1、 ETSI GR mWT 008 V1.1.1 (2018-08) millimetre Wave Transmission (mWT); Analysis of Spectrum, License Schemes and Network Scenarios in the D-band Disclaimer The present document has been produced and approved by the millimetre Wave Transmission (mWT) ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) and represe
2、nts the views of those members who participated in this ISG. It does not necessarily represent the views of the entire ETSI membership. GROUP REPORT ETSI ETSI GR mWT 008 V1.1.1 (2018-08)2 Reference DGR/mWT-0008 Keywords D-band, license schemes, millimetre wave, mWT, network scenarios, spectrum ETSI
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8、on of ETSI. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. ETSI 2018. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTETMare trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefi
9、t of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. oneM2M logo is protected for the benefit of its Members. GSMand the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI GR mWT 008 V1.1.1 (2018-08)3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Modal verbs
10、 terminology 5g3Executive summary 5g3Introduction 6g31 Scope 7g32 References 7g32.1 Normative references . 7g32.2 Informative references 7g33 Abbreviations . 8g34 Introduction to the W-band and the D-band . 9g35 ITU Regulations concerning the W-band and the D-band . 10g35.1 ITU Regulations concernin
11、g Frequency Allocation . 10g35.2 ITU-R Regulations concerning Propagation Aspects . 11g35.3 ITU-R Regulations concerning Error Performance and Availability objectives 11g36 Characteristics of the W-band and the D-band . 11g37 System Behaviour 12g37.1 D-band system simulation 12g38 Use cases and poss
12、ible applications . 16g38.1 From current high capacity systems to future systems . 16g38.2 D-band: Backhaul, fronthaul and fixed wireless access . 16g38.3 5G Mobile Backhaul Tail Link. 17g38.4 Internal Connection of a Data Centre (Inter-Server) 17g38.5 Requirements for future applications in mm-wave
13、 radio . 18g38.6 Applications and Use Cases . 18g39 First Prototypes and Early Deployment . 21g39.0 Introduction 21g39.1 Huawei . 21g39.1.1 First prototype and field trial in cooperation with Politecnico di Milano . 21g39.1.2 Preliminary evaluation of ITU model . 23g39.1.3 D-band trial with Telecom
14、Italia for highly dense 5G backhaul network scenarios . 24g39.2 Ericsson 27g39.3 NEC Europe Ltd (United Kingdom) 29g39.3.1 OAM technology description 29g39.4 Nokia 33g39.4.1 The DREAM project . 33g310 State of the Art of Technology . 33g310.1 Overview of Technological Maturity . 33g310.2 Semiconduct
15、or technology for D-band: technological maturity and component frequency limitations 34g310.3 Challenges for volume manufacture of diplexers at D-band frequencies . 36g311 Basic Considerations on Channel Arrangements . 38g312 Summary and Conclusions . 40g3Annex A: Further considerations on technolog
16、y . 41g3A.1 SiGe:C BiCMOS 41g3A.2 SiGe:C BiCMOS - Technology Features . 41g3ETSI ETSI GR mWT 008 V1.1.1 (2018-08)4 A.3 SiGe HBT performance in the W and D bands 42g3A.4 Low Noise Amplifier design 42g3A.5 D-band Power Amplifier design . 43g3A.6 150 GHz VCO and prescaler 44g3Annex B: Authors Essential
17、, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out b
18、y ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Trademarks The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are ass
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20、 by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. Foreword This Group Report (GR) has been produced by ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) millimetre Wave Transmission (mWT). All Companies referenced in the present document have given the consensus of all the mate
21、rial provided herewith. Modal verbs terminology In the present document “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“
22、 are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Executive summary The evolution of Mobile Networks towards LTE-A and 5G in the next few years present significant challenges to the evolution of microwave technology, especially in terms of transmission capacity and latency.
23、Interest in millimetre-wave bands has risen significantly in recent years mainly due to new network topologies driving backhaul to the higher part of the spectrum and the enormous amount of under-utilized bandwidth that lies in this part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The development of new techno
24、logies and the use of higher frequency bands allow microwave to remain a fundamental building block of mobile networks even in this framework of ever-increasing demands. The significant advantages offered by the propagation characteristics in terms of frequency re-usability and large channel bandwid
25、ths make millimetre-wave suitable for transmitting multi-Gbps in dense urban scenarios thanks to a very compact antenna size and extreme low power.g3Bands above 90 GHz are prime candidates for large volume applications in backhaul and fronthaul supporting all services requiring high speed wireless t
26、ransmission. Standardization activities are now under way of the so-called W-band (92 - 114,5 GHz) and D-band (130 - 174,8 GHz). ETSI ETSI GR mWT 008 V1.1.1 (2018-08)6 The present document provides an overview of the possible applications and use cases for the D-band, state of the art of the technol
27、ogy at such high frequencies and also possible channel schemes which can be used, including the so called “duplexer-free“ scheme. Although the present document is focused on the D-band, information and considerations on the W-band are included where appropriate and beneficial to the readers. Introdu
28、ction Frequency bands above 100 GHz have not been commercially exploited yet and have not been regulated yet by specific recommendations. The W-band and D-band are already considered in the table of frequency allocation issued by the ITU-R Radio Regulation 2016 i.5. Figure 1: ITU Table of Frequency
