1、Designation: D 7089 06Standard Practice forDetermination of the Effectiveness of Anti-Graffiti Coatingfor Use on Concrete, Masonry and Natural Stone Surfacesby Pressure Washing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7089; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a basic method for evaluating
3、theperformance of anti-graffiti products on mineral building sub-strates by a series of increasingly abrasive cleaning methods.The anti-graffiti materials are applied to a series of concrete,masonry and natural stone specimens for evaluation. Graffitiresistance is based on how a defined set of marki
4、ngs areremoved by a designated set of cleaning techniques.1.2 This practice also defines a procedure to evaluate graffitiremoval after re-marking with subsequent re-cleaning. It doesnot address the re-treatment of substrates after a material is nolonger graffiti resistant.1.3 The values stated in SI
5、 units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health
6、practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning andTesting Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related MaterialsD 6578 Practice for Determination of Graffiti Resistance3. Termi
7、nology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 graffti resistant, nthe property of coatings to beresistance to the application of graffiti or exhibit easy removalof graffiti without surface damage, or both.3.1.2 non-sacrificial anti-graffti coatings, nthe propertyof a coating in which they remain intact or undamaged a
8、fter theremoval of graffiti from their surface.3.1.3 sacrificial anti-graffti coatings, nthe property ofcoatings in which they are destroyed or damaged during theremoval of graffiti, therefore requiring subsequent re-application.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Spray paints and markers are applied to a ser
9、ies ofconcrete, masonry and natural stone test panels pre-treatedwith the product(s) to be evaluated. The paint(s) and mark(ers)are removed using a series of commercial building cleaningmethods which begin with the least aggressive method, high-pressure water wash with a commercial graffiti cleaner
10、andproceed to increasingly aggressive cleaning methods such ashigh-pressure hot water wash and high-pressure sodium bicar-bonate wash.5. Significance and Use5.1 Graffiti on buildings and structures is a significantproblem in various regions across the country. A variety ofcoatings have been develope
11、d to be either resistant to theapplication of paints/marker or to aid in their removal. Thisstandard practice describes a procedure for evaluating theeffectiveness of anti-graffiti coatings applied to various con-crete, masonry and natural stone substrates. It does not addressgraffiti removal on met
12、al or any other non-mineral substrate.5.2 This practice only addresses graffiti removal on sub-strates in a laboratory environment, that have not been exposedto either natural or artificial weathering. Specification D 6578describes a method for graffiti removal after both natural andartificial weath
13、ering.6. Apparatus6.1 Commercial based graffiti removers used for concrete,masonry and stone surfaces are utilized to remove graffiti.Follow manufacturer guidelines for application instructions.This is followed by high-pressure cold water washer to cleanthe substrate.1This practice is under the juri
14、sdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paints andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.47 on Concrete, Stone and Masonry Treatments.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2006. Published February 2006.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM we
15、bsite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United St
16、ates.6.2 High-pressure cold water washer, capable of maintain-ing a pressure of 800 to 1500 psi, equipped with a fan typespray tip that disperses water at an angle of at least 15 degrees,with a flow rate of 4 to 6 gal per minute.6.3 High-pressure hot water washer, capable of maintaininga pressure of
17、 800 to 1500 psi, and temperatures of 140 to 180Fequipped with a fan type spray tip that disperses water at anangle of at least 15 degrees, with a flow rate of 4 to 6 gal perminute.6.4 High-pressure sodium bicarbonate washer, capable ofmaintaining a pressure of 800 to 1500 psi, equipped with a fanty
18、pe spray tip that disperses water at an angle of at least 15degrees, with a flow rate of 4 to 6 gal per minute. Also knownas baking soda or soda blasting.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Anti-graffiti product(s) to be evaluated.7.2 Solvent based spray paint recommended colors: black,blue and red.7.3 Sol
19、vent based ink markers recommended colors: black,blue and red.NOTE 1Blue and red colors are known to be the most difficult colorsto remove.8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units8.1 Any of the following mineral building substrates includ-ing; concrete, masonry, and natural stone.8.2 Aminimum of
20、3 test specimens of each type of substratewill be required for each anti-graffiti product to be evaluated.Include a minimum of 3 untreated test specimens of each typeof substrate.8.3 Concrete specimens shall be typically a minimum of 12by 12 in., masonry specimens shall be a minimum of 7.5 by 3.5in.
