1、 WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Material Specification GMW16535 Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Wheel Bolts and Studs Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2011 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 4 1 Scope This standard covers
2、the metallurgical, processing, and mechanical requirements for passenger car and truck wheel bolts and studs. 1.1 Material Description. This specification describes serrated and non-serrated shank wheel bolts and studs. Serrated shank wheel bolts and studs include carburized and quenched and tempere
3、d requirements. Non-serrated quenched and tempered bolts and studs are also described. The type of wheel bolt or stud is described by a suffix added to the basic specification. Type 1 is carburized serrated shank wheel bolts and studs. Type 2 is quenched and tempered shank bolts and studs. Type 3 is
4、 through hardened non-serrated shank bolts and studs. 1.2 Symbols. Not applicable. 1.3 Typical Applications. Metric serrated and non-serrated wheel bolts and studs. 1.4 Remarks. Not applicable. 2 References Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 Exter
5、nal Standards/Specifications. ISO 898-1 SAE J403 ISO 6157-3 SAE 1423 ISO 8992 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. GMW25 GMW3059 2.3 Additional References. TMC003 Material Safety Data Sheet guidance documents 3 Requirements 3.1 Material. 3.1.1 Type 1 Serrated Shank Bolts and Studs. SAE 1541 per SAE J403
6、 steel, fine grain shall be used for metric sizes through 14 mm diameter. Medium carbon alloy steel, fine grain with hardenability that will produce a minimum hardness of HRC 47 at center of threaded section, one diameter from end of bolt after oil quenching shall be used for metric sizes over 14 mm
7、. 3.1.2 Type 2 and Type 3 Serrated Shank/Non-serrated Shank Bolts and Studs. Medium carbon or medium carbon alloy steel per GMW25 grade 10.9. 3.2 Type Requirements. 3.2.1 Type 1 Carburized Serrated Shank Bolts and Studs. 3.2.1.1 Carburization. Carburized serrated shank bolts and studs shall be carbu
8、rized in a non-nitriding atmosphere to a total case depth of 0.10 to 0.30 mm, oil quenched and tempered at a minimum temperature of 450 C. Case depth shall be measured on a transverse section through the serrations according to SAE J423 using visual methods. 3.2.1.2 Hardness. The surface hardness of
9、 carburized serrated shank bolts and studs shall be HR15N 81.5 or HV 412 maximum. Base metal hardness at the mid radius one diameter from the end shall be HRC 28 to 34 or HV 286 to 336. 3.2.1.3 Tensile Strength. The tensile strength and tensile load shall meet the requirements of Table 1 when tested
10、 according to ISO 898-1 using the fixture shown in Figure A1. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW16535 Copyright 2011 Genera
11、l Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2011 Page 2 of 4 Table 1: Mechanical Properties of Carburized Serrated Shank Bolts and Studs Tensile Strength Minimum Tensile Strength Rm, min in MPa Thread Size Nominal Stress Area AS, nom in mm2 Minimum Ultimate Tensile Load AS,nom x Rm,min in kN 910 M12 x
12、 1.5 88.1 80.2 910 M14 x 1.5 125 114 910 M18 x 1.5 216 197 910 M20 x 1.5 272 248 910 M22 x 1.5 333 303 min = minimum nom = nominal 3.2.2 Type 2 Quenched and Tempered Serrated Shank Bolt. 3.2.2.1 Quenched and Tempering. Quenched and tempered serrated shank bolts shall meet the requirements of GMW25 G
13、rade 10.9 with the following modifications: The bolts shall be processed in a non-nitriding carbon enriching atmosphere. Slight carburization is permissible with a maximum surface hardness of 400 HV0.3. The part shall be oil quenched and tempered at a minimum temperature of 425 C. Decarburization is
14、 not permitted when evaluated according to ISO 898-1. Carbon enrichment and decarburization shall be measured on a transverse section through the threads and serrations. 3.2.2.2 Hardness. Base metal hardness range shall be HRC 34 to 39 or 340 to 380 HV10. Hardness testing shall be conducted accordin
15、g to ISO 898-1. 3.2.2.3 Tensile Strength. The tensile strength and tensile load shall meet the requirements of Table 2 when tested according to ISO 898-1 using the fixture shown in Figure A1. Table 2: Quenched and Tempered Serrated Shank Bolt Tensile Strength Minimum Tensile Strength Rm, min in MPa
16、Thread Size Nominal Stress Area AS, nom in mm2 Minimum Ultimate Tensile Load AS,nom x Rm,min in kN 1040 M12 x 1.5 88.1 91.6 1040 M14 x 1.5 125 130 1040 M18 x 1.5 216 225 1040 M20 x 1.5 272 283 1040 M22 x 1.5 333 346 min = minimum nom = nominal 3.2.3 Type 3 Non-serrated Shank Bolt. Type 3 Non-serrate
17、d shank bolts shall meet the requirements of GMW25 Grade 10.9. 3.3 Surface Discontinuities. Serrated shank bolts and studs shall not have surface discontinuities exceeding those indicated in ISO 6157-3. The surface discontinuity test is applied to Test Program A bolts before machining. 3.4 Retemperi
18、ng Test. The means of three hardness readings on a bolt or screw tested before and after retempering shall not differ by more than 20 Vickers points when retempered and held at a part temperature 10 C less than the specified minimum tempering temperature for 30 minutes. Note: This test shall be used
