1、Designation: E1592 05 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forStructural Performance of Sheet Metal Roof and SidingSystems by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1592; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONComputations are the accepted method for determining the structu
3、ral capacity of most metalproducts. However, some conditions are outside the scope of analysis by industry specifications.Methods of computation and a discussion of these conditions are found in the following documents:AISI Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members and Loa
4、d and ResistanceFactor Specification for Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members and Aluminum Association Specifi-cations for Aluminum Structures.This test method is not to be considered as a wind design standard. It is a structural capacity testto determine the ability of a panel system (including att
5、achments) to resist uniform static pressure.Actual wind pressure is nonuniform and dynamic. These uniform static test results should be used inconjunction with commonly recognized wind design standards, and will yield highly conservativeresults.When additional fasteners are installed across panel fl
6、ats at eaves, ridges, or reinforced end laps, thecrosswise distortion is eliminated and both flexural capacity and anchor-to-panel attachment strengthcan vary with the distance from such conditions. This test procedure can be used to evaluate thestrength of panels and attachments at any distance fro
7、m end or edge perimeter conditions. The size ofthe specimen and limitations on air seals are designed to minimize any interference with the naturalresponse of the panels under load.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the structuralperformance of sheet metal panels and anchor-to-pan
8、el attach-ments for roof or siding systems under uniform static airpressure differences using a test chamber or support surface.1.2 The provisions of this test method are applicable tostanding seam, trapezoidal, ribbed, or corrugated metal panelsin the range of thickness from 0.012 to 0.050-in. (0.3
9、 to1.3-mm) and apply to the evaluation of uniform pressureapplied to single-skin construction or one sheet metal layer ofmultiple-skin construction. They do not cover requirements forthe construction of a specimen to determine the load sharingthat can occur with either composite or multiple-layer co
10、n-struction such as: (1) metal cladding over wood sheathing; or(2) field assemblies of insulation sandwiched between corru-gated or formed metal panels.1.3 Proper use of this test method requires knowledge of theprinciples of pressure and deflection measurement.1.4 This test method describes optiona
11、l apparatus and pro-cedures for use in evaluating the structural performance of agiven system for a range of support spacings or for confirmingthe structural performance of a specific installation.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The metric equivalents of
12、inch-pound units areapproximate.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotesexclusive of those for tables and figures. These notes andfootnotes provide explanatory material and shall not be con-sidered as requirements of the standard.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of AST
13、M Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.57on Performance of Metal Roof Systems.Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1592 05. DOI:10.1520/E1592-05R12.1
14、Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate s
15、afety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsB557 Test Methods for Tension Te
16、sting Wrought and CastAluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products2.2 Aluminum Association Standard:3Aluminum Formed-Sheet Building Sheathing DesignGuide, Appendix B of Specifications for Aluminum Struc-tures, Latest Edition2.3 AISI Standards:4Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Struc-tural
17、Members, Latest Edition2.4 Other Documents:ASCE7 (Formerly ANSI A58.1) Minimum Design Loadsfor Buildings and Other Structures53. Terminology3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 anchor, na fastener, bolt, screw, or formed devicesuch as a clip that connects panels to the support s
18、tructure.3.1.2 anchor failure, nany failure at the anchor device,including separation of the device from the panel, of the deviceitself, or of the connection to the structural support.3.1.3 crosswise restraint, nany attachment in the flat of apanel between structural elements that controls or limits
19、 pandistortion under pressure.3.1.4 failure, nfracture or disengagement of any of thecomponents where the system is no longer capable of sustain-ing load, or the system no longer functions as a weathertightmembrane.3.1.5 interior support, nany support other than those ateither extreme in a series of
20、 supports for a continuous panel.3.1.6 pan distortion, ndisplacement under load of nor-mally flat portions of a panel profile normal to the plane of theroof or wall surface.3.1.7 panel deflection, ndisplacement under load mea-sured normal to the plane of the roof or wall surface of alongitudinal str
21、uctural element as measured from a straight linebetween structural supports.3.1.8 permanent deformation, nthe permanent displace-ment in any direction from an original position that remainsafter an applied load has been removed.63.1.9 reference zero load, nnominal pressure applied to aspecimen to pr
22、ovide a reference position free of variationsfrom internal stresses or friction within the system assembly.3.1.10 rib spread, npanel distortion under load at the baseof a rib or standing seam as measured crosswise to the rib in theplane of the roof or wall surface.3.1.11 span length, nthe center-to-
23、center distance be-tween anchors or supports measured parallel to the longitudinalaxis of the panel.3.1.12 specimen, nthe entire assembled unit submitted fortesting, as described in Section 8.3.1.13 specimen length, nthe distance from center tocenter of the end supports; the sum of individual span l
24、engths.3.1.14 structural element, nthe width of a panel profile asmeasured between center lines of repeating longitudinal stiff-eners for continuously supported panels in a positive load testor the width between anchor attachments to repeating stiffenerelements in a negative load test.3.1.15 test lo
25、ad, nthe difference in static air pressure(positive or negative) between the inside and outside face ofthe specimen, expressed in pounds-force per square foot(lbf/ft2) or pascals (Pa).3.1.16 test panel length, nspecimen length plus over-hangs.3.1.17 ultimate load, nthe difference in static air press
26、ure(positive or negative) at which failure of the specimen occurs,expressed in pounds-force per square foot (lbf/ft2) or pascals(Pa).3.1.18 unlatching failure, ndisengagement of a panelseam or anchor that occurs in an unloaded assembly due topermanent set or distortion that occurred under a previous
