1、Designation: F 2613 07Standard Consumer Safety Specification forChildrens Folding Chairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2613; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents associated with Childrens folding chairs thatwere identified by the U.S. Consumer Pr
3、oduct Safety Commission (CPSC). Incidents identified by theCPSC and addressed in this standard involve lacerations, fractures, pinches and amputations ofchildrens fingers in folding mechanisms. This specification also addresses structural integrity andlabeling for the product. This specification is
4、not intended to cover childrens folding chairs that areeither blatantly misused or abused. This specification is written within current state-of-the-artchildrens folding chairs and is intended to be updated if substantive information becomes availablethat necessitates additional requirements or just
5、ifies revision of existing requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes testingrequirements for structural integrity and performance require-ments for childrens folding chairs. It also provides require-ments for labeling. The term unit or product will refer to achilds fold
6、ing chair.1.2 This specification covers a folding chair intended to beused by a child with a seat height 15 in. or less.1.3 No product produced after the approval date of thisconsumer safety specification shall, either by label or othermeans, indicate compliance with this specification unless itconf
7、orms to all applicable requirements contained herein,before and after all testing.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5
8、 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Docu
9、ments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF 404 Consumer Safety Specification for High ChairsF 406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play YardsF 963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy SafetyF 1561 Performance Requirements for Plastic C
10、hairs forOutdoor Use2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500.3 (c) (6) (vi) Definition of “Flammable Solid”16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point In Toys and Other Articles Inte
11、nded for UseBy Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended for Use By Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other1This consumer safety specification is under
12、 the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.59 on Childrens Folding Chairs.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published March 2007.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S
13、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.g
14、po.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Articles Intended for Use By Children Under Three Yearsof Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms
15、Specific to This Standard:3.2 conspicuous, adjdescribes a label that is visible, whenthe unit is in a manufacturers recommended use position, to aperson standing near the unit at any one position around theunit but not necessarily visible from all positions.3.3 folding chair , nseating furniture tha
16、t is intended to beused as a support for the body, limbs, or feet when sitting orresting in an upright or reclining position and which can befolded for transport or storage.3.4 manufacturers recommended use position, nany po-sition that is presented by the manufacturer in any descriptiveor instructi
17、onal literature as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for use of the product. This specifically excludespositions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in itsliterature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.3.5 non-paper label, nlabel material (such as plastic ormetal) t
18、hat either will not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.3.6 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product that isset up in one of the manufacturers recommended use posi-tions.3.7 paper label, nany label material that tears without theaid o
19、f tools and leaves a fibrous edge.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless test instructs differently.4.2 The unit shall be completely assembled, unless other-wise noted, in accorda
20、nce with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be preconditioned in aroom with ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for atleast 1 h prior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted withinthis temperature
21、 range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Prior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smoothand free of splinters.5.2 There shall be no hazardous sharp points or edges asdefined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 bef
22、ore orafter testing to this specification.5.3 There shall be no small parts, as defined by 16 CFR1501, before testing or liberated as a result of testing inaccordance with this specification.5.4 The paint and surface coating on the product shallcomply with 16 CFR 1303.5.5 There shall be no flammable
23、 solids as defined in 16 CFR1500.3 (c) (6) (vi) before or after testing in accordance withthis specification.5.6 Toy accessories attached to, removable from, or soldwith a product, as well as their means of attachment, must meetapplicable requirements of Consumer Safety SpecificationF 963.5.7 Scisso
24、ring, Shearing, or PinchingA product, when inany manufacturers recommended use position, shall be de-signed and constructed to prevent injury to the occupant fromany scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or com-ponents rotate about a common axis or fastening point, slide,pivot, fold, or oth
25、erwise move relative to one another. Scissor-ing, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury shall not bepermissible when the edges of the rigid parts admit a probe thatis greater than 0.210 in. (5.30 mm) and less than 0.375 in. (9.50mm) diameter at any accessible point throughout the range ofmotio
26、n of such parts.5.8 Folding Mechanisms and HingesThese requirementsare intended to eliminate possible crushing, laceration, orpinching hazards that might occur in folding mechanisms andhinges. Examples are the sudden collapse or unexpectedmotion of a folding mechanism or hinge that produces a scisso
27、raction; and the changing clearances at the hinge line betweentwo hinged portions, such that the gap will admit fingers at oneposition of the hinge but not at all positions.5.8.1 Folding MechanismsProducts shall have a lockingdevice or other means to prevent unexpected or suddenmovement or collapse