19、 for audit purposes only. 3.5 Bend Test. 3.5.1 Bend Test. Bolt shall be supported in a steel V-block and loaded by a press, as shown in Figure A2 and Table A1, until the bolt bottoms on the fixture. 3.5.2 Bend Test Acceptance. Bolt shall withstand a 10 degree bend without cracking. Crack detection s
20、hall be done using magnetic particle inspection. 3.6 Serration Test (Applies Only to Serrated Shank Bolts). 3.6.1 Serration Test Procedure. Bolt shall be pressed until seated into a round hole (diameter specified on bolt drawing) drilled into a steel plate, no less than 12 mm thick and hardness BHN
21、269 to 285 (equivalent HRC 28 to 30). Bolt shall then Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW16535 Copyright 2011 General Motors
22、 Company All Rights Reserved June 2011 Page 3 of 4 be pressed out and serrations inspected. The portion of the hole engaged by serrations shall be new for each test. 3.6.2 Serration Acceptance. Bolt serrations shall not peel such that they accumulate under the bolt head when pressed into the specifi
23、ed test plate. 3.7 Delivery Requirements. Delivery conditions according to ISO 8992. 4 Manufacturing Process Bolts and studs shall be cold formed, roll threaded and heat treated. 5 Rules and Regulations 5.1 Legal Regulations. All materials must satisfy applicable laws, rules, regulations and recomme
24、ndations valid in the country of usage. 5.2 Language. In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take precedence. 5.3 Inspection and Rejection. Samples of components or materials released to a GM material specification shall be tested for conformit
25、y with the requirements of this material specification and approved by the responsible Engineering department prior to commencement of delivery of bulk supplies. A new approval must be received for any changes, e.g., properties, manufacturing process, location of manufacture, etc. If not otherwise a
26、greed, all testing and documentation normally required for initial release must be completed. It is the responsibility of the supplier to inform the customer in a timely manner, without solicitation, and to include documentation of all modifications of materials and/or processes and to apply for a n
27、ew release. If not otherwise agreed, all release tests shall be repeated and documented by the supplier prior to commencement of delivery of non-conforming bulk supplies. In individual cases, a shorter test can be agreed to between the responsible Engineering department and the supplier. 5.4 Initial
28、 Source Approval. No shipments shall be made by any supplier until representative initial production samples have been approved by the appropriate Materials Engineering department(s) as meeting the requirements of this specification. 5.5 Material Safety Data Sheets/Safety Data Sheets (MSDS/SDS). For
29、 new product submissions, or when a change in chemical composition of an existing product has occurred, a complete copy of the Material Safety Data Sheet/Safety Data Sheet must be submitted in compliance with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) requiremen
30、ts or other country-specific MSDS/SDS requirements. In addition, product MSDS/SDS submissions must be in compliance with specific country General Motors TMC003 Material Safety Data Sheet/Safety Data Sheet guidance documents where available. 5.6 All materials supplied to this standard must comply wit
31、h the requirements of GMW3059, Restricted and Reportable Substances for Parts. 6 Approved Sources Engineering qualifications of an approved source are required for this standard. Only sources listed in the GM Materials File, GM Supply Power, under this standard number have been qualified by Engineer
32、ing as meeting the requirements of this standard. For other GM locations, the responsible Engineering group should be contacted to obtain the approved source in that individual country. 7 Notes 7.1 Glossary. Not applicable. 7.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols. GHS Globally Harmonized System MSD
33、S Material Safety Data Sheet SDS Safety Data Sheet 8 Coding System This standard shall be referenced in other documents, drawings, etc., as follows: Material per GMW16535 Type y Where: y = 1, 2 or 3 as described in 1.1. 9 Release and Revisions This standard was originated in February 2011. It was fi
34、rst approved by Global Tire and Wheel Team in June 2011. It was first published in June 2011. Issue Publication Date Description (Organization) 1 JUN 2011 Initial publication. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or n
35、etworking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW16535 Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2011 Page 4 of 4 Appendix A Figure A1: Axial Test Fixture Table A1: V Block Dimensions Metric Sizes (mm) Size L B2 M12 x 1.5 25.40 1.16 M14 x 1.5 30.00 1.21 M18 x 1.5 40.00 1.34 M20 x 1.5 40.00 1.19 M22 x 1.5 45.00 1.25 Figure A2: Bend Test Fixture and Setup Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
