1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4148:1985 ISO 4:1984 Specification for Abbreviation of title words and titles of publications ISO title: Documentation Rules for the abbreviation of title words and titles of publications UDC 025.324:003.083BS4148:1985 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directi
2、onof the Documentation Standards Committee, was published under the authority ofthe Board of BSI and comesintoeffect on 30 August 1985 BSI 11-1999 First published as BS 4148-1 April1967 First revision March 1970 Second revision as BS 4148 August1985 The following BSI references relate to the work on
3、 this standard: Committee reference DOS/12 Draft for comment 82/62632 DC ISBN 0 580 14569 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Documentation Standards Committee (DOS/-) to Technical Committee DOS/12, upon which the following
4、 bodies were represented: Aslib British Library (Bibliographic Services Division) British Library (Lending Division) British Library (Reference Division) Loughborough University of Technology Standing Conference of National and University Libraries Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date o
5、f issue CommentsBS4148:1985 BSI 11-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope and field of application 1 2 References 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Rules for word abbreviations 2 5 Rules for title abbreviation 3 Publications referred to Inside
6、back coverBS4148:1985 ii BSI 11-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Documentation Standards Committee. It is identical with ISO 4:1984 “Documentation Rules for the abbreviation of title words and titles of publications”, published by the Internat
7、ional Organization for Standardization (ISO). It supersedes BS 4148-1:1970, which is withdrawn. BS 4148-2:1975 was withdrawn in 1980 because it was obsolete. The publication that should now be used in conjunction with this edition of this British Standard is the “List of serial title word abbreviati
8、ons”, mentioned in clause 1. The British Library, Bibliographic Services Division 1) , will supply further information about the list. Terminology and conventions. The text of the International Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as a British Standard without deviation. Some termi
9、nology and certain conventions are not identical with those used in British Standards; attention is drawn especially to the following. Where the words “International Standard” appear, referring to this standard, they should be read as “British Standard”. Cross-references. The use of ISO 9 and ISO 84
10、3, referred to in 4.8, is optional and does not affect the validity of the standard; the related British Standard is BS 2979:1958 “Transliteration of Cyrillic and Greek characters”. Additional information. In the text of this standard, the rules are given using, variously, the constructions “is”, “a
11、re”, “should” and “shall”. For the purposes of this British Standard these terms should be regarded as equivalent, and be read as “shall” or “shall be”. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their cor
12、rect application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyrigh
13、t date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. 1) British Library, Bibliographic Services Division, 2 Sheraton Street, London W1V 4BH.BS4148:1985 BSI 11-1999 1 0 Introduction The rules contained herein are applicable to the
14、abbreviation of the titles of serial publications of all types and, if appropriate, of non-serial publications. They are intended to guide and assist authors, editors, librarians, and others working in various fields of information transfer in preparing unambiguous abbreviations for the titles of pu
15、blications cited for example in footnotes, references and bibliographies. Such citations include those produced by abstracting and indexing services, lists of references accompanying articles, and public or private files where document identification is a concern. Owing to the large number of differ
16、ent serial and non-serial publications subject to reference by abbreviated citation, the many different languages in which they are published, the different ways of recording them and the widely diversified intellectual backgrounds of persons using title abbreviations, it is not possible to set down
17、 rules that will in every instance assure unassisted reconstruction of the original titles of the publications cited in abbreviated form. As one way to facilitate this identification, authors and editors who make extensive use of title abbreviations in their publications are encouraged and urged to
18、make available to their readers, at frequent intervals, lists of the abbreviated titles they use, with corresponding equivalent unabbreviated titles. The basic philosophy presented in this International Standard is that each title should have its own unique abbreviation. This is to be achieved throu
19、gh application of the rules this International Standard provides in conjunction with a list of standardized title word abbreviations. It is recognized that for international information exchange an international system for the establishment of unique title abbreviations of serial publications is als
20、o necessary. By this arrangement no two titles will have identical abbreviations, nor will a single abbreviation represent more than one title. 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard gives rules for abbreviating titles of serial and, if appropriate, non-serial publications in t
21、he Italic, Germanic, Balto-Slavonic, Hellenic, Uralo-Altaic languages. This International Standard also serves as the basis for the establishment of title word abbreviations entered into the List of Serial Title Word Abbreviations. 2) 2 References ISO 9, Documentation Transliteration of Slavic Cyril
22、lic characters into Latin characters 3) . ISO 843, Documentation Transliteration of Greek characters into Latin characters 4) . 3 Definitions 3.1 acronym a word formed by the initial letter or letters of each of the successive parts or major parts of a compound term 3.2 artificial word a word create
23、d for a special purpose and not normally found in dictionaries 3.3 compound word a word whose component parts are themselves words, combining forms or affixes 3.4 contraction a shortening of a word, syllable, or word group by omission of letters 3.5 corporate body organization or group of persons id
24、entified by a particular name 3.6 generic term a term in a title that indicates the kind and/or frequency of a publication such as: abhandlungen, annales, berichte, bulletin, cahiers, annual report, comptes rendus, proceedings, yearbook, etc. 2) This list is published jointly by ISO and the Internat
25、ional Centre of ISDS, 20, rue Bachaumont, 75002 Paris. 3) At present at the stage of draft. (Revision of ISO/R 9:1968.) 4) At present at the stage of draft. (Revision of ISO/R 843:1968.)BS4148:1985 2 BSI 11-1999 3.7 qualifying element an element added to an abbreviated title to make the abbreviated
26、title unique 3.8 section title a title specific to a subdivision of a publication. The subdivision may additionally be designated by a number or letter 3.9 serial a publication, in print or in non-print form, issued in successive parts, usually having numerical or chronological designations, and int
27、ended to be continued indefinitely. Serials include periodicals, newspapers, annuals (reports, yearbooks, directories, etc.), journals, memoirs, proceedings, transactions, etc. of societies, and monographic series NOTEIt should be noted that this definition does not include works produced in success
28、ive parts for a period predetermined as finite, and that it allows the inclusion of unnumbered series. 3.10 title a word, phrase, character, or group of characters which appear in the work and serve to name and identify it 3.11 truncation a shortening of a word by the omission of two or more continu
29、ous letters at the end 4 Rules for word abbreviations 4.1 Methods The recommended method of abbreviation is by truncation. Example: literature: lit. Words are also abbreviated by contraction according to language practice. Examples: Zeitung:Ztg. knyvtr: kvt. Abbreviation to a single letter is limite
30、d to very frequently used generic words. Example: Journal: J. Whether the method of abbreviation is truncation or contraction, at least two letters shall be dropped from the word to be abbreviated. Words from which only a single letter would be dropped are not abbreviated. A full stop (period) shoul
31、d be used to indicate an abbreviation, and is required after all word abbreviations. 4.2 Diacritic marks Diacritic marks should be retained in the word abbreviations. For languages where an alternative spelling without diacritics is also possible this alternative may be used instead (see also 4.8).
