1、BS 6472-1:2008Guide to evaluation of human exposure to vibration in buildingsPart 1: Vibration sources other than blastingICS 13.160NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this doc
2、ument indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 53027 2The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference GME/21Draft for comment 06/19971045/DCPublication historyFirst published June 2008Amendments issued since publicationAmd. no. Date Tex
3、t affectedBS 6472-1:2008 BSI 2008 iBS 6472-1:2008ContentsForeword iiIntroduction 11 Scope 12 Normative references 23 Evaluation of building vibration with respect to human response 24 Characteristics of building vibration 85 Measuring and estimating building vibration 106 Assessment of building vibr
4、ation with respect to human response 12AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Suggested format and content of an assessment report 13Annex B (informative) Calculation examples of evaluations and assessments 14Annex C (informative) Derivation of values appropriate to this British Standard from historic data 15
5、Annex D (informative) Estimation of building vibration 18Bibliography 20List of figuresFigure 1 Frequency weighting curve (Wb) appropriate for vertical vibration 4Figure 2 Frequency weighting curve (Wd) appropriate for horizontal vibration 4List of tablesTable 1 Vibration dose value ranges which mig
6、ht result in various probabilities of adverse comment within residential buildings 12Table C.1 Wband Wgfrequency weightings including band limiting, and their differences in arithmetic and logarithmic form corresponding to true one-third-octave centre frequencies 17Summary of pagesThis document comp
7、rises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 21 and a back cover.BS 6472-1:2008ii BSI 2008 This page deliberately left blank BSI 2008 iiiBS 6472-1:2008ForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 6472 was published by BSI and came into effect on 30 June 2008. It was prepare
8、d by Subcommittee GME/21/6, Human exposure to mechanical vibration and shock, under the authority of Technical Committee GME/21, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Supersession Togeth
9、er with BS 6472-2:2008 this part of BS 6472 supersedes BS 6472:1992, which is withdrawn.Information about this documentThis British Standard contains guidance on the evaluation of vibration with respect to human response not available in ISO 2631-2:2003. The frequency weighting function for vertical
10、 vibration has changed from Wgto Wbcompared with BS 6472:1992 (withdrawn) and hence vibration evaluations will not be the same as those made previously. The differences depend on the vibration spectrum and may be small, but a difference of a factor of two is possible. This difference could be a fact
11、or of 1.4 lower for vibrations that are predominantly at the lowest frequency, or could be a factor up to two higher for vibrations with dominant components at the top end of the frequency range. The frequency weightings introduced for vertical and horizontal vibration mean that the effective freque
12、ncy range is 0.5 Hz to 80 Hz.The standard no longer uses basi-centric coordinates that move with the orientation of the human body but uses the geocentric coordinate system in which the vertical and horizontal axes are earth-centred and hence the weightings for supine subjects exposed to motion in t
13、he back-to-chest and foot-to-head axes are exchanged compared with previous versions of the standard.BS 6472-1 and BS 6472-2 contain guidance that takes account of recent developments in the subject. The layout of the standards differs substantially from previous editions. These present versions are
14、 intended to be more logical and approachable in their presentation of the background to human perception, in their descriptions of the assessment procedures involved, and in the measurement and evaluation guidance offered.BS 6472-1 offers guidance on how people inside buildings respond to building
15、vibration: the judgement criteria are more stringent at higher frequencies than in the superseded standard due to changes in the vertical frequency weighting.BS 6472-2 deals with the particular problems associated with periodic blasting within range of inhabited buildings: the guidance is a formaliz
16、ation of established, widely recognized techniques common in industry.BS 6472-1:2008iv BSI 2008BS 6472-1 advises use of the estimated vibration dose value only as an approximation to the vibration dose value for vibration that is not time-varying in magnitude and has a crest factor which is below ab
17、out six. Use of the estimated dose value is not recommended for vibration with time-varying characteristics or shocks.A bibliography of appropriate supporting data published elsewhere is included.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provi
