1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 4087:2005 Micrographics Microfilming of newspapers for archival purposes on 35 mm microfilm ICS 01.140.20; 37.080 BS ISO 4087:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 9 August 2005 BSI 9 August 2005 ISBN 0
2、580 46429 6 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 4087:2005 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS ISO 4087:1991 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee IDT/1, Document management applications
3、, to Subcommittee IDT/1/2, Applications issues, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be
4、 found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are
5、responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and k
6、eep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright
7、 notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsReference number ISO 4087:2005(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4087 Third edition 2005-04-15 Micrographics Microfilming of newspapers for archival purposes on 35 mm
8、 microfilm Micrographie Enregistrement des journaux sur microfilm de 35 mm pour larchivage BS ISO 4087:2005iiiii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Rawstock microfilm 2 5 Reduction ratios and image placement 2 5.1 General. 2 5.2 Reduction ratio
9、s for smaller pages and sectional filming 3 5.3 Image positions. 3 5.4 Progression of text . 4 6 Leader and trailer 5 6.1 Clear leader 5 6.2 Archival test area 5 7 Filming conditions 5 7.1 Show-through 5 7.2 Illumination 5 8 Arrangement of the file. 5 8.1 Chronological divisions. 5 8.2 Filming of ed
10、itions and supplements . 6 9 Film Targets. 6 9.1 Lettering. 6 9.2 Language. 6 9.3 Calendar dates 6 9.4 Targets. 6 9.5 Graphic symbols. 6 9.6 Sequence and contents of targets 6 9.7 Additional targets 11 10 Processing camera negative. 11 11 Quality 11 12 Correction procedures. 12 12.1 Refilming 12 12.
11、2 Splices 12 13 Intermediate copies 12 14 Distribution copies 12 14.1 General. 12 14.2 Quality 12 14.3 Loading 12 14.4 Leader and trailer 13 14.5 Splices 13 14.6 Resolution 13 15 Storage. 13 16 Packaging 13 16.1 Securing. 13 16.2 Labelling. 13 BS ISO 4087:2005iv Foreword ISO (the International Organ
12、ization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establish
13、ed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
14、 International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Pu
15、blication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such paten
16、t rights. ISO 4087 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 171, Document management applications, Subcommittee SC 2, Application issues. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4087:1991), which has been technically revised. BS ISO 4087:20051 Micrographics Microfilming of
17、newspapers for archival purposes on 35 mm microfilm 1 Scope This International Standard establishes general principles for microfilming printed newspapers for preservation and distribution to libraries and other documentation services. It includes requirements for targets to ensure proper bibliograp
18、hic control and to verify that the film meets the requirements of International Standards applied to archival microfilming. This International Standard is applicable only to unperforated silver microfilms that are 35 mm wide, in rolls or strips, whether first-generation (camera negatives), intermedi
19、ate or distribution copies. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies
20、. ISO 9:1995, Information and documentation Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters Slavic and non-Slavic languages ISO 233-2:1993, Information and documentation Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters Part 2: Arabic language Simplified transliteration ISO 259
21、-2:1994, Information and documentation Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin characters Part 2: Simplified transliteration ISO 446:1991, Micrographics ISO character and ISO test chart No.1 Description and use ISO 3334:1989, Micrographics ISO resolution test chart No.2 Description and use I
22、SO 3602:1989, Documentation Romanization of Japanese (kana script) ISO 6148:2001, Photography Micrographic films, spools and cores Dimensions ISO 6196-1:1993, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 1: General terms ISO 6196-2:1993, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 2: Image positions and methods of recording ISO
23、 6196-3:1997, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 3: Film processing ISO 6196-4:1998, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 4: Materials and packaging ISO 6196-5:1987, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 5: Quality of images, legibility, inspection ISO 6196-6:1992, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 6: Equipment BS ISO 4087
24、:2005BS ISO 4087:2005 2 ISO 6199, Micrographics Microfilming of documents on 16 mm and 35 mm silver-gelatin type microfilm Operating procedures ISO 6200:1999, Micrographics First generation silver-gelatin microforms of source documents Density specifications and method of measurement ISO 8601, Data
25、elements and interchange formats Information interchange Representation of dates and times ISO 9878:1990, Micrographics Graphical symbols for use in microfilming ISO 10550:1994, Micrographics Planetary camera systems Test target for checking performance ISO 18901:2002, Imaging materials Processed si
26、lver-gelatin type black-and-white film Specifications for stability ISO 18905:2002, Imaging materials Ammonia-processed diazo photographic film Specifications for stability ISO 18906:2000, Imaging materials Photographic films Specifications for safety film ISO 18911:2000, Imaging materials Processed
27、 safety photographic films Storage practices ISO 18912:2002, Imaging materials Processed vesicular photographic film Specifications for stability 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6196, parts 1 to 6, and the following apply. 3.1 princip
28、al edition edition of the newspaper which is either identified or recognized as the most important 3.2 target documents containing bibliographic and technical information, including test charts, pertaining to the filmed newspaper and intended to be filmed 4 Rawstock microfilm For the purpose of pres
