. Follow preparation procedures asspecified in Test Method D7635/D7635M. The thickness measurements shall be conducted as described in the test method on thecoating on the side intended to be exposed to the weather.7.4 Breaking StrengthTest Meth
24、ods D751, Grab Method.7.5 Elongation at BreakTest Methods D751, Grab Method.TABLE 1 Physical Requirements for TPO SheetThickness, min, mm in.Sheet-overall 1.0 0.039Coating over fabric or scrim, weathering side only 0.38 0.015Breaking strength, min, N lbf 976 220Elongation at reinforcement break, min
25、, % 15Tearing strength, min, N lbf 245 55Brittleness point, max, C F -40 -40Ozone resistance, no cracks PassProperties after heat aging: (retained values)Properties after heat aging:Breaking strength, % min 90Elongation at reinforcement break, % min 90Tearing strength, % min 60Weight change (mass),
26、max % 1Weight change (mass), max % 1.5Inspect at 7 magnification for cracks when bentover a 3 in. diameter mandrelPassLinear dimensional change, max, % 1Water absorption, max, mass % 3.0AFactory seam strength, min, N lbf 290 66Weather resistance:Visual inspection PassA Test performed on top coating
27、material only. (Use Test Method D471, Procedurefor Change in Mass.)D6878/D6878M 1727.6 Tearing StrengthTest Methods D751, 2 in./min jaw speed. 8 by 8 in. sample size.7.7 Brittleness PointTest Methods D2137, Method B.7.8 Ozone ResistanceTest Method D1149. Inspect at 7 magnification on specimens expos
28、ed to 100 mPa 1 10-5 psi ozonein air at 40C 104F. Specimens shall be wrapped around a 75-mm 3-in. diameter mandrel for 166 h exposure. Specimen shallbe wrapped around the same size mandrel for inspection. The required specimen width is 25 mm 1.0 in.7.9 Heat AgingTest Method D573. Sheet specimens are
29、 to be cut to a size of 5 by 15 cm 2 by 6 in. Three specimens arerequired. Unless otherwise specified, specimens shall be taken no nearer the selvage than one tenth the width of the sheet.Specimens shall be allowed to equilibrate to room temperature (Note 1) and then weighed within 6 h prior to heat
30、 aging using ananalytical balance. Age sheet specimens for either (1) 5376 h (224 days or 32 weeks) at 116C 240F. Specimens 240F; or(2are then cut from the aged sheet for testing of breaking strength, elongation, and so forth.) 1344 h (56 days or 8 weeks) at 135C275F. Provision shall be made for sus
31、pending specimens vertically without touching each other or the sides of the agingchamber. Aged specimens are then allowed to cool to room temperature, re-weighed and inspected at 7 magnification when bentover a 3 in. mandrel for surface cracking. The same specimen is used for both weighing and surf
32、ace inspection and shall beevaluated within 4 h of removal from heat aging. Weight loss shall be expressed as the difference between the original weight andthe aged weight, expressed as a percentage of the original weight to a precision of 60.1 %. If any cracking or weight change abovethe maximum al
33、lowed change is observed in two or more samples, the test is a failure.NOTE 1Specimens can be preconditioned at standard laboratory conditions (23C 6 2C and 50 % 6 5 % relative humidity) for 24 h.7.10 Linear Dimensional ChangeTest Method D1204. Age specimen for 6 h at 70C 158F or 1 h at 100C 212F.7.
34、11 Water AbsorptionTest Method D471 for 166 h at 70C 158F. Test performed on top coating material only. (Use TestMethod D471, Procedure for Change in Mass.)7.12 Factory Seam StrengthTest Methods D751, Grab Method. Modify procedure by cutting a 25 mm 1.0 in. wide by 300mm 12 in. long sample across th
35、e lap seam. Place in jaws approximately 50 mm 2.0 in. from edges of the overlap area and testat a jaw separation rate of 5 cm/min 2 in./min.7.13 Weather ResistanceAccelerated weathering tests shall be performed using Practice G155.7.13.1 Practice G151 and G155Xenon-arc apparatus shall be operated in
36、 accordance with the following conditions:Filter Type DaylightIrradiance 0.35 to 0.70 W/(m2 nm) at 340nm.The maximum allowableoperationalfluctuation of the irradiance settingis 0.02 W/(m2 nm).Cycle 690 min light, 30 min light pluswaterspray on the front surfaceUninsulated Black PanelTemperature80C.
37、The maximum allowableoperationalfluctuation is 2.5C.Relative Humidity 50 %. The maximum allowableoperationalfluctuation is 5 %.Spray Water Refer to Practice G155, section6.6.1.Typical water temperature usedfor specimenspray is 21 5C, but if ambienttemperatureis low and a holding tank is notused to s
38、torepurified water, the water tempera-ture can bebelow the typical range.Specimen Repositioning Refer to Practice G155, section9.5Radiant Exposure 10 080 kJ/(m2 nm) at 340 nm(1209.6 MJ/m2 at 300 to 400 nm)Inspect at 7 magnification foraging.Chamber Air Temperature(where applicable)50C. The maximum a
39、llowableoperationalfluctuation is 2C.Chamber Air Temperature(where applicable)50C. The maximum allowableoperationalfluctuation is 2C.D6878/D6878M 173NoteIf the operational fluctuations are greater than the maximum allowable after the equipment has stabilized, dis-continue the test and correct the ca
40、use of the problem before continuing.7.13.2 Perform the weathering tests on the intact sheet with the weathering side facing the lamps. Mount specimens for exposureunder no strain.After exposure, the specimens shall be removed, wrapped around a 75 mm 3 in. mandrel, and inspected for cracksand crazin
41、g. A specimen is rated “pass” if no cracks or crazing is observed.8. Inspection8.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon between involved parties.9. Rejection and Resubmittal9.1 Failure to conform to any one of the requirements prescribed in this specification shall constitute grounds for
42、rejection.Rejection shall be reported to the supplier promptly and in writing. The seller shall have the right to reinspect the rejected shipmentand resubmit the lot after removal of those packages not conforming to the specified requirements.10. Product Marking10.1 The sheet shall be identified on
43、the side intended to be exposed to the weather with this ASTM designation and either thename of the manufacturer or supplier or TPO. The type of identification is at the manufacturers option. Such identification shalloccur at intervals not to exceed 3 m 9 ft, 10 in. in the long direction. The identi
44、fication shall be applied in such a manner as tobe legible five years from installation. Identification shall not be required when so specified by the purchaser.11. Packaging and Package Marking11.1 The material shall be packaged in a standard commercial manner, unless otherwise specified, so as to
45、be acceptable bycommercial or other carriers for safe transportation to the point of delivery.11.2 Shipping containers shall be marked with:11.2.1 The name of the material,11.2.2 Product code,11.2.3 ASTM number,11.2.4 Size or quantity, and11.2.5 Name of manufacturer or supplier.12. Keywords12.1 flex
46、ible sheet; roofing; roofing material; single-ply roofing membrane; thermoplastic polyolefin; TPOASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determi
47、nation of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or wi
48、thdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that yo
49、ur comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-
