1、- c PLEASE NOTE This document is normally accompanied by a disk/dish wnen purchased in hardcopy. The dislddisks contain information which would be of no value as a hardcopy document. If you require a copy of the diskldisb, please use the contact information below for your request. When submitting yo
2、ur request, please have the following irzfonnation vuiizble: Your company name/account number Originating orsanisacion Document number USMCanada Enformation Handling Services E-mail Te!: 800-U$-3352 Outside USAiCanada Except the United I(ingdom) Information Handling Services E-mai Te!: i 1-303-790
3、-0600 Technic3 Tz!: (O Fax: (O United Kingdom Indexes Ltd 344) 404409, Custoinet Support 34.1) 40442 I, Ccistoiner Suppori In formation Handing Senices and Teclinicai Indexer - Cortitiziad to Service Excellence ETSI TR 1 O0 028-1 V1.4.1 (2001-12) Technical Repor Electromagnetic compatibility and Rad
4、io spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Part 1 2 ETSI TR 100 028-1 V1.4.1 (2001-12) Reference RTR/ERM-RP02-058-1 Keywords measurement uncertainty, mobile, radio ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-O6921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +3
5、3 4 92 94 42 O0 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret No 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-prfecture de Grasse (06) No 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:l/w.etsi .orq The present document may be made ava
6、ilable in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on
7、a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at 3 If you find errors in the present document, send your
8、 comment to: Cori vriaht Notifica tion No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. O European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2001. All rights reserved. ETSI 3 ETSI TR 100 028-1 V1.4.1 (
9、2001-12) Contents Intellectual Property Rights . .8 Foreword . 8 Introduction . .8 1 Scope 1 O 2 References 1 O 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 10 3.1 Definitions . . 10 3.2 Symbols . . 14 3.3 Abbreviations . 17 4 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 5 5.1 5
10、.1.1 5.1.2 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.4 5.5 5.6 Introduction to measurement uncertainty. . .17 Background to measurement uncertainty . 17 Commonly used terms . . 17 Assessment of upper and lower uncertainty bounds . 18 Combination of rectangular distributions 19 Main contributors to uncertainty . 21 Othe
11、r coiitributors . 21 Evaluation of individual uncertainty components . .22 Evaluation of type A uncertainties . .23 Evaluation of type B uncertainties . .23 Uncertainties relating to influence quantities . .24 Methods of evaluation of overall measurement uncertaint .24 Summary . . 25 Overview of the
12、 approach of the present documen . 25 Analysis of measurement uncertainty 2 5 The BIPM method . .26 Type A uncertainties and their evaluation . . 26 Type B uncertainties and their evaluation . 26 Combining individual standard uncertainties in different units . .27 Calculation of the expanded uncerta
13、inty values and Students t-distribution . 29 Students t-distribution . . 29 Expanded uncertainties . 29 Combining standard uncertainties of different parameters, where their influence on each other is Uncertainties and randomness . dependant oil the EUT (influence quantities) Summary of the recommen
14、ded approach . 30 . 32 . 33 6 6.1 Mismatch . . 6.2 Attenuation . 6.3 Calculation involving a dependency function . 6.4 Measurement of carrier power. 6.4.1 Measurement Set-up . 6.4.2 Method of measurement . 39 6.4.3 Power meter and sensor module . 39 6.4.4 Attenuator and cabling network. . 40 6.4.4.1
