1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5502-60: 1992 Buildings and structures for agriculture Part 60: Code of practice for design and construction of buildings for mushroomsBS5502-60:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering (B
2、/-), was publishedunder the authority of the Standards Board and comesinto effect on 28 February 1992 BSI 08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/549 Draft for comment 90/14575 ISBN 0 580 20494 4 Committees responsible for this British Standard
3、 The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering (B/-) to Technical Committee B/549, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cement Association British Commercial Glasshouse Manufacturers Association British Pr
4、ecast Concrete Federation Ltd. British Veterinary Association Department of Agriculture Northern Ireland Farm and Rural Buildings Centre Farm Buildings Association Health and Safety Executive Institution of Civil Engineers Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Royal Inst
5、itute of British Architects Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Scottish Office (Agriculture and Fisheries Department) Silsoe Research Institute Steel Construction Institute Transport and General Workers Union Water Services Association of England and Wales Amendments issued since publication A
6、md. No. Date CommentsBS5502-60:1992 BSI 08-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 General 1 4 Design, materials and construction 1 5 Environment 3 6 Services 3 7 Fire precautions, safety, welfare and hygiene 4 8 Safety signs and notices
7、 4 Index 5 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS5502-60:1992 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword This Part of BS 5502 has been prepared under the direction of the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering. It comprises a partial revision of BS5502-2.3:1981 which is withdrawn. While BS55
8、02 is being revised and added to, the opportunity is being taken to restructure the standard into the following broad subject areas: Part 0: Introduction and consolidated index; Parts 10 to 19: Reference information and legislation; Parts 20 to 39: General design; Parts 40 to 59: Livestock buildings
9、; Parts 60 to 79: Crop buildings; Parts 80 to 99: Ancillary buildings. More specifically, the crop building series will comprise: Part 60: Code of practice for design and construction of buildings for mushrooms; Part 65: Code of practice for design and construction of crop processing buildings; Part
10、 66: Code of practice for design and construction of chitting houses; Part 70: Code of practice for design and construction of ventilated on floor stores for combinable crops; Part 71: Code of practice for design and construction of ventilated stores for potatoes and onions; Part 72: Code of practic
11、e for design and construction of controlled environment stores for vegetables, fruit and flowers; Part 74: Code of practice for design and construction of buildings for bins and silos for combinable crops. A more detailed description of the new structure of BS5502 is given in Part0 1) . The object o
12、f introducing the new structure is to allow subject areas to be broadly characterized, and related subject matter, whether in the form of recommendations, guidance or supporting data, to be rationalized and brought together. It will also allow sufficient flexibility to enable BS5502 to be expanded a
13、nd developed in a logical way in the future. It has been assumed in the drafting of this Part of BS5502 that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose guidance it has been prepared. A British Standard does not purport to include all the
14、 necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
15、pages1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. 1) In preparation.BS5502-60:1992 BSI 08-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of BS 5502 gives
16、 recommendations for the design and construction of buildings and structures used for cultivation of mushrooms. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in BS 6100 apply
17、. 3 General 3.1 Cultivation 3.1.1 Mushrooms are grown commercially on compost in controlled environment conditions. There are nine stages as follows. a) Compost preparation. b) Filling of trays, shelves or boxes with compost. c) Pasteurization. (Sterilization of compost by heating.) d) Inoculation.
18、(Seeding of compost with spawn.) e) Spawn running. (Development of mycellium.) f) Casing. (Covering mycellium with a thin layer of peat.) g) Growing. h) Harvesting. i) Sterilization. NOTEStages c) to g) can be considered as the production. 3.1.2 Compost preparation takes place in a compost yard wher
19、e manure is brought onto the unit and converted into compost by the incorporation of additives and by turning and watering. Filling of containers may take place in the yard or in the production building dependent on the system adopted. 3.1.3 The two systems of mushroom production are: a) the shelf s
20、ystem; b) the tray system. The shelf system uses fixed shelves or boxes containing compost with all stages b) to h) carried out in the same building. The tray system uses portable trays that are filled in the yard and moved from one building or room to another dependent on the production stage. 3.1.