18、sions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BSI 2008 1BS 6472-1:2008IntroductionStructural vibration in buildings can be detected by the occupants and can affect them in many ways; their qual
19、ity of life can be reduced, as can their working efficiency.The first overt sign of an unfavourable reaction to building vibration is adverse comment, whereby occupants express negative responses to the vibration. The prevalence of adverse comment depends on specific circumstances, which can include
20、 parallel effects such as re-radiated noise. The acceptable magnitudes for building vibration might depend similarly on these parallel effects. This British Standard provides best available information on the application of methods of measuring and evaluating vibration in order to assess the likelih
21、ood of adverse comment.1 ScopeThis part of BS 6472 provides guidance on predicting human response to vibration in buildings over the frequency range 0.5 Hz to 80 Hz. Frequency weighting curves for human beings exposed to whole-body vibration are included, together with advice on measurement methods
22、to be employed. Methods of assessing continuous, intermittent and impulsive vibration are presented.This part of BS 6472 describes how to determine the vibration dose value, VDV, from frequency-weighted vibration measurements. The vibration dose value is used to estimate the probability of adverse c
23、omment which might be expected from human beings experiencing vibration in buildings. Consideration is given to the time of day and use made of occupied space in buildings, whether residential, office or workshop.NOTE 1 In critical work areas, where vibration criteria more stringent than those for h
24、uman perception are appropriate, this British Standard does not apply.NOTE 2 Annex A outlines the way in which methods, results and assessments are to be reported, since great care is needed if satisfactory, repeatable conclusions are to be obtained. Annex B provides worked examples of how measureme
25、nts and predictions might be interpreted in terms of human reaction. Annex C provides examples of the derivation of values appropriate to this British Standard from historic data.This British Standard does not give guidance on the probability of equipment malfunction, structural damage or injury to
26、occupants in buildings subject to vibration. Neither is guidance given on legal liability or methods of vibration limitation, although beneficial means to the latter are often implied.BS 6472-1:20082 BSI 20082 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the applicati
27、on of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 6841, Guide to Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to whole-body mechanical vibration and repeated shock BS
28、EN ISO 8041, Human response to vibration Measuring instrumentation3 Evaluation of building vibration with respect to human response3.1 GeneralIn homes, adverse comment about building vibrations is likely when the vibration levels to which occupants are exposed are only slightly above thresholds of p
29、erception. In workplaces, adverse comment often arises at rather higher levels, although people in sedentary occupations respond more like home residents. In general, the satisfactory magnitudes referred to in this standard relate to adverse comments by building occupants and are not determined by f
30、actors such as short-term health hazard or working efficiency.Vibration magnitudes that would normally result in adverse comment can sometimes be tolerated, particularly for temporary disturbances or infrequent brief events; an example would be a construction project. However, to reduce adverse comm
31、ent, the affected community would usually need to be advised of the likely effects, the duration of the activity and that the likelihood of building damage is very low even when vibration levels are well above perception thresholds. This is usually best carried out by a formal programme of public li
32、aison, often in conjunction with the local authority. In cases of long term vibration, adverse comments can be modified by familiarization.The criteria to be used when assessing human response require consideration of the expected building occupation (homes, offices or workshops) and the activity of
33、 the occupants. The criteria should be applied to each occupied room of a building.Whether at home or at work, the vibration tolerance of people varies over a wide range. As well as a large range of individual vibration sensitivity over the population, specific values depend on social and cultural f
34、actors, psychological attitudes and the expected degree of intrusion.Building vibrations as they affect people can be classified usefully according to a combination of descriptions. The time history of the vibration input to the subject can be:continuous; intermittent; or occasional. BSI 2008 3BS 64
