1、 ETSI GR IP6 010 V1.1.1 (2017-12) IPv6-based SDN and NFV; Deployment of IPv6-based SDN and NFV Disclaimer The present document has been produced and approved by the IPv6 Integration (IP6) ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) and represents the views of those members who participated in this ISG.
2、It does not necessarily represent the views of the entire ETSI membership. GROUP REPORT ETSI ETSI GR IP6 010 V1.1.1 (2017-12) 2 Reference DGR/IP6-0010 Keywords IPv6, NFV ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623
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9、 GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI GR IP6 010 V1.1.1 (2017-12) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Foreword . 4g3Modal verbs terminology 4g31 Scope 5g32 References 5g32.1 Normative references . 5g32.2 Informative references 5g33 Abbreviations . 5g3
10、4 IPv6-based SDN Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR search
11、es, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Trademarks The present document may include trademarks and/o
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13、 constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. Foreword This Group Report (GR) has been produced by ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) IPv6 Integration (IP6). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “should“, “should not“, “ma
14、y“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. ETSI ETSI GR IP6 010 V1.
15、1.1 (2017-12) 5 1 Scope The present document outlines the motivation for the deployment of IPv6-based Cloud Computing, the objectives, the technology guidelines, the step-by-step process, the benefits, the risks, the challenges and the milestones. 2 References 2.1 Normative references Normative refe
16、rences are not applicable in the present document. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest v
17、ersion of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present docu
18、ment but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 IETF RFC 6333: Dual-Stack Lite Broadband Deployments Following IPv4 Exhaustion, A. Durand, R. Droms, J. Woodyatt et al., August 2011. i.2 IETF RFC 6877: “464XLAT: Combination of Stateful and Stateless Translation“, M. Mawata
19、ri, M. Kawashima, C. Byrne, April 2013. i.3 IETF RFC 6535: “Dual-Stack Hosts Using “Bump-in-the-Host“ (BIH), B. Huang, H. Deng, T. Savolainen, February 2012. i.4 IETF RFC 6146: “Stateful NAT64: Network Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers“, M. Bagnulo, P. Matthews, I. v
20、an Beijnum, April 2011. 3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ALG Application Layer Gateway API Application Programming Interface CAPEX Capital Expenditure CGN Carrier-Grade NAT DS-Lite Dual Stack Lite IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 IPv6 Inter
21、net Protocol version 6 ISP Internet Service Provider lw4over6 lightweight IPv4 over IPv6 MAP Mapping of Address and Port NAT Network Address Translation NAT44 Network Address Translation IPv4 to IPv4 NAT64 Network Address Translation IPv6 to IPv4 NFV Network Functions Virtualisation NFVI Network Fun
22、ctions Virtualisation Infrastructure OPEX Operations Expenditure OSS Operations Support System ETSI ETSI GR IP6 010 V1.1.1 (2017-12) 6 QoS Quality of Service SDN Software Defined Networking SUPA Simplified Use of Policy Abstraction TDP Transition Data Plane 4 IPv6-based SDN & NFV Deployment 4.1 Intr
23、oduction The exhaustion of the IPv4 address space has been a practical problem that providers are facing today. The migration to IPv6 is ongoing and picking up steam throughout the world. Depending on the amount of technology debt and legacy present in the existing infrastructure, the IPv6 transitio
24、n might require significant upgrades and different approaches to the roll-out in order to maintain efficiency. Instrumentation and operational tools, back-end systems and processes will also need to be updated for the new protocol. Therefore, operators might have to upgrade network devices to suppor
25、t different transition strategies but more importantly to support different visions of the future infrastructure. The transition will increase the OPEX and CAPEX needs during the transition. The increase will be determined by the specifics of the provider and particularly by the speed with which the
26、 provider chooses or is forced to execute the transition. One option is to consider managing the transition by using SDN/NFV concepts and technologies. A unified Transition Data Plane (TDP) enables DevOps in IT environment by providing extensibility via programmability, by integrating deployment and
27、 operation into the implementation, and by streamlining OSS. The IPv6 transition can be viewed as another service enablement exercise managed by TDP. In a TDP enabled environment, an IPv6 transition powered by SDN could lower the deployment and operational costs by decoupling the data plane and cont
28、rol plane, and by providing unified data plane devices. It also nurtures the development of native IPv6 services through the availability of open Northbound APIs. An Open IPv6 can reduce the operational complexity and risk via the unified data plane which adapts to different transition scenarios. 4.