21、4 Sterilization of the building following harvest is either by “cooking out” at high temperature and humidity or by fumigation usually with methyl bromide. 3.2 Siting Consideration should be given to the siting of buildings (seeBS5502-20). In particular consideration should be given to the following
22、: a) choosing a gently sloping site to assist drainage; b) ease of access; c) the availability of services; d) proximity to the highway; e) integration with grading and packing buildings; f) allowing for future expansion. 4 Design, materials and construction 4.1 General 4.1.1 The design, choice of m
23、aterials and construction of buildings for mushrooms should be in accordance with BS 5502-20, BS 5502-21, BS5502-22, BS 5502-23 and BS 5502-25. 4.1.2 Foundations, support structures and, where compost is handled in bulk, retaining walls should be designed and constructed to withstand loads from the
24、compost, crop and mechanical transport in accordance with BS5502-22. 4.1.3 Structures should be designed to minimize differential settlement, deflection and structural movement that could cause fracturing of surfaces and permit moisture ingress or infestation. 4.1.4 The interiors of production build
25、ings need sterilization after the growing period. This should be considered when selecting materials. 4.1.5 Materials and treatments used in the construction should not impart odour or taint to the crop. 4.1.6 All parts of the structure should be constructed in accordance with the recommendations gi
26、ven in BS8000. 4.2 Floors 4.2.1 Floors should be designed and constructed to withstand the load from the crop, compost and mechanical transport. The floor should be even, with a hard wearing surface, capable of being cleaned and not susceptible to cracking or crazing. Thermal and shrinkage movement
27、should be minimized by the correct placing of construction, expansion and contraction joints. 4.2.2 For compost yards, floors should be designed to withstand loads from transport with high axle loading and be laid to falls of 1 : 60 to drainage channels connected to the waste water system.BS5502-60:
28、1992 2 BSI 08-1999 4.2.3 For production buildings, floors should be laid to falls of not less than 1 : 100 to drainage gullies connected to the waste water system. To restrict heat loss, the floor of production buildings may be insulated. 4.3 Walls and roofs 4.3.1 Compost yards Walls to compost yard
29、s are not usually required. If the yard is roofed to provide weather protection then any walling provided should not interfere with the free circulation of air through the building, and consideration should be given to the use of ventilated cladding. Where compost is handled in bulk, walls should be
30、 protected from damage. Where a loading wall is provided, this should be designed to withstand the loads of fully saturated peat (see BS5502-22). The angle of repose and angle of shearing resistance for wet peat should be taken as15 . 4.3.2 Production buildings Walls and roofs for production buildin
31、gs should be insulated and contain a vapour check (see 4.6). The internal surface finish should be smooth and impervious, to facilitate cleaning by pressure washing. 4.3.3 Film-plastics clad structures 4.3.3.1 Where film-plastics clad structures are used as production buildings, they should be insul
32、ated and clad both externally and internally, with layers of plastics film or woven film material on either side of the insulation. 4.3.3.2 Where the bracing and framing are formed from steel sections they should be hot dip galvanized to BS729 or similarly coated to BS2989. All metal edges should be
33、 taped to prevent damage to the cladding. 4.3.3.3 The inner cladding should be a white woven or clear plastics film of minimum1254m thickness, lapped and jointed to produce a gas tight lining. Outer sheets should have an ultraviolet inhibitor, incorporating at least2% carbon black in the base materi
34、al, and be durable. NOTEAn expected life of the internal and external cladding should be given. 4.3.3.4 The cladding should be supported on galvanized or polyvinyl chloride sheathed wire, spaced longitudinally around the hoops. At the base the cladding should be secured to a wall plate bolted to the
35、 top of a ring beam or a dwarf wall. 4.4 Doors 4.4.1 The size and position of doors in production buildings should be determined by the production system. The doors should be insulated, contain a vapour check, have an internal finish similar to the walls and be capable of withstanding pressure washi
