1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16488:2015Marine finfish farms Opennet cage Design andoperationBS ISO 16488:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16488:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee AW/234, Fishe
2、ries and Aquaculture.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Publ
3、ished by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 76889 7ICS 67.120.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2015.Amendments issued since publicati
4、onDate Text affectedBS ISO 16488:2015 ISO 2015Marine finfish farms Open net cage Design and operationExploitations de pisciculture marine Cages filets ouverts Opration et conceptionINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16488First edition2015-07-15Reference numberISO 16488:2015(E)BS ISO 16488:2015ISO 16488:2015(E
5、)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or postin
6、g on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 7
7、49 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 16488:2015ISO 16488:2015(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Basic considerations and general requirements 44.1 General considerations 44.2 Site survey requirements and environmental considerations . 54.
8、3 Degradation and lifetime considerations . 64.4 Risk analysis requirements 64.5 Design of marine finfish farms 64.5.1 General 64.5.2 Limit state analysis 64.5.3 Functional requirements 74.6 User handbook 74.7 Assembly of main components . 74.8 Inspection of marine finfish farms after installation a
9、t the site . 75 Requirements for documentation and user handbook 85.1 General . 85.2 Requirements regarding user handbook 85.2.1 Contents of user handbook . 85.2.2 Requirements regarding general site survey documentation 95.2.3 Requirements regarding documentation of main components 95.3 Requirement
10、s regarding site operations and maintenance log .115.3.1 General. 115.3.2 Requirements regarding site and equipment maintenance plan 125.3.3 Requirements regarding site inspection program .125.4 Documentation of site inspections and site reports, measured parameters, calculations, and conclusions 12
11、6 Environmental conditions .136.1 Requirements for determination of environmental conditions 136.1.1 General. 136.1.2 Wind 136.1.3 Current. 146.1.4 Waves 156.1.5 Ice and snow .166.1.6 Water depth and bottom bathymetry .166.1.7 Water chemistry parameters . 166.2 Use of environmental conditions for de
12、sign of marine finfish farms .166.2.1 General. 166.2.2 Wave modelling 167 Design of marine finfish farms177.1 General 177.2 General considerations . 187.2.1 Selection of floating collars 187.2.2 Selection of net cages 187.2.3 Global analysis of marine finfish farms .187.2.4 Barges . 187.3 Guidance o
13、n the design and global analysis of marine finfish farms 187.3.1 Loads and interface between main components 187.3.2 Load and load combinations. 197.3.3 Breaks in mooring lines 20 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 16488:2015ISO 16488:2015(E)7.3.4 Puncturing 207.3.5 Load factors . 2
14、07.3.6 Design working life and durability 227.3.7 User handbook and global analysis documentation 22Bibliography .24iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 16488:2015ISO 16488:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
15、 (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
16、governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further mai
17、ntenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Att
18、ention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introducti
19、on and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conform
20、ity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 234, Fisheries and aquaculture. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS
21、 ISO 16488:2015ISO 16488:2015(E)IntroductionThis International Standard is developed to ensure that a net cage marine finfish farms are adequately designed, constructed, and maintained to meet the anticipated rigours of the marine environment in which they will be deployed to prevent escapes (uninte
22、nded impacts) during every day operations and unforeseen events. The standard is to be applied by the farm operators on a site-specific basis. Aquaculture producers are recommended to ensure that the combination of technologies that they have selected for a site meets environmental and other operati
23、onal considerations for that site. Equipment manufacturers can use this International Standard, methodology, and terminology so that their customers (farm operators) can have the opportunity to meet the requirements with this International Standard.The physical rigours of the marine environment to w
24、hich a net cage marine finfish farm can be subjected include tidal currents, wave action, storm surges, hurricanes, wind exposures, icing; equipment design (net cage structures, mooring systems, netting components, predator control, and site markers. Other factors influencing the integrity of a net
25、cage marine finfish farm include qualifications of equipment manufacturers and suppliers, handling practices, inspection and maintenance, reporting and auditing, and stock loss and recovery planning.Within marine aquaculture, an increasing degree of farming on high energy sites (strong tidal current
26、s, wave action, storm surges, hurricanes, wind exposure, icing) is predicted. Further developments in equipment and technology for farming in cages on high energy sites can result in improved water quality and fish health. The use of high energy locations will necessitate improvements of cages, moor
27、ing systems, and feeding systems. It can also require larger boats for servicing, and calls for new techniques for installation and daily operations.This international technical standard is intended to reduce technical and operational failures, consequently enhancing the sustainability of the indust
28、ry. All precautions are recommended to be taken to prevent escapes (unintended impacts) from aquaculture installations as a result of improper specification of technical main components or improper operational use. This International Standard will offer one tool in a link of other guidelines needed
