1、ETSI TR 102 156 1.1.1 (2003-04) Technical Repor Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Broadband Satellite Multimedia; IP interworking over satellite; M u It i cast i ng 2 ETSI TR 102 156 VI .I .I (2003-04) Reference DTR/SES-00075 Keywords interworking, broadband, IP, multimedia, satellite ETSI
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6、n all media. O European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2003. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTMand UMTSTMare Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTM and the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3G
7、PPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI 3 ETSI TR 102 156 VI . 1 . 1 (2003-04) Contents Intellectual Property Rights 6 Foreword . 6 Introduction 6 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.2.1 4.5.2.2
8、4.5.2.2.1 4.6 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.7 4.7.1 4.7.2 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.10.1 4.10.2 4.11 4.11.1 4.11.2 4.11.3 4.11.4 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.14.1 4.14.2 Scope 7 References 7 Definitions and abbreviations . 8 Definitions Abbreviations Multicasting background 12 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.4 5.5 5.6 Introductio
9、n 13 IP multicasting 14 IP broadcasting . 16 IP multicast addresses 17 Class D addresses . 17 MAC layer mapping . 18 IP Multicast Routing Protocols 18 Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) . 19 Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) . 19 Dense Mode 19 Sparse Mode 19 Rendezvous Point (RP)
10、20 Inter-domain multicast . 21 General 21 21 22 24 Source Specific Multicast 25 25 26 26 Administrative scop 26 Reliable multicast protoc 26 One- to-many (st ar-base 26 One-to-many (tree-based) 27 One-to-many (ring-based) . 28 Many-to-many 29 Multicast security . 30 IPv6 and IPv4 multicast issues .
11、30 Streaming and streaming protocols 31 Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) . 31 The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) 32 Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) Internet Group Management 22 Applications and use cases . 32 Introduction 32 Multicast Backbone (MBone) 33 33 33 34 34 35 36 37 Edge-
12、and data-casting 38 ETSI 4 ETSI TR 102 156 VI .I .I (2003-04) 5.6.1 5.6.2 6 Edge casting to gateways. . 3 8 Edge- and data-casting to terminals 39 Satellite multicasting issues . .39 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4.1 6.4.1.1 6.4.1.2 6.4.1.3 6.4.2 6.4.2.1 6.4.2.2 6.4.2.3 6.4.3 6.4.3.1 6.4.3.2 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.1.1 6
13、.5.1.2 6.5.1.2.1 6.5.1.2.2 6.5.1.3 6.5.1.3.1 6.5.1.3.2 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.3.1 6.5.3.2 6.5.3.3 6.5.3.4 6.5.4 6.6 6.6.1 6.6.1.1 6.6.2 6.6.3 6.6.4 6.7 6.7.1 6.7.2 6.7.3 6.7.4 6.8 - Introduction . Multicast via Broadcast . BSM multicast capability issues. Satellite multicast architectures . Star networks .
14、 Single gateway/hub . . Multiple gateways . Internal source . Mesh networks Single gateway Multiple gateways . Internal source . Forward and return cha Forward channels Return channels . User traffic forwarding funct Replication externally Replication in a gateway . Replication in a satellite termin
15、al Replication in a multicast entry pokt Replication in satellite . Replication at MAC layer Replication at IP layer . Replication and routing summary . Totally reliable multicast (file transfer). Semi-reliable multicast (audio, video) Acknowledgements . .64 FEC for increased reliability . Receiver
16、synchronization 65 Multicast control functions . Satellite multicast routing . User and terminal mobility IP multicast addressing . MAC layer multicast addressing . Satellite multicast group management Multicast management functions Capacity requirements and resource management Traffic management 70
17、 Physical and Link Layer issues Performance and QoS issues Security in satellite multicast . Satellite multicast repli . 58 . 58 . 59 . 60 . 60 . 61 . 62 . 63 . 64 . 64 . .64 65 65 . .67 67 68 68 70 70 Reliable multicast in BSM . 7 7.1 DVB . 7.2 Other multicast standards work 73 .73 tion work . 73 7
18、.2.1 TCP/IP network model . .73 7.2.2 Relevant IETF Working Groups . .74 7.2.3 Multicast or satellite related RFC documents . . 75 7.3 ITU multicasting standardization work 78 7.3.1 79 7.3.1.1 ECTS definition 82 7.3.1.2 Multi-peer framework . 82 7.3.1.3 Simplex multicast transport. 82 7.3.1.4 QoS fo