21、 and natural stone specimens shall be a minimum of 8 by 8in.9. Application of Anti-Graffiti Coatings9.1 Substrates will be treated with anti-graffiti products inaccordance with manufacture instructions.9.2 Treated substrates should be given a seven-day curingperiod, under ambient conditions as outli
22、ned in SpecificationD 3924 with each specimen placed so it has free air circulation.10. Application of Graffiti10.1 Apply spray paint and marker to three previouslytreated specimens in parallel lines that covers the entirespecimen. Apply each color of paint and marker parallel to theprevious. Apply
23、paint at a constant speed, maintaining adistance of 6 in. from the specimen. Apply markers with aconstant pressure.10.2 Painted/marked specimens shall be given typically afive-day cure period under the same conditions as the condi-tioning period in 9.2.11. Graffiti Removal Procedure Using High-Press
24、ureEquipment11.1 Clean each specimen with a high-pressure waterwasher. Maintain a distance of 10 in. from each specimen,applying horizontal back and forth sweeping motion. Cleaneach type of substrate for the same length of time. The sametype of spray nozzle must be used for all testing.11.2 Report t
25、he percent of paint/marker removed. If thepaint is completely removed from all replicate test specimensthe surface is rated as “Cleanability Level 1.”NOTE 2Always test the specimen to ensure the high pressure waterdoesnt cause damage to the surface.11.3 Clean each specimen with a commercial based gr
26、affiticleaner followed by a high-pressure cold water wash. Maintaina distance of 10 in. from each specimen, applying horizontalback and forth sweeping motion. Clean each type of substratefor the Report the percent of paint/marker removed. If the paintis completely removed from all replicate test spe
27、cimens thesurface is rated as “Cleanability Level 2” (see Note 2).11.4 Clean each specimen with a high-pressure hot waterwasher. Maintain a distance of 10 in. from each specimen,applying horizontal back and forth sweeping motion. Cleaneach type of substrate for the Report the percent of paint/marker
28、 removed. If the paint is completely removed from allreplicate test specimens the surface is rated as “CleanabilityLevel 3” (see Note 2).11.5 If cleaning with the high-pressure hot water washerfails to remove all the paint from each specimen, use ahigh-pressure sodium bicarbonate washer. “Cleanabili
29、ty 4” isnoted when using a high-pressure sodium bicarbonate washer.11.6 If any paint remains of each specimen, report thepercent of paint remaining.Cleanability LevelsCleanability 1 Graffiti completely removed withhigh-pressure cold water washCleanability 2 Graffiti completely removed withcommercial
30、 based graffiti removerand high-pressure cold water washCleanability 3 Graffiti completely removed withhigh-pressure hot water washCleanability 4 Graffiti completely removed witha sodium bicarbonate pressure wash12. Recleanability of Graffiti Procedure12.1 In many cases, it is necessary to evaluate
31、whether agraffiti resistant material will show the same level of cleanabil-ity after it has been cleaned and remarked with graffiti. Toevaluate recleanability on nonsacrificial coatings only, use thefollowing procedure.12.2 Reapply the graffiti markings to each specimen inaccordance with Section 10.
32、12.3 Repeat cleaning procedure using the same cleaningequipment that completely removed the markings in Section 11with the exception of sodium bicarbonate cleaning.12.4 If the markings are not completely removed, record thepercent of paint remaining.12.5 Repeat 12.2 and 12.3 until the paint can no l
33、onger besuccessfully removed and report number of cleaning cyclesperformed successfully.13. Report13.1 Report the following information for each anti-graffiticoating being evaluated:D708906213.1.1 Identification, product type either sacrificial or non-sacrificial and manufacturer of anti-graffiti co
34、ating beingtested.13.1.2 Procedure of application of material, cure time andtemperature,13.1.3 Type(s) of substrate used in evaluation,13.1.4 Pressure, temperature and length of time for pressurewashing,13.1.5 Cleanability level employed for successful removalof markings, and13.1.6 Any deviations fr
35、om the above practice.14. Keywords14.1 anti-graffiti; cleanability; concrete; graffiti removal;masonry; natural stoneASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly
36、advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eit
37、her reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend
38、 If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D7089063