29、Allocation (Radio Regulation 2016) i.5 The table indicates fixed service (FS), and that covers all the applications of interest to ISG mWT, and which have a primary status, when considering the frequency band from 92 up to 200 GHz. The allocation between 92 and 200 GHz is common for all three ITU re
30、gions, which facilitates the scenarios and spectrum usage solutions covering these bands. Moreover, new spectrum and innovative ways to use the bands, new concepts related to availability to cope with the increase of capacity and hop lengths are needed. Efficient aggregation of different bands and c
31、arriers should be exploited, through BCA together with new mm-wave spectrum made available by regulation. The proper combination of mm-wave spectrum with traditional microwave spectrum should help to incentivize spectrum efficiency and optimization of spectrum usage, driving regulators to release un
32、used or under-utilized spectrum portions.g3ETSI ETSI GR mWT 008 V1.1.1 (2018-08)7 1 Scope The present document describes possible scenarios and spectrum usage and proposes, aligned with CEPT ECC SE19 Working Item 37 i.3, the channelization of the D-band (130 - 174,8 GHz) to facilitate the deployment
33、 of high capacity backhaul systems, able to decongest the network over distances shorter than usual ones for wireless transport. Considering that the W-band and the D-band are primarily allocated to FS, part of the scope of the present document is to identify applications for future backhaul network
34、s or similar applications. Technical propagation characteristics of W-band and D-band are considered to analyze system behaviours and evaluate reachable distances and possible achievable throughputs. In the absence of standardized channel plans for both the W-band and D-band, guidelines for efficien
35、t deployment in terms of spectrum, license schemes and other relevant aspects in those bands are being proposed, also considering non-operator services, in the vision of significant market share. 2 References 2.1 Normative references Normative references are not applicable in the present document. 2
36、.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any ame
37、ndments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a parti
38、cular subject area. i.1 ETSI White Paper No. 15: “mmWave Semiconductor Industry Technologies: Status and Evolution“. NOTE: Available at mmWave Semiconductor Industry Technologies: Status and Evolution. i.2 Abhiram Chakraborty, Saverio Trotta (Infineon Technologies AG) and Robert Weigel (Lehrstuhl fr
39、 Technische Elektronik, FAU Erlangen-Nrnberg):“A Low Power Multichannel Receiver for D-Band Sensing Applications in a 0,13 g541m SiGe BiCMOS Technology (*here defined up to 132 GHz)“. i.3 SE19(17)16A09: “Radio frequency channel/block arrangements for fixed service systems operating in the bands 92 -
40、 94 GHz, 94,1 - 100 GHz, 102 - 109,5 GHz and 111,8 - 114,25 GHz“. i.4 SE19(17)16A10: “Radio frequency channel/block arrangements for fixed service systems operating in the bands 130 - 134 GHz, 141 - 148,5 GHz, 151,5 - 164 GHz and 167 - 174,8 GHz“. i.5 ITU-R Radio Regulation 2016. i.6 Recommendation
41、ITU-R P.530-16 (07/2015): “Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems“. i.7 Recommendation ITU-R P.1411-1: “Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning of short-range outdoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networ
42、ks in the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz“. ETSI ETSI GR mWT 008 V1.1.1 (2018-08)8 i.8 Recommendation ITU-R P.1238-7 (02/2012): “Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning of indoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 900 MHz to 100 GHz“.
43、i.9 Recommendation ITU-R P.838-3: “Specific attenuation model for rain for use in prediction methods“. i.10 Recommendation ITU-R F.1703: “Availability objectives for real digital fixed wireless linksused in 27 500 km hypothetical reference paths and connections“. i.11 Recommendation ITU-R P.676-11:
44、“Attenuation due to atmospheric gases“. i.12 IEEE 802.15: “WPAN for 60 GHz“. i.13 L. Allen, M. W. Beijersbergen, R. J. C. Spreeuw, and J. P. Woerdman: “Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes“, Physical Review A, vol. 45, no. 11, 1992. i.14 N. Bozino
45、vic, et al: “Terabit-scale orbital angular momentum mode division multiplexing in fibers“, Science, vol. 340 no. 6140 pp. 1545-1548, 2013. i.15 F. Tamburini, et al.: “Encoding many channels on the same frequency through radio vorticity: first experimental test“, New Journal of Physics 14, 2012. i.16
46、 J. Butler and R. Lowe: “Beamforming matrix simplifies design of electronically scanned antennas“, Electronic Design, vol. 9, pp. 170-173, 1961. i.17 EIA RS-261-B: “Rectangular Waveguides (WR3 to WR2300)“. i.18 IEC 60153-2:2016: “Hollow metallic waveguides - Part 2: Relevant specifications for ordin
47、ary rectangular waveguides“. i.19 Yuan-Hung Hsiao, Zuo-Min Tsai, Hsin-Chiang Liao, Jui-Chih Kao and Huei Wang: “Millimeter-Wave CMOS Power Amplifiers With High Output Power and Wideband Performances“, IEEE Transactions on microwave theory and techniques, Vol. 61, NO. 12, December 2013. i.20 Recommen
48、dation ECC REC (18)01: “Radio frequency channel/block arrangements for Fixed Service systems operating in the bands 130 - 134 GHz, 141-148,5 GHz, 151,5-164 GHz and 167 - 174,8 GHz“. i.21 Recommendation ITU-R F.1668: “Error performance objectives for real digital fixed wireless links used in 27 500 k
49、m hypothetical reference paths and connections“. 3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: 5G Fifth Generation of Mobile Networks BCA Band and Carrier Aggregation BER Bit Error Rate BH BackHaul BW BandWidthCMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor DHBT Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor DS Duplex Spacing EM ElectroMagnetic FDD Frequency Division Duplex FS Fixed Service FWA Fixed Wireless Access Gbaud Giga baud HBT Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor HEMT High Electron Mo