15、 Reference measurement . . 41 6.4.4.2 .42 6.4.4.3 The 20 dB attenuator .44 6.4.4.4 Instrumentation . 45 6.4.4.5 Power and temperature influences . . 45 Collecting terms . . 45 6.4.4.6 6.4.5 6.4.6 Influence quantities. . .47 Examples of uncertainty calculations specific to radio equipment . .34 The c
16、able and the 10 dB power attenuator . Mismatch during measurement .46 ETSI 4 ETSI TR 100 028-1 V1.4.1 (2001-12) 6.4.7 6.4.8 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 6.5.5 6.5.5.1 6.5.5.2 6.5.5.2.1 6.5.5.2.2 6.5.5.3 6.5.5.4 6.5.5.5 6.6 6.6.1 6.6.2 6.6.3 6.6.4 6.6.4.1 6.6.4.2 6.6.4.3 6.6.4.4 6.6.4.5 6.6.4.6 6.6.5
17、6.6.5.1 6.6.6 6.7 6.7.1 6.7.2 6.7.3 6.7.4 6.8 6.8.1 6.8.2 6.8.2.1 6.8.2.1.1 6.8.2.1.2 6.8.2.1.3 6.8.2.1.4 6.8.2.2 6.8.2.2.1 6.8.2.2.2 6.8.2.2.3 6.8.2.2.4 6.8.2.2.5 6.8.3 6.8.3.1 6.8.3.1.1 6.8.3.1.2 6.8.3.1.3 6.8.3.1.4 6.8.3.2 6.8.3.2.1 6.8.3.2.2 6.8.3.2.3 6.8.3.2.4 6.8.3.2.5 6.8.4 Random . 47 Expand
18、ed uncertainty . 48 Uncertainty calculation for measurement of a receiver (Third order intermodulation) 49 Noise behaviour in different receiver configurations 49 Sensitivity measurement . 50 Interference immunity measurements . 51 Blocking and spurious response measurements 51 Third order intermodu
19、lation 51 Measurement of third order intermodulation 51 Uncertainties involved in the measurement 52 Signal level uncertainty of the two unwanted signals 53 Signal level uncertainty of the wanted sign Analogue speech (SINAD) measurement unce . Uncertainty in measuring continuous bit streams Statisti
20、cs involved in the measurement Calculation of uncertainty limits when BER dependency functions Coherent data communi Coherent data communi Non coherent data communication 61 Non coherent data communications (direct modulation) 61 Non coherent data communications (sub carrier modulation) . 63 Effect
21、of BER on the RF level uncertainty . 63 BER at a specified RF level 64 Limitations in the applicability of BER uncertainty calculations . 67 Uncertainty in measuring messages . 67 General 67 Statistics involved in the measurement . 68 Analysis of the situation where the up down method results in a s
22、hift between two levels 69 Detailed example of uncertainty in measuring messages 69 Examples of measurement uncertainty analysis (Free Field Test Sites) . 72 Introduction . 72 Example 1 : Verification procedure . 73 Uncertainty contributions: Stage 1 : Direct attenuation measurement . 73 Contributio
23、ns from the mismatch components 74 Contributions from individual components . 76 Contribution from the random component 78 Summary table of contributory components 79 Uncertainty contributions: Stage 2: Radiated attenuation measurement . 79 Contributions from the mismatch components 80 Contributions
24、 from individual components . 83 Contribution from the random component 89 Summary table of contributory components 90 Expanded uncertainty for the verification procedure . 91 Example 2: Measurement of a transmitter parameter (spurious emission) . 91 Uncertainty contributions: Stage 1 : EUT measurem
25、ent 91 Contributions from the mismatch components 91 Contributions from the individual components . 92 Contribution from the random component 97 Summary table of contributory components 98 Uncertainty contributions: Stage 2: Substitution measurement 99 Contributions from the mismatch components 99 1
26、01 Contribution from the random component 107 108 108 109 . Contributions from the individual components Summary table of contributory component Expanded uncertainty for the spurious emi Example 3: Measurement of a receiver parameter (Sensitivity) ETSI 5 ETSI TR 100 028-1 V1.4.1 (2001-12) 6.8.4.1 6.
27、8.4.1.1 6.8.4.1.2 6.8.4.1.3 6.8.4.1.4 6.8.4.2 6.8.4.2.1 6.8.4.2.2 6.8.4.2.3 6.8.4.2.4 6.8.4.2.5 6.9 6.9.1 6.9.2 6.9.2.1 6.9.2.1.1 6.9.2.1.2 6.9.2.1.3 6.9.2.1.4 6.9.2.2 6.9.2.2.1 6.9.2.2.2 6.9.2.2.3 6.9.2.2.4 6.9.2.2.5 6.9.3 6.9.3.1 6.9.3.1.1 6.9.3.1.2 6.9.3.1.3 6.9.3.1.4 6.9.3.2 6.9.3.2.1 6.9.3.3 6.