29、ervation, only black and white film on polyester base in accordance with ISO 6148 and ISO 18906 shall be used. 5 Reduction ratios and image placement 5.1 General Reduction ratios shall be in accordance with ISO 6199. NOTE The normal reduction ratio for newspapers is in the range 1:14 to 1:24. BS ISO
30、 4087:2005 3 5.2 Reduction ratios for smaller pages and sectional filming Pages that are smaller than the normal spread of the newspaper, such as newspaper inserts and foldouts, shall be filmed at a reduction ratio that is the same as or, if necessary to achieve legibility, lower than the reduction
31、ratio used for other parts of the newspaper. If inserts or foldouts are too large to be accommodated in position 1A (see Figure 2) without using a reduction ratio that is too high to provide a legible image, the material shall be filmed in sections. The sections shall be filmed from left to right an
32、d from top to bottom, as shown in Figure 1 (unless in oriental orientation), and shall provide an overlap with adjacent material on the original of at least 25 mm. The reduction ratio used shall provide the desired number of sections with the proper overlap. A change of reduction ratio target with s
33、cale shall be microfilmed on the frame prior to any change of reduction and when reverting to the original reduction ratio. Figure 1 Sectional sequences 5.3 Image positions The four recommended image positions for 35 mm microfilm on reels or in strips are shown in Figure 2. Ordinarily, dimension b s
34、hall be limited to the image area required by the material being filmed, taking into account dimension a, which shall not exceed 31,75 mm. Dimension c shall be at least 2 mm, both for images and for coding information. The images should be centred between the edges of the film. Positions 1A and 1B a
35、re single-page exposures. Positions 2A and 2B are double-page exposures. In positions 1A and 2A, the text is perpendicular to the long axis of the film. In positions 1B and 2B, the text is parallel to the long axis of the film. Figure 2 Image positions on the microfilm 4 5.4 Progression of text For
36、newspapers in languages that read from right to left and for other variations from the usual occidental language arrangement, pages shall be positioned to allow for logical reading progression. This is accomplished by positioning the camera head so that the progression of exposed film shall reflect
37、the progression of text. The lines of text shall be parallel with the long axis of the film in positions 1B and 2B or perpendicular to the long axis of the film in positions 1A and 2A (see Figure 3). Key 1 page numbering 2 succession of frames 3 languages reading from left to right (occidental mode)
38、 4 languages reading from right to left (oriental mode) Figure 3 Layout of frames for microfilming newspapers in languages that read from left to right (upper diagram) and right to left (lower diagram) BS ISO 4087:20055 6 Leader and trailer 6.1 Clear leader In addition to any fogged film, which may
39、be removed, each roll of exposed 35 mm microfilm shall have at the beginning and end (500 200 0 ) mm of unexposed film. NOTE The repetition of the information targets at the end, in reverse order, before the trailer allows the film to be wound up toward the shorter end. This procedure saves time and
40、 work and reduces damage to the working print. 6.2 Archival test area If archival tests are required, at least 300 mm of microfilm with minimum density (clear) shall be left at the beginning and end of each roll in addition to that specified in 6.1. 7 Filming conditions 7.1 Show-through Newspapers s
41、hall be filmed in such a way that show-through from the back of the page is minimized. 7.2 Illumination Newspapers shall be placed on the copyboard and illuminated evenly, even when the newspapers are in bound volumes. For bound volumes, an adjustable book carrier should be used. Equipment manufactu
42、rers instructions should be followed to enable checking and adjusting of the evenness of illumination. 8 Arrangement of the file 8.1 Chronological divisions Newspapers shall be microfilmed in chronological order. The divisions between rolls shall be systematic and bibliographically acceptable. Micro
43、-images of a single copy of a newspaper shall not be divided between two rolls of film. Usually, roll divisions covering the following periods of publication are used: a half or whole month; two, three, four or six months; one year or several years. Examples of acceptable divisions of rolls include:
44、 March 1 March 15; September 1 October 31; January 1, 1956 December 31, 1957 (if several years are filmed together). BS ISO 4087:2005 6 8.2 Filming of editions and supplements The principal edition, including all sections and supplements, or an edition that is considered representative, shall be mic
45、rofilmed in full. When, in addition, other editions are microfilmed, they shall be filmed immediately following the principal edition each day or in a chronological series of their own. Numbered or lettered sections shall be filmed in order, followed by unnumbered sections and supplements. Supplemen
46、tal pages forming an integral part of the newspaper shall be filmed in their original places. 9 Film Targets 9.1 Lettering Information targets intended to be read without magnification shall comply with the following requirements: black lettering on a white background or vice versa; upper-case lette
47、rs; characters of minimum height 2 mm on the film. 9.2 Language The language of the targets shall be the language of the newspaper to be microfilmed. Additional languages are permitted if required. 9.3 Calendar dates Calendar dates in all-numeric forms shall be written in accordance with ISO 8601. 9
48、.4 Targets Appropriate targets shall be used to denote material filmed out of sequence for bibliographic or practical reasons. 9.5 Graphic symbols Symbols shall be used, in accordance with ISO 9878, to give information concerning the condition of the original document and the production and use of m
49、icroforms. 9.6 Sequence and contents of targets 9.6.1 General The sequence of targets shall be as shown in Figure 4. 9.6.2 “Beginning of roll” symbol The first target shall contain the “Beginning of roll” symbol (ISO 9878:1990, Ref. No. 0076) or the word START. The number of the roll in the series should be added. BS ISO 4087:2005