36、ng. Doors should be fitted with seals to assist temperature control and prevent loss of fumigation gases. 4.4.2 Door thresholds should be designed to keep out water. External access areas should slope away from the doorway. 4.5 Insulation 4.5.1 Insulation, where provided, should be continuous over a
37、ll roof and wall surfaces. The recommended level of insulation for production buildings is 0.4 W/(m 2 K). 4.5.2 Insulation should be protected from impact damage, should not harbour pests and should be durable for the intended life of the building. 4.6 Vapour checks 4.6.1 Moisture penetration into i
38、nsulation reduces its efficiency. A vapour check should be provided due to the high relative humidities created in production buildings. In addition there is the need to provide a barrier to the migration of either methyl bromide or water vapour during fumigation. 4.6.2 Vapour checks have to withsta
39、nd vapour pressure differences created by external ambient winter temperatures and humidities with internal temperatures of over70 C at100% relative humidity. 4.7 Equipment Equipment may be sited within or external to the buildings. Equipment should be protected against the severe environmental cond
40、itions likely at the various stages of cultivation. 4.8 Drainage Materials used to construct the waste water system should be resistant to chemicals used for sterilization. All gullies and channels should be fitted with removable covers. All manholes should have silt traps. 4.9 Layout and dimensions
41、 4.9.1 Site The site layout should ensure an efficient flow between processes, see3.1. The compost yard and produce despatch should be sited near the main access.BS5502-60:1992 BSI 08-1999 3 4.9.2 Compost yards The size of the yard should be determined by the scale of the enterprise, throughput of c
42、ompost and method of handling. Usually manure is stacked in conical rows approximately1.8m wide 1.8m high. Rows are3.0m apart with dished drainage channels between. The shape should be based on this module size with allowance for access and handling. 4.9.3 Production building The number of buildings
43、 in a layout will depend on the scale of the enterprise and the required continuity of output. The size of individual buildings will be determined by the batch size, the dimensions and stacking pattern of trays, shelves or boxes and the handling procedure. 5 Environment 5.1 Heating and refrigeration
44、 5.1.1 Heating should be installed that is capable of maintaining an air temperature of15 C to 18 C in growing rooms and21 C to 27 C in spawn running rooms. Heating controls should be capable of maintaining the temperature within 0.5 C. 5.1.2 Pasteurization involves heating the compost, usually by s
45、team, to 60 C. 5.1.3 Where sterilization by cooking out is to be practised, steam injection may be required to raise the temperature above70 C. 5.1.4 Under ambient conditions, refrigeration may be required for cooling to maintain the required temperature control. 5.2 Ventilation 5.2.1 Ventilation wi
46、th fresh air between pasteurization and the conclusion of spawn running is undesirable due to the possiblity of contamination. Recirculation of air through a cooler should therefore be considered. 5.2.2 Ventilation equipment should be installed to maintain an even temperature. A maximum ratio of0.05
47、 m 3 /s per tonne of compost is normally adequate. 5.3 Light In production buildings, excluding inoculation areas, natural light should be excluded. 6 Services 6.1 Electrical installation 6.1.1 Electrical installation should be in accordance with BS5502-25 and the current Institute of Electrical Eng
48、ineers (IEE) Wiring Regulations. 6.1.2 Equipment should be resistant to the temperatures, humidities and dust likely to occur. 6.1.3 All exposed metal work should be earth bonded. 6.1.4 Socket outlets should be of industrial quality, either metal or plastics and should be resistant to impact, dust a
49、nd moisture. They should be located adjacent to doorways and equipment. 6.2 Lighting 6.2.1 A general lighting level of50lx should be provided in production buildings. Where artificial lighting is required in compost yards, the lighting level should be a minimum of20lx. 6.2.2 All lighting components and switches should be suitably installed and sealed against dust and moisture. 6.2.3 Low voltage or battery powered inspection lamps should be considered. 6.3 Water supply and drainage 6.3.1 Water used for processing should be of potable quali