28、9.3.3.1 6.9.3.3.2 6.9.3.3.3 6.9.3.3.4 6.9.3.3.5 6.9.3.4 6.9.3.4.1 6.9.3.4.2 6.9.3.4.3 6.9.3.4.4 6.9.3.4.5 6.10 6.10.1 6.10.2 6.10.3 6.10.3.1 6.10.3.1.1 6.10.3.1.2 6.10.3.2 6.10.3.2.1 6.10.3.2.2 6.10.4 6.10.4.1 6.10.4.1.1 6.10.4.1.2 6.10.4.2 6.10.4.2.1 Uncertainty contributions: Stage 1 : Transform F
29、actor measurement 109 Contributions from the mismatch components . ,109 Contributions from the individual components . 11 1 Contribution from the random component 117 Summary table of contributory components 1 18 Uncertainty contributions: Stage 2: EUT measurement 118 Contributions from the mismatch
30、 components 119 Contributions from the individual components ,120 Contribution from the random component . ,124 Summary table of contributory components. ,125 Expanded uncertainty for the receiver Sensitivity measurement. 126 Examples of measurement uncertainty analysis (Stripline) 126 Introduction
31、. 126 Example 1 : Verification procedure . 126 Uncertainty contributions: Stage 1 on measurement . 127 Contributions from the mismatch components . ,127 130 132 133 ation measurement . 133 137 140 141 141 141 142 142 144 147 148 148 149 149 149 151 154 155 155 155 156 157 160 160 161 . 161 162 162 1
32、63 Transmitter measurement . 163 Contributions from individual compone Contribution from the random componen Summary table of contributory compone Uncertainty contributions: Stage 2: Radiate Contributions from the mismatch components . ,135 Contributions from individual components Contribution from
33、the random component Summary table of contributory components. Expanded uncertainty for the verification procedure Example 2: The measurement of a receiver parameter (Sensitivity) . Uncertainty contributions: Stage 1 : EUT measurement . Contributions from the mismatch components . Contributions from
34、 the individual components Contribution from the random component . Summary table of contributory components. Uncertainty contributions: Stage 2: Field measurement using the results of the verification procedure . . Uncertainty contributions: Stage 2: Field measurement using a monopole Contributions
35、 from the mismatch components . Contributions from the individual components Contribution from the random component . Summary table of contributions . Expanded uncertainty for the receiver sensitivity measurement . . Uncertainty contributions: Stage 2: Field measurement using 3-axis probe Contributi
36、ons from the mismatch components . Contributions from the individual components Contribution from the random component . Summary table of contributory components. Expanded uncertainty for the receiver sensitivity measurement . . Expanded uncertainty for the receiver sensitivity measurement Uncertain
37、ty of fully automated test systems. Test system properties General aspects of the measurement uncertainty The “simple“ test system . Error analysis. . 164 Mismatch uncertainty . 165 Receiver measurements . . 167 Error analysis. . 168 Mismatch uncertainty . 169 . 170 Receiver measurements . 171 Error
38、 analysis. 173 Mismatch uncertainties. . 175 Transmitter measurements 180 Error analysis. 181 The “complex“ test system ETSI 6 ETSI TR 100 028-1 V1.4.1 (2001-12) 6.10.4.2.2 Mismatch uncertamties 184 6.10.5 196 6.10.5.1 example . 197 7 Transmitter measureme . 199 . 199 7.1 Conducted . Frequency error