27、 loadcondition.73.1.19 yield load, nthat pressure at which deflectionincreases are no longer proportional to the increase in pressure.Yielding is not failure.83.1.20 zero load, nthe absence of air pressure differenceacross the specimen.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of the fo
28、llowing: (1) sealingthe test specimen into or against one face of a test chamber; (2)supplying air to, or exhausting air from, the chamber at the raterequired to maintain the test pressure difference across the2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custo
29、mer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Aluminum Association, 900 19th Street, NW, Washington, DC20006.4Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 Connectic
30、utAve., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036, http:/www.steel.org.5Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.6Industry design procedures propose different factors of safety on yield andultimate strength. Not all permanent d
31、istortion is harmful to the structural perfor-mance of the system. Only permanent distortion that interferes with the performanceof the system is significant.7This permanent set is not always detectable from readings taken normal to thepanel.8It is often impractical to take direct measurements on in
32、dividual elements in anassembly of components. Readings made on a panel surface opposite an anchor clipinclude deflection of non-axial loads in the anchor base and panel profile as well asany slippage that occurs in the panel connection or between segments of amultiple-piece clip. They may decrease
33、with increasing pressure and produce abi-lineal curve. Subsequent small-scale tests may be required to determine whethernonlinear deflection readings represent tolerable distortions that do not interferewith long-term anchor performance.E1592 05 (2012)2specimen; and (3) observing, measuring, and rec
34、ording thedeflection, deformations, and nature of any failures of principalor critical elements of the panel profile or members of theanchor system.4.2 The increments of load application shall be chosen suchthat a sufficient number of readings will be obtained todetermine the load deformation curve
35、of the system.4.3 End and edge restraint shall be representative of fieldconditions, and the unit shall contain sufficient individualcomponents to minimize the effect of variations in material andworkmanship.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a standard procedure toevaluate or conf
36、irm structural performance under uniformstatic air pressure difference. This procedure is intended torepresent the effects of uniform loads on exterior buildingsurface elements.5.2 It is also permissible to develop data for load-span tablesby interpolating between the test results at different spans
37、.NOTE 1When applying the results of tests to determine allowabledesign loads by application of a factor of safety, bear in mind that theperformance of a wall or roof and its components, or both, can be afunction of fabrication, installation, and adjustment. The specimen mustrepresent the actual stru
38、cture closely. In service, the performance can alsodepend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance ofcomponents to deterioration by various causes, to vibration, to thermalexpansion and contraction, and so forth.6. Apparatus6.1 The description of apparatus is general in natur
39、e; anyequipment capable of performing the test procedure within theallowable tolerances is permitted. Major components areshown in Fig. 1.6.2 Test ChamberA test chamber, air bag, or box with anopening, a removable mounting panel, or one open surface inwhich or against which the specimen is installed
40、. Provide atleast two static pressure taps located at diagonally oppositecorners to measure the chamber pressure such that the readingis unaffected by the velocity of the air supply to or from thechamber or any other air movement. The air supply openinginto the chamber shall be arranged so that the
41、air does notimpinge directly on the test specimen with any significantvelocity. A means of access into the chamber to facilitateadjustments and observations after the specimen has beeninstalled is optional.NOTE 2The test chamber or the specimen mounting frame, or both,must not deflect under the test
42、 load in such a manner that the performanceof the specimen will be affected. In general, select anchor supportmembers sufficiently rigid that deflection under the test load will benegligible. It is desirable to be able to observe the fit of the plastic filmagainst the specimen as well as the metal s
43、urface. When the specimen istested with plastic film on either side, it is recommended that windows,lighting, or other methods be used to allow observation of the oppositeside.6.3 Air SystemA compressed air supply, an exhaust sys-tem, or controllable blower is to be provided to develop therequired a
44、ir pressure difference across the specimen. Thesystem shall maintain an essentially constant air pressuredifference for the required test period.NOTE 3It is convenient to use a reversible blower or separate pressureand exhaust systems to provide the required air pressure difference so thatdifferent
45、test specimens can be tested for the effect of positive pressure orthe effect of suction (negative pressure) without reversing the position ofthe test specimen. The use of the same specimen for both positive andnegative testing is outside the scope of this test method. If an adequate airsupply is av
46、ailable, a completely airtight seal need not be provided aroundthe perimeter of the test specimen and the mounting panel, although it ispreferable. However, substantial air leakage will require an air supply ofmuch greater capacity to maintain the required pressure differences.6.4 Pressure-Measuring
47、 ApparatusThe devices to mea-sure the test pressure difference shall operate within a toleranceof 62 % of the design pressure, or within 0.1 in. (2.5 mm) ofwater pressure (0.52 psf or 25 Pa) and be located as describedin 6.1.6.5 Deflection and Distortion Measurement Precision:6.5.1 The means of meas
48、uring deflections of structural ribsbetween the reaction supports and movement of the ribs at thesupports shall provide readings within a tolerance of 60.01 in.(0.25 mm).6.5.2 The means of measuring pan distortion shall providereadings within a tolerance of 6116 in. (1.5 mm).6.5.3 The means of measu
49、ring rib spread, when required,shall provide readings within a tolerance of 6116 in. (1.5 mm).6.6 Reading Locations:FIG. 1 Schematic of Test ApparatusE1592 05 (2012)36.6.1 Support deflection gages or measuring devices so thatreadings are not influenced by movements of, or within, thespecimen or member supports.6.6.2 Measure the maximum mid-span and span end (atanchor support) deflections of at least one structural rib notinfluenced by the attachment or seal to the test chamber.Additional locations for deflection measurements, if desired,shall be state
