1、Designation: D 7032 07Standard Specification forEstablishing Performance Ratings for Wood-PlasticComposite Deck Boards and Guardrail Systems (Guards orHandrails)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7032; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the procedures to establish aperformance
3、 rating for wood-plastic composite (WPC) deckboards. This specification also defines the procedures toestablish a performance rating for WPC guards and handrails.The purpose of this specification is to establish the basis forcode recognition of these products or systems in exteriorapplications where
4、 combustible construction is allowed (seeX1.1).1.2 Deck boards, guards, and handrails covered by thisspecification are permitted to be of any code compliant shapeand thickness (solid or non-solid).NOTE 1While WPCs are produced in a broad range of ratios of fiberto resin it is recognized that the per
5、formance requirements in thisspecification are valid for any material or combination of materials usedas deck boards, guards, or handrails. For products made primarily fromresin, or for products that exhibit highly plastic properties (for example,more than 3 % strain without rupture in a standard fl
6、exural test underambient conditions), users are directed to Specification D 6662 foradditional guidance.1.3 Adeck board, and a deck board used as a stair tread, areassigned a span rating indicating its ability to comply withmodel code specified functions identified for its specific enduse. A guard o
7、r handrail is recognized for its ability to meetminimum code requirements specified in the appropriate modelbuilding code.1.4 Details of manufacturing processes may be proprietaryand are beyond the scope of this specification.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. T
8、he values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units, which are provided for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safe
9、ty and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.7 Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3General Requirements 4Sampling 4.1Sample Size 4.2Conditioning 4.3Flexural Tests 4.4Temperature and Moisture Effects 4.5Ultraviolet (
10、UV) Resistance Test 4.6Freeze-Thaw Resistance Test 4.7Biodeterioration Tests 4.8Fire Performance Tests 4.9Deck Board Performance Requirements 5General 5.1Flexural Performance Tests 5.2Determination of the Unadjusted Allowable Load 5.3Creep-Recovery Test 5.4Mechanical Fastener Holding Tests 5.5Slip R
11、esistance Test 5.6Guard and Handrail Performance Requirements 6General 6.1Guardrail System Test Requirements 6.2One- and Two-Family Dwelling Requirements 6.2.1.1Handrail Test Requirements (Concentrated Load) 6.3Report 7Independent Inspection 8Manufacturing Standard 9Precision and Bias 10Keywords 11T
12、wo-Span Test Method Annex A1Fire Propagation Test Methods Annex A2Commentary Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD 198 Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in StructuralSizes1This specification is under the jurisdiction of A
13、STM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02 on Lumber and EngineeredWood Products.Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 7032 - 06a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit
14、the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
15、, United States.D 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1037 Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel MaterialsD 1413 Test Method for Wood Preserva
16、tives by LaboratorySoil-Block CulturesD 1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber andParticle Panel MaterialsD 1761 Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in WoodD 1929 Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperatureof PlasticsD 1972 Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic ProductsD 2017 Test Met
17、hod of Accelerated Laboratory Test ofNatural Decay Resistance of WoodsD 2047 Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction ofPolish-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by theJames MachineD 2394 Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing ofWood and Wood-Base Finish FlooringD 2565 Practice for Xenon
18、-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD 2915 Practice for Evaluating Allowable Properties forGrades of Structural LumberD 3345 Test Method for Laboratory Evaluation of Woodand Other Cellulosic Materials for Resistance to TermitesD 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plast