39、 . . 199 7.1.1 . 200 7.1.2 Carrier power 7.1.3 Adjacent channel p . 204 7.1.3.1 (Using an adjacent channel power meter). 204 Adjacent channel power method 2 (Using a spectrum analyser) . 206 7.1.3.2 7.1.4 Conducted spurious emssions . 207 Direct reading method 207 7.1.4.1 Substitution method . 210 7
40、.1.4.2 7.1.5 Intermodulation attenuation . 212 Attack time 215 7.1.6 7.1.6.1 Frequen ur (attack) . 215 7.1.6.2 Power behaviour (attack) . 216 Release time 217 Frequenc ur (release) 217 7.1.7.2 Power behaviour (release). . 217 7.1.8 Transient behaviour of the transmitter . 217 7.1.8.1 Transient frequ
41、ency behavio ur . . 217 . 218 Frequency deviation . . 219 7.1.9.1 Maximum permissible frequency deviation . . 219 7.1.9.2 Response of the transmitter to modulation frequen . 220 Radiated tests . 221 7.1.7 7.1.7.1 . Power level slope . 7.1.8.2 7.1.9 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.1.1 7.2.1.1.1 7.2.1.1.2 7.2.1.2 7.2.1
42、.2.1 7.2.1.2.2 7.2.1.3 7.2.1.3.1 7.2.1.3.2 7.2.1.4 7.2.1.5 7.2.1.5.1 7.2.1.5.2 7.2.2 7.2.2.1 7.2.2.1.1 7.2.2.1.2 7.2.2.1.3 7.2.2.2 7.2.2.2.1 7.2.2.2.2 7.2.2.2.3 7.2.2.3 7.2.2.3.1 7.2.2.3.2 7.2.2.3.3 7.2.2.4 7.2.2.5 7.2.2.5.1 7.2.2.5.2 7.2.3 7.2.3.1 7.2.3.1.1 Frequency error (30 MHz to 1 O00 MHz) . .
43、 221 Anechoic Chamber . 221 . 221 Expanded uncertainty . 221 Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane . . 221 221 Expanded uncertainty 222 Open Area Test Site 222 222 Expanded uncertainty 222 Stripline . 222 Test fixture . 222 223 Expanded uncertainty 223 . 223 Anechoic Chamber 223 Uncertainty contribut
44、ions: Sta 223 224 225 Anechoic Chamber plane 226 226 227 228 228 228 229 230 230 . 230 om the measurement . 23 1 23 1 23 1 23 1 . .23 1 Contributions from the measurement Contributions from the measurement Contributions from the measurement Contributions from the measur . Effective radiated power (3
45、0 MHz to . Expanded uncertainty . Open Area Test Site . Expanded uncertainty . Uncertainty contributions: Stage one: EUT measurement. . Uncertainty contributions: Stage two: Substitution measurement Expanded uncertainty . Radiated spurious emissions Uncertainty contributions: Stage one: EUT measurem
46、ent. . Anechoic Chamber . ETSI 7 ETSI TR 100 028-1 V1.4.1 (2001-12) 7.2.3.1.2 7.2.3.1.3 7.2.3.2 7.2.3.2.1 7.2.3.2.2 7.2.3.2.3 7.2.3.3 7.2.3.3.1 7.2.3.3.2 7.2.3.3.3 7.2.3.4 7.2.3.5 7.2.4 7.2.4.1 7.2.4.2 7.2.4.3 7.2.4.4 7.2.4.5 7.2.4.5.1 7.2.4.5.2 Annex A: Uncertainty contributions: Stage two: Substit
47、ution . 232 Expanded uncertainty 233 Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane . 233 Uncertainty contributions: Stage one: EUT measurement . 233 Uncertainty contributions: Stage two: Substitution measurement . 235 Expanded uncertainty 236 Open Area Test Site 236 Uncertainty contributions: Stage one: EUT
48、measurement . 236 Uncertainty contributions: Stage two: Substitution measurement . 237 Expanded uncertainty 238 Stripline . 238 23 8 23 8 Anechoic Chambe 23 8 Anechoic Chambe 23 9 Open Area Test Si 23 9 23 9 23 9 23 9 23 9 Bibliography 240 History 241 ETSI 8 ETSI TR 100 028-1 V1.4.1 (2001-12) Intell
49、ectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR O00 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (7PRs); Essential, orpotentially Essential, IPRs notlJied to ETSI in respect ofETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (5). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no invest