28、of the product, or have adequateclearance to provide protection for the fingers, hands, and toesfrom crushing or laceration in the event of sudden movementor collapse of the product.5.8.2 Locking devices and other means to prevent unex-pected or sudden movement or collapse of the product shallengage
29、 automatically when the product is placed in anymanufacturers recommended use position. Latches may bemanually activated to allow placement into the use position butmust engage automatically when released. During and uponcompletion of the testing in 6.1, the unit shall remain in itsrecommended use p
30、osition.5.8.3 If a unit is designed with a locking device:5.8.3.1 Each single action device shall require a minimumforce of 10 lbf (45 N) to activate the release mechanism whentested in accordance with 6.2.5.8.3.2 Each double action locking device shall requireeither two consecutive actions, the fir
31、st of which must bemaintained while the second is carried out, or two separate andindependent single action locking mechanisms that must beactivated simultaneously to fully release. There are no forcerequirements for double action locking devices.5.8.4 Hinge Line ClearanceProducts having a gap orcle
32、arance along the hinge line between a stationary portion anda movable portion shall be so constructed that, if the accessiblegap at the hinge line will admit a316-in. (5-mm) diameter rod,it will also admit a12-in. (13-mm) diameter rod at all positionsof the hinge.5.8.5 No product shall give the appe
33、arance of being in anymanufacturers recommended use position unless the lockingdevice is fully engaged.5.9 Circular Holes in Rigid MaterialsThis requirement isintended to prevent finger entrapment (which may cut off bloodF2613072circulation) in accessible holes in sheet metal and other rigidmaterial
34、s (non-circular holes are believed to present no signifi-cant hazard of cutting off blood circulation in entrappedfingers). If an accessible, circular hole in any rigid material lessthan 0.062 in. (1.58 mm) in thickness can admit a14-in.(6-mm) diameter rod to a depth of38 in. (10 mm) or greater, its
35、hall also admit a12-in. (13-mm) diameter rod. The productshall be evaluated in all manufacturers recommended usepositions.5.9.1 RationaleBased on requirements for toys from Con-sumer Safety Specification F 963, since the age range ofchildren using folding chairs is similar to that for childrenusing
36、toys.5.10 Labeling:5.10.1 Warning labels (whether paper or non-paper) shall bepermanent when tested in accordance with 6.3.5.10.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburning, and so forth shall be permanent when tested inac
37、cordance with 6.4.5.10.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 6.5.5.11 Protective ComponentsIf the child can grasp com-ponents between the thumb and forefinger or teeth (such ascaps, sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges,points, or entrapment
38、 of fingers or toes), or if there is at leasta 0.040-in. (1.00-mm) gap between the component and itsadjacent parent component, such component shall not beremoved when tested in accordance with 6.6.6. Test Methods6.1 Locking Mechanisms:6.1.1 Erect the product in accordance with any manufactur-ers ins
39、tructions.6.1.2 Secure the product so that the normal folding motionis not impeded.6.1.3 Apply a force of 45 lbf (200 N) to the product in thedirection normally associated with folding. Apply the forcegradually over a 5-s period and maintain for an additional 10 sbefore releasing the force.6.1.4 Per
40、form this procedure five times within a 2-minperiod.6.2 Locking Test MethodWith the product in each of themanufacturers recommended use positions, gradually apply aforce of 10 lbf (45 N) to the locking mechanism in the directiontending to unlock it. The locking mechanism shall not unlockuntil a mini
41、mum force of 10 lbf (45 N) has been achieved.6.3 Permanency of Labels and Warnings:6.3.1 A paper label (excluding labels attached by a seam)shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt to removeit without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be removed, ittears into pieces upon removal, or
42、 such action damages thesurface to which it is attached.6.3.2 A non-paper label (excluding labels attached by aseam) shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt toremove it without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot beremoved or such action damages the surface to which it isattached.6.3
43、.3 A warning label attached by a seam shall be consid-ered permanent if it does not detach when subjected to a 15-lbf(67-N) pull force applied in any direction most likely to causefailure using a34-in. (19-mm) diameter clamp surface (see Fig.1). Gradually apply the force over 5 s and maintain for an
44、additional 10 s.6.4 Adhesion test for warnings applied directly onto thesurface of the product.6.4.1 Apply the tape test defined in Test Method BCross-Cut Tape Test of Test Methods D 3359, eliminating parallelcuts.6.4.2 Perform this test once in each different location wherewarnings are applied.6.4.
45、3 The warning statements shall be considered perma-nent if the printing in the area tested is still legible and attachedafter being subjected to this test.FIG. 1 Tension Test Adapter/ClampF26130736.5 A non-paper label, during an attempt to remove itwithout the aid of tools or solvents, shall not be
46、removed orshall not fit entirely within the small parts cylinder defined in16 CFR 1501 if it can be removed.6.6 Removal of Protective Components:6.6.1 Test components in accordance with each of thefollowing methods in the sequence listed:6.6.2 Secure the unit so that it cannot move during theperform
47、ance of the following tests.6.6.3 Torque TestApply a torque of 3 lbf-in. (0.5-Nm)gradually within a period of5sinaclockwise direction untila rotation of 180 from the original position has been attainedor 3 lbf-in. (0.5-Nm) has been reached. Maintain the torque ormaximum rotation for an additional 10
48、 s. Maintain, thenremove the torque and permit the test components to return toa relaxed condition, then repeat this procedure in the counter-clockwise direction.6.6.4 Tension Test:6.6.4.1 Attach a force gauge to the component cap, sleeve,or plug by any suitable device. For components having a gap o
49、f0.040 in. (1.0 mm) or more between the rear surface of thecomponent and the structural member of the unit to which theyare attached, a clamp such as shown in Fig. 1 may be a suitabledevice.6.6.4.2 Be sure the attachment device does not compress orexpand the component to hinder removal of the component.6.6.4.3 Gradually apply a 15-lbf (67-N) force in the direc-tion that would normally be associated with the removal of thecomponent. Apply the force within 5 s and maintain for anadditional 10 s.7. Marking and Labeling7.1 Labeling:7.1.1 Each pr