19、r simplex multicast transport 82 7.3.2.1 Next Generation Networks (NGN) . 84 Activities and work items in ITU-T Q.8/17 7.3.2 SG 13: Multi-protocol and IP-based networks and t . 83 ETSI 5 ETSI TR 102 156 VI . 1 . 1 (2003-04) 7.3.2.2 Study Group 13 Question 13 . Interoperability of Satellite and Terre
20、strial Networks 84 8 BSM multicast discussion 85 8.1 Gap analysis . 85 8.2 BSM multicast key findings . 86 8.3 Source group table management 89 8.4 Address space management 90 8.5 Brief BSM Multicast Proxy description . 90 8.5.1 Basic needs and optional features . 95 8.5.2 BSM Multicast Networks . 9
21、6 8.5.3 BSM multicast protocols 100 8.5.4 Performance measurement 101 8.5.5 Use case concepts . 102 8.6 BSM multicast operation 103 General operation 103 8.6.1 Preconditions and Assumptions 104 8.6.2 8.6.3 Scenario description 105 8.6.3.1 Setup of scheduled multicast sessions . 105 8.6.3.2 Setup of
22、on-demand multicast sessions . 106 8.6.3.3 Dynamic JO in . 107 8.6.3.4 Dynamic leave . 108 8.6.3.5 Multicast teardown 109 8.6.3.6 Configuration parameters 110 9 Recommendations 110 Specification topics and draft scope . 111 9.1 9.2 Brief discussion on concept 114 . Annex A: Security systems in DVB-S
23、 and DVB-RCS . 116 A . 1 Conditional access in DVB-S . 116 A.2 DVB-RCS security . 117 A.3 DVB-S and IP multicast security . 118 A.4 Satellite ATM security systems 118 A.4.1 Technical challenges in GE0 satellites 118 A.4.2 ATM and IP multicast security challenges . 119 Annex B: Some other satellite m
24、ulticast work 120 B . 1 SIMPLE system description . 120 B.2 Spaceway 120 B.3 Hispasat 120 B.4 SatCAST - Satellite multicast for Web applications 121 B.5 GEOCAST study presentation . 122 B.6 ICEBERGS . 125 B.6.1 Overview 125 B.6.2 Intra-dom 126 Annex C: Some useful web links . 128 Annex D: Multicast
25、related RFCs . 129 History 135 ETSI 6 ETSI TR 102 156 VI .I .I (2003-04) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and
26、 non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR O00 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (7PRs); Essential, orpotentially Essential, IPRs notlJied to ETSI in respect ofETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (5). All published ETSI d
27、eliverables shall include information which directs the reader to the above source of information. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES). The present document has been generated by ETSI Specialist Task Force STF 2
28、14 “Broadband and Satellite integration“ 5. I n t rod uct ion This work is based on the two ETSI Technical Reports, TR 101 984 4 and TR 101 985 3. The present document identifies and discusses issues related to a standardization of Broadband Satellite Multimedia (BSM) multicast, and suggests technic
29、al specifications to be produced by ETSI. The present document focuses on proposed standards for delivering IP Multicast over BSM networks, since IP is expected to be the most common multicast technology. However, we recognize that satellite multicast concepts do need not be based on IP, but non-IP
30、multicast presently lack a portfolio of protocols and applications compared to IP. It is assumed that the reader is somewhat familiar with IP, multicast concepts and BSM satellite systems. ETSI 7 ETSI TR 102 156 VI .I .I (2003-04) 1 Scope The focus of the present document is satellite-based multicas
31、ting, including IP multicasting. The scope of the present document is to: identiSl relevant multicast issues, use cases service architectures for satellite multicasting; identiSl satellite specific issues and technical requirements for satellite multicasting; identiSl relevant standardization work i
32、n other standards bodies; and conclude what actions ETSI should be taking with respect to preparing Technical Specifications. 2 Re fe re nces For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expect
33、ed location might be found at http: /docbcts.etsi.ctrg/Referenct ETSI TR 101 374-1: “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Broadband satellite multimedia; Part 1: Survey on standardization objectives“, 1998. ETSI TR 101 374-2: “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Broadband satellite mu
34、ltimedia; Part 2: Scenario for standardization“, 2000. ETSI TR 101 985: “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Broadband Satellite Multimedia; IP over Satellite“. ETSI TR 101 984: “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Broadband Satellite Multimedia; Services and Architectures“. STF 214
35、Terms of Reference; Terms of Reference for Specialist Task Force STF 214 (SES) on Broadband Satellite Internet Integration; 2001. IETF RFC 2887 (2000): “The Reliable Multicast Design Space for Bulk Data Transfer“. IETF RFC 1112 (1989): “Host Extensions for IP Multicasting“. IETF RFC 2236 (1997): “In
