1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16581:2014Conservation of CulturalHeritage Surface protectionfor porous inorganic materials Laboratory test methodsfor the evaluation of theperformance of water repellentproductsBS EN 16581:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implement
2、ation of EN 16581:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/560, Conservation of tangible cultural heritage. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all th
3、e necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 82153 0 ICS 97.195 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Stand
4、ard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16581 December 2014 ICS 97.195 English Version Conservation of Cultu
5、ral Heritage - Surface protection for porous inorganic materials - Laboratory test methods for the evaluation of the performance of water repellent products Conservation du patrimoine culturel - Protection de surface des matriaux inorganiques poreux - Mthodes dessai en laboratoire pour lvaluation de
6、s performances des produits hydrofuges Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Oberflchenschutz fr porse anorganische Materialien - Laborprfverfahren fr die Ermittlung der Wirksamkeit von wasserabweisenden Produkten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 October 2014. CEN members are bound to co
7、mply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENEL
8、EC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
9、same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembou
10、rg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
11、2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16581:2014 EBS EN 16581:2014EN 16581:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Symbols and abbreviations
12、 6 5 Test methods for evaluation .7 6 Evaluation of long term performances 7 7 Test equipment for the treatment (apparatus and reagents) 7 8 Test procedure .8 8.1 Steps of evaluation of water repellent products 8 8.2 Specimen preparation and determination of dry mass .9 8.2.1 Number and dimensions o
13、f the test specimens .9 8.2.2 Surface preparation 11 8.2.3 Initial characterization before treatment 11 8.2.4 Measurement of dry mass after characterization tests and before the treatment (m0B) . 11 8.3 Methodology of treatment application 11 8.3.1 General . 11 8.3.2 Conditioning of the specimens .
14、11 8.3.3 Duration of water repellent application 11 8.3.4 Water repellent application by capillarity and measurement of dry constant mass after treatment (moA) 11 9 Determination of the amount of water repellent applied 12 10 Measurements and methods for treatment evaluation . 13 10.1 Determination
15、of water absorption by capillarity 13 10.2 Protection Degree by capillarity PDC13 10.3 Determination of water vapour permeability (p) 14 10.4 Reduction of water vapour permeability (p red) . 14 10.5 Determination of static contact angle. 14 10.6 Colour measurement of surfaces 15 10.7 Determination o
16、f water absorption by pipe method . 15 10.8 Protection Degree of water absorption by pipe method PDLP. 15 10.9 Determination of drying properties. 16 11 Test report . 17 11.1 General information 17 11.2 Determination of water absorption by capillarity 17 11.3 Determination of water vapour permeabili
17、ty . 17 11.4 Colour measurement of surfaces 18 11.5 Measurement of water absorption by pipe method 18 11.6 Determination of drying properties. 18 11.7 Determination of static contact angle. 18 11.8 Gloss measurement . 18 11.9 Long term performances after ageing tests 19 Bibliography . 20 BS EN 16581
18、:2014EN 16581:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16581:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of Cultural Heritage”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an ident
19、ical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held respon
20、sible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finlan
21、d, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16581:2014EN 16581:2014 (E)
22、4 Introduction As part of the conservation of built heritage, a variety of surface treatments can be carried out to delay the decay processes. This document focuses on water repellent treatments of porous inorganic materials. The main goal of a water repellent is to reduce the penetration of liquid
23、water and the substances dissolved in the water into porous material by changing its surface properties. A water repellent product when applied to the surface of a material decreases its surface tension and prevents wetting of the surface. The water repellent treatment is applied to the surface and
24、penetrates into the pores of the material, the depth of penetration being dependent on the capillary properties of the material, the properties of the hydrophobic, the type and duration of application as well as the moisture content of the substrate and the temperature. Many deterioration mechanisms
25、 result from the presence of water and therefore the reduction of water absorption without significantly decreasing water vapour permeability may positively influence the preservation of porous inorganic materials. Coatings including varnishes and paints are not considered within this European Stand
26、ard. A water repellent should fulfil the following requirements to: reduce the absorption of liquid water in the substrate, minimize change of water vapour permeability of the substrate, minimize change in colour and gloss of the substrate, produce no harmful by-products after the application, maint
27、ain its physical and chemical stability. Water repellent products should be applied on the surface of heritage objects only after they have been tested on representative samples of porous inorganic materials in the laboratory. Field trials on small areas are strongly recommended prior to final appli
28、cation. This European Standard for the evaluation of water repellent treatments is based on the measurement of appropriate parameters to assess the performance of the product using standardized test methods. In situ application methods include brushing, spraying, immersion, capillary rise absorption