19、ic Mate-rialsD 4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic MechanicalPropertiesD 4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumberand Wood-Base Structural MaterialD 5764 Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-BearingStrength of Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD 6109 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unre
20、in-forced and Reinforced Plastic Lumber and Related Prod-uctsD 6662 Specification for Polyolefin-Based Plastic LumberDecking BoardsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 108 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof CoveringsE 1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke
21、ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterF 1679 Test Method for Using a Variable Incidence Tribom-eter (VIT)3G 154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials2.2 Other References:AWPAStandard E1 Standard Method for
22、 Laboratory Evalu-ation for Determination of Resistance to SubterraneanTermites4AWPA Standard E10 Standard Method of Testing WoodPreservatives by Laboratory Soil-Block Cultures42006 International Building Code International Code Coun-cil, Inc.52006 International Residential Code International CodeCo
23、uncil, Inc.53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology used to describe WPCs aredefined in Terminologies D9, D 883, D 1554, and D 4092,Practice D 1972, and Classification D 4000.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 center-point loada flexure test where the load comesin contact with
24、 the test specimen at a location that is12 the testspan.3.2.2 guarda building component or a system of buildingcomponents located at or near the open sides of elevatedwalking surfaces that minimizes the possibility of a fall fromthe walking surface to a lower level.3.2.3 handraila rail intended for
25、grasping by the hand forguidance or support.3.2.4 quarter-point loadinga flexure test where the loadcomes in contact with the test specimen at two locations, eachof which is located at14 the span from the specimen loadsupport. For example, quarter-point loading for a test specimenon a 24-in. (610-mm
26、) span would have two equal loads contactthe test specimen each located 6 in. in from the test specimenload support. The distance between the two points of loadwould be 12 in. (305 mm).3.2.5 span ratingan index number that identifies the testspan used in all structural load testing, which is the max
27、imumcenter-to-center support spacing for the specified end use, andallowable design capacity, in pounds per square foot (lbf/ft2(kN/m2), determined in accordance with this specification.For example, a deck span rating of16100 recognizes the deckboard for installation perpendicular to the floor joist
28、s spaced amaximum of 16 in. (406 mm) on center, and for supporting theload combinations required by the applicable code, which inthis case cannot exceed 100 lbf/ft2(4.79 kN/m2).3.2.6 third-point loadinga flexure test where the loadcomes in contact with the test specimen at two locations, eachof whic
29、h is located at13 the span from the specimen loadsupport. For example, third-point loading for a test specimenon a 24-in. (610-mm) span would have two equal loads contactthe test specimen each located 8 in. in from the test specimenload support. The distance between the two points of loadwould also
30、be 8 in. (205 mm).3.2.7 wood-plastic composite (WPC)a composite madeprimarily from wood- or cellulose-based materials and plas-tic(s).4. General Requirements4.1 SamplingSamples for testing shall be representativeof the population being evaluated. Sampling shall be represen-tative of the possible var
31、iations due to changes in raw materialsand process variables over time. It is essential to consider3Withdrawn.4Available from American Wood-Preservers Association (AWPA), P.O. Box388, Selma, AL 36702-0388, http:/.5Available from International Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls C
32、hurch, VA 22041.D7032072batch-to-batch and shift-to-shift variability when samplingactual production. Test specimens shall be selected fromseveral production runs of a given item. Products shall besampled at the manufacturing site by an accredited third partyinspection agency or testing laboratory.