32、Example: 4.3 Artificial words Artificial words shall be retained as they appear on the publication. Examples: diamat chemtech 4.4 Plurals, other inflected forms and derivates 4.4.1 Plurals An abbreviation for the singular form of a word shall also be used for the plural form, as long as the orthogra
33、phy of the abbreviation is the same for both the plural and the singular forms. Examples: When the method of abbreviation is contraction and if the orthography of the word changes in the plural form, the abbreviation of the plural form may be different from the singular form. Example: The plural for
34、m of a word may be abbreviated even when the singular form is not abbreviated, provided that more than one letter would be dropped. Example: berwachungs-: berwach. Ueberwach. importation : import. importations: import. Jahrbuch : Jahrb. Jahrbcher : Jahrb. country : ctry. countries: ctries. child not
35、 abbreviated children abbreviated as child.BS4148:1985 BSI 11-1999 3 4.4.2 Other inflected forms An abbreviation shall be used for all inflected forms of a word. Example: 4.4.3 Derivatives If orthographic changes in the derivative form change the part of the word retained as an abbreviation, the abb
36、reviation for the derivative form should be different from that of the root form. Example: If the orthographic changes do not affect the abbreviation for the derivative form, the abbreviation for the derivative and root forms should be the same. Examples: The derivative of a word may be abbreviated
37、even when the root form is not abbreviated. Example: A derivative of a word which has acquired a different meaning or a different morphological structure should have a different abbreviation. Example: 4.5 Appended article In some languages the definite article is attached to the word. The same abbre
38、viation should be used for the word with an appended article or without one. Example: 4.6 Unrelated words Unrelated words shall have different abbreviations. Example: 4.7 Compound words Each component of a compound word should be abbreviated. The abbreviation of each component should be followed by
39、a full stop (period) without a space. However, full stops (periods) with the exception of the last one may be omitted if required by national practice. Examples: Hyphens appearing in compound words shall be retained. Examples: 4.8 Transliteration Words appearing in Cyrillic and Greek alphabets may b
40、e transliterated according to ISO 9 and ISO843 for the purpose of international communication. Diacritics occurring in the transliterated word, shall be retained in the abbreviation. Examples: 4.9 Substitution of characters The abbreviation of a word should not contain any characters not present in
41、the word itself. Examples: 5 Rules for title abbreviation 5.1 Word order The order of the abbreviated words should follow the order of the words as they appear in the title. promy commas should be omitted in the abbreviated title and full stops replaced by commas. Full stops should only be used to i
42、ndicate an abbreviation. Examples: 5.7 Special characters and symbols Special characters or symbols appearing in the original title should be retained unchanged in the title abbreviation. Examples: 5.8 Distinction and clarification Identical abbreviated titles should be distinguished by adding a qua
43、lifying element in parentheses:place (town), place and date, edition, or if these are not sufficient other qualifying information. The qualifying element may be abbreviated. Examples: complete title : Medicina. Supplement abbreviated title: Medicina, Suppl. The New Hungarian Quarterly : New Hung. Q.
44、 Los Alamos Life Science Symposium : Los Alamos Life Sci. Symp. Vom SIH fr Sie : Vom SIH Sie Vom Wasser : Vom Wasser Za Wolno7 i Lud: Za Wol. Lud. Archives of internal medicine: Arch. intern. med. Arch. Intern. Med. Arch. intern. Med. ARCH. INTERN. MED. c Acta mineralogica, petrografica : Acta miner
45、al, petrogr. Soviet Physics. Technical Physics: Sov. Phys., Tech. Phys. Full title : Metall-Reinigung + Vorbehandlung Abbreviated title: Met.-Reinig. + Vorbehandl. Full title : New 4 ; B-Multiwine Proportional Counter for the4; B-Y Coincidence Measurement Abbreviated title: New 4 ; B-Multiwine Proportional Counter 4 ; B-Y Coincidence Meas. Full titles: Expriences et innovations en ducation Experiencias e innovaciones en educacin Experiments and innovations in education Abbreviated titles: Exp. innov. duc. (Ed. fr.) Exp. innov. educ. (Ed. esp.) Exp. innov. educ. (Engl. ed.)