29、 and poultice. Due to the dimensions of samples and the requirements to perform reproducible treatment procedures for laboratory testing, the capillarity method is specified. Where a treatment cannot be applied according to the standard method (for example when an emulsion is used) the application m
30、ethod should be clearly described in the test report. Technical and chemical data sheets of treatment under evaluation should be provided; the data sheets which detail at least the chemical formulas of the active substances and concentrations, the names and the ratio of solvents, if applicable. In o
31、rder to evaluate the durability and in service performance of a water repellent product applied on the substrate, ageing tests representing the environment in which the porous inorganic material is located can be carried out. BS EN 16581:2014EN 16581:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifi
32、es the methodology for laboratory evaluation of the performance of water repellent products on porous inorganic materials. It is based on the measurement of several parameters which assess the performance of the product using standard test methods before and after ageing. Acceptable performance with
33、in the laboratory does not constitute a blanket endorsement of application in every situation. The particular context of the heritage object, including such factors as material designation, condition, exposure, salt content and problems related to water ingress requires further investigation. 2 Norm
34、ative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
35、 applies. EN 15801, Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of water absorption by capillarity EN 15802, Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of static contact angle EN 15803, Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of wat
36、er vapour permeability (p) EN 15886, Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Colour measurement of surfaces EN 15898, Conservation of cultural property - Main general terms and definitions EN 16085, Conservation of Cultural property - Methodology for sampling from materials of cultural pr
37、operty - General rules EN 16302, Conservation of cultural heritage - Test methods - Measurement of water absorption by pipe method EN 16322, Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Test methods - Determination of drying properties EN ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes - Determination of specular gloss of no
38、n-metallic paint films at 20, 60 and 85 (ISO 2813) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15898 and the following apply. 3.1 water-repellency ability of the substrate to resist the ingress of liquid water 3.2 water repellent product product i
39、ncreasing the water-repellency of the treated surface of porous inorganic materials 3.3 water repellent treatment application of a water repellent product to the surface of a material by a specified methodology BS EN 16581:2014EN 16581:2014 (E) 6 3.4 protection degree by capillarity reduction of the
40、 amount of water absorption by capillarity before and after the treatment 3.5 protection degree by pipe reduction of the amount of water absorption by pipe before and after the treatment 3.6 specular gloss ratio of the luminous flux reflected from an object in the specular direction for a specified
41、source and receptor angle to the luminous flux reflected from glass with a refractive index of 1,567 in the specular direction 4 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply: m0 B dry mass after characterization tests and before the treat
42、ment, in kg; m0 Adry mass after the treatment, in kg; titime elapsed from the beginning of the test, in s; Qiwater absorbed by capillarity per unit area, in kg/m2; AC capillary water absorption coefficient, in kg/(m2s1/2); Qpwater repellent product absorbed, as a mass %; PDCiProtection Degree by cap
43、illarity at time ti, as a mass %; QBiamount of absorbed water by capillarity of untreated specimen at time ti, in kg/m2; QAiamount of absorbed water of treated specimen at time ti, in kg/m2; pwater vapour permeability, in kg/(m s Pa); p Bwater vapour permeability before treatment, in kg/(m s Pa); p
44、Awater vapour permeability after treatment, in kg/(m s Pa); p redreduction of water vapour permeability, as a %; L* lightness coordinate. The scale for L* ranges from 0 (black) to 100 (white); a* red/green coordinate, with +a* indicating redness and -a* indicating greenness; b* yellow/blue coordinat
45、e, with +b* indicating yellowness and -b* indicating blueness; L*BLightness coordinate before treatment; L*ALightness coordinate after treatment; a*Bred/green coordinate before treatment; a*Ared/green coordinate after treatment; b*Byellow/blue coordinate before treatment; b*Ayellow/blue coordinate a
46、fter treatment; * total colour difference; PDLPProtection Degree by pipe method, as a %; (Wf)Bamount of absorbed water by pipe method at the end of the test before the treatment, in ml/cm2; (Wf)Aamount of absorbed water by pipe method at the end of the test after the treatment, in ml/cm2; BS EN 1658
47、1:2014EN 16581:2014 (E) 7 D1 Bdrying rate corresponding to the first drying phase before the treatment, in kg/(m2h); D1 Adrying rate corresponding to the first drying phase after the treatment, in kg/(m2h); D1 redreduction of the drying rate, as a %; contact angle, in . 5 Test methods for evaluation
48、 The methods listed here below are used for the evaluation of a water repellent product in relation to the possible changes of the characteristics of porous inorganic materials. 1) Determination of water absorption by capillarity (EN 15801) 2) Determination of static contact angle (EN 15802) 3) Dete
49、rmination of water vapour permeability (EN 15803) 4) Colour measurement of surfaces (EN 15886) 5) Determination of water absorption by pipe method (EN 16302) 6) Determination of drying properties (EN 16322) 7) Gloss measurement (EN ISO 2813) 6 Evaluation of long term performances Water repellents are expected to demonstrate suitable durability on exposure to natural weathering or laboratory tests (such as light irradiation, freeze and thaw, wetting and drying, thermal cycles, salt crystallization, pollutant simulation, biological