33、Exceptions to samplingat the manufacturing site, such as at a warehouse or distributioncenter, shall be documented in the test report.4.2 Sample SizeSelection of a sample size depends uponthe property to be estimated, the actual variation in the propertyoccurring in the population, and the precision
34、 with which theproperty is to be estimated. The principles of Practice D 2915shall be followed. The minimum sample size shall provideestimation of mean values within 5 % in accordance with 3.4.2of Practice D 2915.4.3 ConditioningPrior to testing, all specimens shall beconditioned to environmental co
35、nditions appropriate for theintended end use of the product. Alternatively, test specimensshall be conditioned for a minimum of 40 h at 68F (20C) and50 6 5 % RH. If data show that product properties are notaffected by extreme moisture conditions, such as submersion,the material shall be permitted to
36、 be tested without specialconditioning. When the product is to be subjected to a watersoak environment, the test specimens shall be tested within 30min upon removal from the treatment.4.4 Flexural TestsFlexural strength and stiffness shall bedetermined in accordance with principles of Test MethodsD
37、4761 or D 6109. Alternatively, to assess compliance withperformance requirements in its intended installed configura-tion, the deck boards shall be tested according to the two-spanmethod defined in Annex A1. The test specimen cross sectionshall be the minimum anticipated structural size for theinten
38、ded end use. The test span shall be that for which coderecognition is desired. The specimens shall be loaded at aconstant strain rate of 1 % per minute (610 %). Average timeto failure for each test configuration shall be recorded (seeCommentary, X1.2).Aconstant strain rate of 1 % per minute isachiev
39、ed by using a constant rate of test machine crossheadmotion, R, (inches/minute) computed in terms of the test span,L, and the member depth, d, by the following equation:R 5 0.00185 3 L2/d (1)For members in which the depth (vertical dimension) isvarying along the member length, the depth (d) shall be
40、 takenas the gross member depth at the point of maximum moment.NOTE 2Eq 1 is based on the maximum extreme fiber strain at midspanof a horizontally symmetric simple span member. For a product that issymmetric about its horizontal axis, Eq 1 yields the target strain rate atboth the extreme tensile and
41、 extreme compressive faces. For a product thatis not symmetric about its horizontal axis, the Eq 1 strain rate is theaverage of the strains at these faces. See Commentary for additionalinformation.NOTE 3Some WPCs exhibit exceptionally large deformations prior tofailure in bending. Users are cautione
42、d to take particular care in testmachine set-up to accommodate large deflections, both in terms ofdeflection-measuring devices and support conditions.4.4.1 Flexural StrengthModulus of rupture (MOR)ormoment capacity shall be reported for each specimen. Flexuralstrength shall be calculated from the ma
43、ximum load achievedor the load at 3 % strain, whichever occurs first.4.4.2 Flexural StiffnessApparent modulus of elasticity(MOE)orEI shall be reported for each specimen. Flexuralstiffness shall be calculated from a linear least squares fit of thestress-strain curve over the range of 10 to 40 % of ul
44、timatestress. The flexural strength and stiffness for deck board, guard,and handrail materials shall be determined in accordance with4.4 and shall be used to establish a standard baseline perfor-mance level for comparison with future production during therequired quality control audits.4.5 Temperatu
45、re and Moisture Effects:4.5.1 Temperature EffectTesting shall be conducted toverify that allowable span and load ratings are applicable at arange of temperatures expected in service. For purposes of thisspecification, the lower and upper temperatures shall be -20 64F (-29 6 2C) and 125 6 4F (52 6 2C
46、), respectively.Flexure tests shall be conducted to failure at the desired span.A minimum of 10 specimens shall be tested at each tempera-ture. The flexural strength and stiffness shall be determined inaccordance with 4.4 and the average change in propertiesbetween the flexural strength and stiffnes
47、s of the controlflexural specimens and the specimens tested at low and hightemperatures shall be calculated as a percentage and reported.4.5.2 Moisture EffectTesting shall be conducted to verifythat allowable span and load ratings are applicable at moistureconditions expected in service. Flexure tes
48、ts shall be conductedto failure at the desired span.Aminimum of 10 specimens shallbe tested at moisture conditions anticipated in service (forexample, high humidity, submerged). The average maximumflexural strength and stiffness shall be determined in accor-dance with 4.4. The average change in prop
49、erties between thecontrol specimens and those tested at the in-service moisturecondition of interest shall be calculated as a percentage andreported.4.5.3 CriteriaThe most restrictive effect (either tempera-ture or moisture) shall be used to adjust the performance ratingof deck boards, guardrails, and handrails. For deck boards, thedeck board span (or load rating) shall be reduced by the mostrestrictive effect determined from 4.5.1 or 4.5.2. For guardsand handrails, if the most restrictive effect exceeds 25 %, thetest loads for the guards or