29、2 Unified Openv6 Use case 4.2.1 Evolve from one Scenario to Another During the IPv6 transition period, the network will go through three stages: IPv4-only network, dual-stack network and IPv6-only network. The network should support both IPv4 services and IPv6 services at each stage. There are multi
30、ple IPv6 transition technologies for different network scenarios (e.g. IPv4 network for IPv4/IPv6 user access, IPv6 network for IPv4/IPv6 user access, IPv4 servers for IPv6 visitors, etc.). Different network scenarios will co-exist during IPv6 transition which means the IPv6 transition device should
31、 support multiple IPv6 transition technologies. The following are possible flow scenarios over the IPv6 transition period: 1) Scenario 1: IPv6 hosts visit IPv6 servers via IPv4 access network. 2) Scenario 2: IPv4 hosts visit IPv4 servers via IPv4 NAT Dual-stack network. 3) Scenario 3: IPv6 hosts vis
32、it IPv6 servers via IPv6 network. 4) Scenario 4: IPv4 hosts visit IPv4 servers via IPv6 access network. 5) Scenario 5: IPv6 hosts visit IPv6 servers via IPv4 access network. 6) Scenario 6: IPv4 hosts and IPv6 hosts interaction. It is not necessary that all operators will go through each scenario one
33、 by one. For example, some operators may start from scenario 1, and some may start directly from scenario 2 or scenario 4. However, since the final stage (target) is the IPv6-only access network, one still needs to cover several scenarios that deal with legacy and transition. ETSI ETSI GR IP6 010 V1
34、.1.1 (2017-12) 7 To execute its transition strategy the operator might have to either upgrade existing devices to support new features, or replace them with new ones that enable its IPv6 plans. When the operators network consists of devices from different vendors, it becomes more difficult to orches
35、trate the feature support across all areas of the infrastructure in order to deliver IPv6 as planned. 4.2.2 Multiple Transition Mechanisms Co-Exist Various technologies involved in the transition process will impact in different ways the overall user experience. For example, DS-Lite negative impact
36、could be due to address sharing. On the other side, 6rdmechanisms, and NAT64 negative impact might be due to penalties paid while transiting the ALG. Operators may prepare a fall-back mechanism to guarantee the same level of user experience when there are complaints from subscribers. Therefore, it i
37、s required to support multiple transition mechanisms in the footprint. Another use scenario is that alongside IPv6 transition mechanism deployed in a domain, IPv4 address exhaustion mitigation mechanisms might be deployed as well. For example, if there are both IPv6-only devices and IPv4-only device
38、s in the same area with limited public IPv4 address, both NAT64 and NAT44 (or DS-Lite) are required to achieve IPv4 service connectivity. Current implementations normally use separate instances for each mechanism, with additional policies on the same device for each mechanism. Some devices have limi
39、tations on the number of policies which can be configured, while other have restrictions regarding the resources availability (e.g. one transition instance will occupy a static amount of memory). The coexistence of multiple transition mechanisms is costly and can add significant complexity to an alr
40、eady complex environment. 4.2.3 Scattered Address Pool Management When operators are facing address shortage problem, the remaining IPv4 address pools are usually very fragmented. It is quite complicated for an operator to manage fragmented address pools in many transition devices. The situation wil
41、l become even worse when multiple transition mechanisms in the same device need to be configured from different address pools. Moreover, the utilization of the address pools may vary during different transition periods. As there are not many IPv6-enabled services and IPv6-enabled devices, IPv4 traff
42、ic still occupy a great portion of the total traffic, while in the later stage of IPv6 transition, IPv4 traffic will decrease and the amount of IPv4 address pools will decrease accordingly. The ideal would be to manage the address pools centrally. Different transition mechanisms can access the addre
43、ss pools on-demand. For example, when one transition mechanism is running out of the current address pools, it may request an additional address pool. It can also release the address pools which is no longer used. That way, operators do not need to configure the address pools one by one manually and
44、 it also helps using the address pools more efficiently. 4.2.4 Extensibility During migration from IPv4 to IPv6, different scenarios usually need different solutions. Although IETF has already invented some mechanisms including DS-Lite IETF RFC 6333 i.1, 464XLAT IETF RFC 6877 i.2, BIH IETF RFC 6535
45、i.3, NAT64 IETF RFC 6146 i.4, etc., the current solutions have solved the following scenarios only in a limited way: IPv4 client communicates to IPv6 server. IPv4 client communicates to IPv6 peer. It is possible that new technologies are invented in the future. In addition, some mechanisms are still
46、 evolving from a session-based solution (e.g. DS-Lite) to a more scalable way (e.g. lw4over6, MAP). It might be possible that operators who have already deployed one solution may upgrade to a better one in the future. Besides, IPv6 transition can also be regarded as a virtualised network function wh
47、ich can be offered to a third-party. Therefore, it is required to offer an open and programmable way to easily add new features without modifying existing device hardware. ETSI ETSI GR IP6 010 V1.1.1 (2017-12) 8 4.3 Open IPv6 Architecture: Powered by SDN 4.3.1 Overall Architecture The key features o
48、f Open IPv6 are: Decoupling of the data plane and control plane. The presence of Northbound APIs for services needed to manipulate the traffic. In addition, the approach is flow-based and IPv6 routing compatible. The overall architecture (figure 1) of Open IPv6 is depicted in the following. Figure 1
49、: Overall Architecture of IPv6-based SDN solution The edge device in the data plane is flow based, and the control plane and the network services are removed from the device. These two factors help unifying the data plane and improving its extensibility. Services such as OSS and IPv6 transition services are deployed at the application layer. All of these features bring multiple important benefits to DevOps organizations who implement this architecture: Different IPv6 transition scenarios can be supported. IPv6 based services, and different sc
