1、Designation: E161 17Standard Specification forElectroformed Material and Test Sieves1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the technical requirements fordesi
3、gn and construction of electroformed sieves and sievematerial. These sieves are used to perform particle-size analy-sis and in preparing narrowly designated particle -size frac-tions. They may also be used as reference standards whensuitably certified. The method of certifying these sieves isinclude
4、d in Annex A1.1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be consideredstandard for the dimensions of the electroformed mesh open-ings and the size of the line width in the electroformed mesh.The values stated in inch-pound units shall be consideredstandard with regard to the sieve frames and to lines p
5、er unitlength, as in Table 1. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions that are provided for informationalpurposes only, and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibilit
6、y of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization est
7、ablished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the45-m
8、(No. 325) SieveE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for TestingPurposesE1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods,and Screening Media3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of related terms, refer toTerminology
9、 E1638.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 electroformed material, nelectrodeposited grid ma-terial consisting of precision openings used as the separationmedia for electroformed sieves.3.2.2 electroformed sieves, nsee test sieve (electro-formed).3.2.3 non-standard frames (elect
10、roformed), nsieve framesother than as specified in accordance with Table 2 that may becircular, square, rectangular, or non-metal.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe frame shall have the electroformedmaterial permanently attached.3.2.4 support grid, nconductive metal screen fused to thesieve material.3.2.5 test s
11、ieve (electroformed), na sieve manufactured bymounting electroformed material in a frame, designed for usein particle size analysis by sieving.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for items under this specification include thefollowing information as necessary:4.1.1 Name of material (electroformed siev
12、e or electro-formed sieve material),4.1.2 ASTM designation (Specification E161),4.1.3 Quantity of each item, and4.1.4 Standard sieve designation.4.1.4.1 Nominal opening size in micrometres (Table 1,Column 1), and4.1.4.2 Aperture geometry.4.1.5 For testing sieves in standard circular frames:4.1.5.1 N
13、ominal sieve frame diameter, and4.1.5.2 Nominal sieve frame height.1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E29 on Particleand Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.01on Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media on Sieves, Sieving Method
14、s, andScreening Media.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017. Published January 2018. Originallyapproved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E161 12. DOI:10.1520/E0161-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas
15、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with i
16、nternationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.1.6 For sieve cloth not in frames or in no
17、n-standardframes:4.1.6.1 Lateral dimension of sieve mesh, or4.1.6.2 Description of non-standard frame, or both.4.1.7 For sieves requiring supporting grid:4.1.7.1 Support grid desired, and4.1.7.2 Support grid mounted up or down, as assembled inframe.5. Electroformed Material Requirements5.1 The mater
18、ial used in the manufacture of the sievematerial shall be nickel or a metal suitable for electrodepositionwith a firm crystalline structure.5.2 The material shall have square, round, or slotted open-ings with straight uniform sides and smooth, flat surfacesexcept for a slight bevel along the edges o
19、f the openings. Thenominal dimension of these openings establishes the desig-nated size of the sieve.5.3 The thickness of the material (exclusive of the supportgrid, see 5.4), is governed by the method of manufacture, thesize of the openings and the line width of material betweenopenings, but in no
20、case shall the thickness of material betweenthe openings be less than 10 m (0.0004 in.).5.4 If a support grid is required, the sieve material shall bemounted to the support material grid in such a manner that thematerial is firmly bonded to the grid. The sieve material shallbe mounted on the support
21、 grid with the openings running inthe same direction as those of the support grid.NOTE 1In instances where a support grid is required, opening sizessmaller than the allowable tolerances will be observed. This occurs wherethe support grid overlaps the sieve openings in such a way as to eitherblock a
22、portion of the opening or to create several smaller openings.5.5 The finished and mounted sieve material from which thesieves are constructed shall conform to the requirements foropening size and spacing as outlined in Table 1.5.6 Extraneous metal formed in or near the corners whichdoes not restrict
23、 the passage of a spheroidal particle shall bedisregarded. Limitations on extraneous metal/repaired areasshall not exceed 10 per 8-in. square area for 400 lines per inchbase material, and 20 per 8-in. square area for 400 lines perinch base material.5.6.1 In the sieve material, there shall be no punc
24、tures,missing areas, or surface discoloration as caused by a foreignmaterial.6. Test Sieve Frames6.1 General RequirementsFrames for electroformedsieves shall be made from non-corrosive material such asstainless or non-metal and constructed in such a manner as tobe rigid.6.1.1 The sieve material shal
25、l be mounted on the framewithout distortion, looseness, or waviness.6.1.2 To prevent the material being sieved from catching inthe joint between the sieve material and the frame, the jointshall be filled smoothly or constructed in order to not trapparticle material.6.2 Standard FramesSieve frames sh
26、all be circular, ofseamless construction, with nominal diameters of 3, 8, and 12in. as may be specified. The dimensions shall conform to therequirements in Table 2.6.2.1 The bottom of the frames shall be constructed so as toprovide an easy sliding fit with any sieve frames of the samenominal diamete
27、r conforming to the specified dimensions.6.2.2 The joint or fillet at the connection of the sievematerial to the frames will provide a minimum clear sievingsurface with a diameter equal to the nominal diameter less 0.5in. (13 mm).6.3 Non-Standard FramesOther sieve frames may beeither square, rectang