29、for the aquaculture industry to be environmentally sustainable.vi ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 16488:2015Marine finfish farms Open net cage Design and operation1 ScopeThis International Standard presents a general method to be followed for the systematic analysis, design, and evaluation of net
30、 cage marine finfish farms. One common style of a net cage finfish farm is shown in Figure 1. A mooring system holds together a series of net cages which contain finfish. Water from the outside environment freely passes through the nets, providing the necessary environment for farming finfish. The m
31、ethodology presented in this International Standard allows for determination of the adequacy of a given finfish farms floating structure, nets, and mooring equipment for a given environment. The standard addresses specification of a design basis through evaluation of environmental conditions and acc
32、eptable risk, and specifies acceptable techniques for the design and analysis of finfish farms. This International Standard also provides guidelines for development of a handbook which documents procedures for correct maintenance and operation of the finfish farm.The application of the standard is i
33、ntended to reduce the risk of escape from marine finfish farms. This International Standard is designed to be used by the operator of a net cage marine finfish farm. It is intended that through application of this International Standard that increased human safety and system integrity levels can be
34、achieved.Figure 1 Typical net cage marine finfish farm design2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the la
35、test edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1107, Fishing nets Netting Basic terms and definitionsISO 19900, Petroleum and natural gas industries General requirements for offshore structuresISO 19901-1, Petroleum and natural as industries Specific requirements for
36、offshore structures Part 1: Metocean design and operating conditions3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16488:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16488:2015ISO 16488:2015(E)3.1cagefloating collar with
37、 attached net cage for the purpose of containing finfish3.2floating collarframe which provides buoyancy and attachment for one or more net cages3.3net cagenet construction attached to a floating collar for the purpose of containing fish3.4net pennet construction that rests on the seabed and whose pu
38、rpose is to contain fish3.5mooring systemsystem of lines (e.g. polyester rope, chain, wire rope) and bottom attachments for the purpose of keeping the floating components in a desired position3.6bargefloating work station on a marine finfish farm, separate or integrated, with technical equipment for
39、 performing certain functions connected to fish farmingNote 1 to entry: The barge can have functions as storage, feeding, electricity supply, crewing, and monitoring of the site and others.3.7marine finfish farmcontainment system for the purposes of farming finfishNote 1 to entry: A marine finfish f
40、arm typically consists of a mooring system, floating collars, anchoring system, net cages, and can include a barge.3.8net cagecontainment system through which water freely flows through the net cage from the outside environmentNote 1 to entry: This is in contrast to closed containment systems, in wh
41、ich water from the outside environment does not pass freely through the structure.3.9predator netbarrier cage preventing predators from entering the net cageNote 1 to entry: A predator net could be a birdnet, jumpnet or other types of nets used for protection against predators such as e.g. birds, se
42、a lions, seals, and sharks.3.10operatorparty responsible for the operation of a net cage marine finfish farm and may or may not be the owner or producer3.11supplierorganization that provides a product or a service to a customer2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 16488:2015ISO 16488:2015(E)3.12float
43、sbuoyscomponent which is typically attached to a mooring system to provide buoyancy or mark boundaries3.13anchordevice that is used to connect the marine finfish farm mooring system to the sea bed to keep the fish farm in place3.14compensator buoydevice used to provide flotation and add compliance t
44、o a mooring systemNote 1 to entry: The compensatory buoy is intended to compensate for changes in water level and maintain tension in the mooring system in waves.3.15metocean datameteorological and oceanographic data3.16limit statelimit state is a condition of a structure beyond which it no longer f
45、ulfils the relevant design criteria3.17global analysisoverall numerical analysis of the complete structure, such as a the complete marine finfish farm, to determine overall loads and response3.18stability logdocument with information and specifications regarding the stability of a barge3.19tolerance
46、 limitload capacity limit of a component3.20return periodaverage period between occurrences of an event or a particular value being exceededNote 1 to entry: For environmental events, this is typically measured in years.3.21floatsflotation devices that are used to give floating to a raft-cage system
47、that arranged in the lower section of hall square cage3.22side walksquare structure, preferably galvanized steel, which also allows transit corridors, containing floats at the bottom that give buoyancy to raft-cage system to this place is attached the net cage3.23counterweighsweights that serves to
48、reduce the deformation of the net cage against prevailing currents in the area of cultureNote 1 to entry: Counterweighs are generally constructed of concrete. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 16488:2015ISO 16488:2015(E)4 Basic considerations and general requirements4.1 General considerationsThis
49、 International Standard is intended to provide guidelines for the design and operation of permeable net cage marine finfish farms similar in design to those shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The owner/operator of a marine finfish farm is responsible, through the use of a risk evaluation, for assessing the environmental conditions at a prospective site, selecting the appropriate equipment for use at the particular site, and for the safe operation of the finfish farm.The main components should be designed according to ISO standard