36、ternet Group Management Protocol, Version 2“. IETF RFC 2326 (1998): “Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)“. IETF RFC 21 17 (1997): “Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification“. IETF RFC 1889 (1996): “RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications“. IETF RFC 2365
37、 (1998): “Administratively Scoped IP Multicast“. IETF RFC 1884 (1995): “IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture“. IETF RFC 1458 (1993): “Requirements for Multicast Protocols“. IETF RFC 2627 (1999): “Key Management for Multicast: Issues and Architectures“. IETF RFC 3307 (2002): “Allocation Guidelines fo
38、r IPv6 Multicast Addresses“. IETF RFC 2715 (1999): “Interoperability Rules for Multicast Routing Protocols“. IETF RFC 3353 (2002): “Overview of IP Multicast in a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Environment“. ETSI 8 ETSI TR 102 156 VI .I .I (2003-04) i191 i201 i211 i221 i231 i241 i251 i271 i291
39、 i301 i3 i1 i321 i261 i281 i331 i341 i351 i3 61 i3 81 i371 M. Koyabe and G. Fairhurst: “Performance of reliable multicast protocols via satellite at EHF persistent fades“, Report, Electronics Research Group University of Aberdeen Kings College, Old Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE Scotland. Mohammad Ban
40、ikazemi: “IP Multicasting: Concepts, Algorithms, and Protocols, IGMP, RPM, CBT, DVMRP, MOSPF, PIM, MBONE“. M.Koyabe and G. Fairhurst: “Reliable Multicast Via Satellite: A Comparison Survey and Taxonomy“, International Journal for Satellite Communications (IJSC), Vol:24( i), 21-26,2001, IETF RFC 2362
41、 (1998): “Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification“. IETF RFC 1075 (1988): “Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol“. IETF RFC 3376 (2002): “Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 3“. IETF RFC 2093 (1997): “Group Key Management Protocol (GKMP) Specification
42、“. IETF RFC 2094 (1997): “Group Key Management Protocol (GKMP) Architecture“. IETF RFC 1949 (1996): “Scalable Multicast Key Distribution“. Draft-ietf-rmt-info-fec-03 (2003): “The Use of Forward Error Correction in Reliable Multicast“. IETF RFC 3077 (200 1): “A Link-Layer Tunneling Mechanism for Unid
43、irectional Links“. IETF RFC 11 19 (1989): “Network Time Protocol (version 2) specification and implementation“. ETSI TR 102 157: “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Broadband Satellite Multimedia; IP Interworking over satellite; Performance, Availability and Quality of Service“. ITU-T Recom
44、mendation 1.571 : “Connection of VSAT based private networks to the public ISDN“. ITU-T Recommendation 1.572: “VSAT interconnection with the PSTN“. ETSI EN 301 790: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Interaction channel for satellite distribution systems“. Draft-ietf-msdp-spec-14 (2002): “Multicast
45、Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)“. Draft-ietf-ssm-overview-04 (2002): “An Overview of Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)“. IETF RFC 2933 (2000): “Internet Group Management Protocol MIB“. Draft-ietf-magma-igmp-proxy-02 (2002): “IGMP/MLD-based Multicast Forwarding (“IGMP/MLD Proxying“)“. 3 3.1 Definition
46、s and abbreviations De fi nit ions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: gateway: network point that acts as an entrance to another network; often a connection point between a satellite network and the core network NOTE: Traffic exits to the core networ
47、k via a gateway when it originates in the satellite network. satellite access function/terminal: end point for a satellite connection that does not connect to the core network NOTE: In a mesh network terminals and gateways can in principle be the same hardware with equal air interfaces, but will nor
48、mally be distinguishable by their terrestrial connections and their size/capacity. ETSI 9 ETSI TR 102 156 VI .I .I (2003-04) Multicast Entry Point (MEP): point of entry into the BSM network for an external multicast source NOTE: Does not need to be a fixed entry point. Temporary definition for TR 10
49、2 156. Network Entry Point (NEP): point of entry for external communication into the BSM network Network Control Center (NCC): satellite network node that controls the network resources May hold subscriber data and info like where users or terminals are at any time. NOTE: host/multicast host: IETF terminology for any computer or network device that has full two-way access to other computers on the Internet NOTE: In the context of multicast it is a computer that sends or receives multicast data. multicast: communication capability, which denotes unidirectional distrib