35、72-1:2008Each of these categories of time history can have one of the following characteristics of vibration: constant amplitude; variable amplitude; or impulsive.Impulsive vibration is most likely to startle subjects, particularly if irregularly or rarely occurring.The vibration dose summation proc
36、edure, as described in 3.5, allows comparison of all types of vibration exposure on a common basis, i.e. the severity of impulsive and/or intermittent vibration is evaluated on a basis applicable equally to continuous vibration.3.2 Frequency weighting3.2.1 GeneralThe way in which people perceive bui
37、lding vibration depends on various factors, including the vibration frequency and direction. Different frequency weightings are required for different axes of motion. 3.2.2 describes frequency weighting curves to be applied to vibration so that the resulting overall levels can be interpreted in term
38、s of perception, comfort or adverse comment for whole-body vibration. The frequency range concerned is 0.5 Hz to 80 Hz for the three translational axes: fore-and-aft, lateral and vertical.NOTE In previous versions of the standard, the frequency weightings have been specified with reference to the ba
39、si-centric coordinate system. The current view is that the vibration weightings appropriate to the geocentric coordinate system (earth-centred vertical and horizontal) should be applied (see BS 6841) and hence the weightings for supine subjects exposed to motion in the back-to-chest and foot-to-head
40、 axes are exchanged compared with previous versions.3.2.2 Frequency weighting curvesThe weighting curve modulus for vertical acceleration is shown in Figure 1. A different weighting curve applies for horizontal vibration. Its modulus is shown in Figure 2. The weightings Wb(for vertical motion) and W
41、d(for horizontal motion) are defined in BS 6841. The weightings demonstrate maximum sensitivity to vertical acceleration in the frequency range 4 Hz to 12.5 Hz and to horizontal acceleration in the range 1 Hz to 2 Hz.The mathematical definitions of the frequency weightings are given in BS 6841.NOTE
42、Wbis the most appropriate frequency weighting network for use with vertical vibration when the levels of vibration are clearly above the threshold of perception. At and just above the threshold of perception it seems that even Wbgives insufficient weight to vibration at the higher frequencies of the
43、 range considered.BS 6472-1:20084 BSI 2008Figure 1 Frequency weighting curve (Wb) appropriate for vertical vibrationFigure 2 Frequency weighting curve (Wd) appropriate for horizontal vibration1010.10.010.1 1 10 100Frequency(Hz)Modulus1010.10.010.1 1 10 100Frequency(Hz)Modulus BSI 2008 5BS 6472-1:200
44、83.3 Thresholds of perceptionPerception thresholds for continuous whole-body vibration vary widely among individuals. Approximately half the people in a typical population, when standing or seated, can perceive a vertical weighted peak acceleration of 0.015 msp2. The weighting used is Wb. A quarter
45、of the people would perceive a vibration of 0.01 msp2peak, but the least sensitive quarter would only be able to detect a vibration of 0.02 msp2peak or more. Perception thresholds are slightly higher for vibration duration of less than about 1 s.3.4 Time history of vibration occurrence3.4.1 GeneralB
46、uilding vibration can be continuous, intermittent, or occasional. It can also contain impulsive events, such as in shocks, in whole or in part.3.4.2 Continuous vibrationVibration is continuous when it is uninterrupted for the assessment period. This can be either a daytime period of 16 h, e.g. 7h00
47、to 23h00, or a night-time period of 8 h, e.g. 23h00 to 7h00.3.4.3 Intermittent vibrationIntermittent vibration is vibration which is perceived in separately identifiable repeated bursts. Its onset can be sudden, or there might be a gradual onset and termination bounding a more sustained event. Burst
48、s may happen several to many times in a day or night period.3.4.4 Occasional vibrationOccasional vibration occurs less often than intermittent vibration, and might be less predictable.3.4.5 Impulsive vibrationImpulsive vibration, whether continuous, intermittent or occasional, is a rapid build-up to
49、 a peak, which might or might not be sustained for a while, followed by a decay that might or might not involve several cycles of vibration (depending on frequency and damping).3.5 Vibration dose summationThe effect of building vibration on the people within is assessed by finding the appropriate vibration dose. Present knowledge shows that this type of vibration is best evaluated with the vibration dose value (VDV).BS 6472-1:20086 BSI 2008The VDV defines a relationship that yields a consistent assessment of continuous, in