28、ular, or circular.6.3.1 The frame shall have the sieve material permanentlyinstalled.NOTE 2Refer to Test Method C430, which contains requirements for3-in. (76.2-mm) diameter by 3-in. (76.2-mm) high sieves used in themineral industries, especially the cement group.7. Product Marking7.1 Standard Sieve
29、sEach sieve shall bear a label markedwith the following information:7.1.1 This ASTM designation,7.1.2 The nominal size of the openings in micrometres(m),7.1.3 The mean size in micrometres (m) is optional,7.1.4 The name of the manufacturer or the responsibledistributor, and7.1.5 Serial number.7.2 Non
30、-Standard SievesEach sieve shall bear a labelmarked with the following information:7.2.1 This ASTM designation, and7.2.2 The nominal size of the openings in micrometres(m).TABLE 1 Sample Dimensions, Permissible Variations and Limitsfor Precision Electroformed SievesNominal OpeningSize, mATolerance o
31、nSieve Openings,mLimits,Lines perLinear in.Min Max300500 2.0 39 6215.0299 2.0 58 11790149 2.0 105 2005089 2.0 140 2803049 2.0 200 4002029 2.0 280B750B1519 2.0 400B750B314 2.0 500B1500BAThese nominal size openings are from the preferred number series R40/3 andR10. (Openings on apertures 32 m and less
32、 are series R10.) These standarddesignations correspond to the values for test sieve apertures recommended bythe International Organization for Standardization (ISO). These sizes are typical,other opening sizes are available.BBecause of their greater durability in routine testing, sieves made close
33、to theminimum limit are normally supplied. Sieves made close to the maximum limit maybe obtained only on special order but are preferable from the standpoint of logicalprogression and better test completion time.E161 1728. Keywords8.1 electroformed sieve; micro sieve; opening; particle size;sieve; s
34、ieve analysis; test sieveANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. METHOD OF CERTIFYING PRECISION ELECTROFORMED SIEVESINTRODUCTIONThe sieve analysis results from two testing sieves of the same sieve designation may not be the samebecause of the variances in sieve openings permitted by this specification.NOT
35、E A1.1To minimize the difference in sieve analysis results, the use of testing sieves matched on a performancebasis is suggested.Accompanied by Opening Analysis (Histogram)The unique manner of forming the sieve sheet makes it easier and more precise to measure theopenings rather than the nominal wid
36、th of metal between adjacent openings as is frequently done inthe case of wire -cloth sieves. In some cases, electrodeposition produces small spurs or bulges of metalwhich project several m into the open area in the plane of the sheet, thereby restricting the passageof spheroidal particles which wou
37、ld go through a normally perfect opening. These openings should beexcluded from the certification process. Openings that are blocked or partially blocked as a result ofthe support grid should also be excluded from the certification process.A1.1 Scan the entire area with a microscope having amagnifyi
38、ng power of approximately 50 to determine if thesheet conforms to the specifications given in 5.6.1, and if theedges between the sheet and frame are sealed completely.A1.1.1 Certification equipment should be an optical mea-suring device that allows a magnification that produces aper-ture edges that
39、are distinguishable and clearly defined. Ameasurement accuracy of 60.5 m for the device is suggested.A1.1.2 Minimum certification is accomplished by measur-ing in a standard grid pattern across the material. This accountsfor the nature of the plating process and its consistency fromcenter to outer e
40、dges. Nine measurements in twelve locations,for a total of 108 readings, in each the X and Y direction, aretaken. The data is collected, and documented on a histogram/certification that includes information such as customer name,serial number, nominal holesize, and holesize distribution.A1.1.3 Sieve
41、 material with 10m or less nominal openingmay be measured using a magnification range of 500 1400. Sieve material with 11m or greater nominal openingmay be measured using a magnification range on 50 500.A1.1.4 It is necessary to attain considerable experience inthe use of the equipment and in making
42、 measurements beforeTABLE 2 Dimensions of Standard Circular FramesNominal Diameter, in.Proposed Revision Mean Diameter Typical FrameAInside at TopCNominal HeightB3 3.000 in. + 0.030 0.000 1 in. (25.4 mm)(76.20 mm + 0.76 0.00)8 8.000 in. + 0.030 0.000 2 in. (50.8 mm) FHD(203.20 mm + 0.76 0.00) 1 in.
43、(25.4 mm) HHE12 12.000 in. + 0.030 0.000 2 in. (50.8 mm) FH(304.80 mm + 0.76 0.00)AOther frame heights are not precluded.BDistance from the top of the frame to the sieve cloth surface.CMeasured 0.2 in. (5 mm) below the top of the frame.DFH = Full height.EHH = Half height.E161 173the desired accuracy
44、 is attained. Therefore, it is recommendedthat several operators measure a sieve several times in order todetect personal variations.A1.2 If suitable standard materials having spheroidal par-ticles in a known size distribution are available, they may beused as a standard for calibrating sieves. Valu
45、es from suchcalibrations are not as accurate as those obtained from micro-scopic measurements but will serve as an approximation of theconformance to specifications. Periodic tests on such materialwill serve to detect the presence of broken meshes that mightnot be observed by microscopically scannin
46、g.A1.3 Collect and record the measurement data and statisti-cal calculations for each sieve as part of the certification. Thecertificate shall also include the serial number and customernumber, and shall be stored for a period of seven years.A2. CLEANING AND REPAIRA2.1 Particles can be removed from
47、metal framed precisionelectroformed sieves with the aid of an ultrasonic bath of milddetergent and distilled water or any other chemical recom-mended by sieve manufacturer. The sieve shall be placed in thevertical position. 150 watts maximum ultrasonic energy shallbe used for not more than 15 s at a
48、 time to prevent cavitationdamage to the sieve sheet. Remove the sieve, flush withdistilled water, and dry. Do not use a brush or pressurized airto cl an the sieve sheet.A2.2 If the sieve sheet is broken, it can be repaired byapplying epoxy cement with the point of a fine needle orapplying small sph
49、eres of metal solder with a pencil-point iron.In both procedures a low power (10 to 50) binocularmicroscope is a necessary aid.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible
