1、2010 年考研英语（二）真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11 , 2009. It is the first wor
2、ldwide epidemic【B1】_by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert【B2】_an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising【B3 】_in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is“【B4】_“in severity, according t
3、o Margaret Chan, the organizations director general ,【B5 】_the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the【B6】_of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global【B7】_in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number
4、 of hospitalizations and deaths【B8 】_healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to【B9】_in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade【B10】_warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2
5、009, officials reported there was【B11】_flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the【B12】_tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1 , not seasonal flu. In the U. S. , it has【B13】_more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6, 000 hospitaliza
6、tions.Federal health officials【B14】_Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began【B15】_orders from the slates for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is【B16】_ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made avai
7、lable in early October 2009, though most of those【B17】_doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not【B18】_for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other【B19 】_. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups
8、; health care workers, people【B20 】 _infants and healthy young people.1 【B1 】（A）criticized（B） appointed（C） commented（D）designated2 【B2 】（A）proceeded（B） activated（C） followed（D）prompted3 【B3 】（A）digits（B） numbers（C） amounts（D）sums4 【B4 】（A）moderate（B） normal（C） unusual（D）extreme5 【B5 】（A）with（B） in（C
9、） from（D）by6 【B6 】（A）progress（B） absence（C） presence（D）favor7 【B7 】（A）reality（B） phenomenon（C） concept（D）notice8 【B8 】（A）over（B） for（C） among（D）to9 【B9 】（A）stay up（B） crop up（C） fill up（D）cover up10 【B10 】（A）as（B） if（C） unless（D）until11 【B11 】（A）excessive（B） enormous（C） significant（D）magnificent12 【
10、B12 】（A）categories（B） examples（C） patterns（D）samples13 【B13 】（A）imparted（B） immersed（C） injected（D）infected14 【B14 】（A）released（B） relayed（C） relieved（D）remained15 【B15 】（A）placing（B） delivering（C） taking（D）giving16 【B16 】（A）feasible（B） available（C） reliable（D）applicable17 【B17 】（A）prevalent（B） prin
11、cipal（C） innovative（D）initial18 【B18 】（A）presented（B） restricted（C） recommended（D）introduced19 【B19 】（A）problems（B） issues（C） agonies（D）sufferings20 【B20 】（A）involved in（B） caring for（C） concerned with（D）warding offPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text
12、 by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sothebys in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than 70m, a record
13、 for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in
14、2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics , a research firmdouble the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,
15、greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirsts sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-third
16、s, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the worlds two biggest auction houses, Sothebys and Christies, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art ma
17、rket is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christies chief executive, says: “ Im pretty confident were at the bot
18、tom. “What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Dsdeath, debt and div
19、orcestill deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21 In the first paragraph, Damien Hirsts sale was referred to as “a last victory“ because_.（A）the art market had witnessed a succession of victories（B） the auctioneer
20、finally got the two pieces at the highest bids（C） Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces（D）it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22 By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable“ ( Line 1 -2, Para. 3) , the author suggests that_.（A）collector
21、s were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions（B） people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries（C） art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent（D）works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23 Which of the follow
22、ing statements is NOT true?（A）Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.（B） The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.（C） The art market generally went downward in various ways.（D）Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24 The three Ds mentioned in
23、the last paragraph are_.（A）auction houses favorites（B） contemporary trends（C） factors promoting artwork circulation（D）styles representing impressionists25 The most appropriate title for this text could be_.（A）Fluctuation of Art Prices（B） Up-to-date Art Auctions（C） Art Market in Decline（D）Shifted Int
24、erest in Arts25 I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living rooma womens group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening, one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward
25、 the end of the evening, I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, “Shes the talker in our family. “ The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. “Its true, “ he expl
26、ained. “When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didnt keep the conversation going, wed spend the whole evening in silence.This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern
27、is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewedbut only a few of the mengave lack of communication as the reason for thei
28、r divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent, that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every yeara virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having give
29、n up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead, they focused on communication; “He doesnt listen to me. “ “He doesnt talk to me. “ I found, as Hacker observed years befo
30、re, that most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper h
31、eld up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26 What is most wives main expectation of their husbands?（A）Talking to them.（B） Trusting them.（C） Supporting their careers.（D）Sharing housework.27 Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc“ (Line 2, Para.
32、 2) most probably means（A）generating motivation（B） exerting influence（C） causing damage（D）creating pressure28 All of the following are true EXCEPT_.（A）men tend to talk more in public than women（B） nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation（C） women attach much importance
33、to communication between couples（D）a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29 Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text ?（A）The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .（B） Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.（C） Husband and wife
34、have different expectations from their marriage.（D）Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30 In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on_.（A）a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk（B） a detailed description of the stereotypical c
35、artoon（C） other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U. S.（D）a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker30 Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviorshabitsamong consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of
36、 dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“ There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we cant figure out how to change peoples
37、 habits, “ said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national or
38、igin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens ta
39、ke turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and mora
40、l character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other anti
41、discrimination laws。The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exem
42、pted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Sel
43、ection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Sup
44、reme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36 From
45、 the principles of the US jury system, we learn that_.（A）both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries（B） defendants are immune from trial by their peers（C） no age limit should be imposed for jury service（D）judgment should consider the opinion of the public37 The practice of selecting so-c
46、alled elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_.（A）the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws（B） the prevalent discrimination against certain races（C） the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures（D）the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges38 Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury
47、list in some states because_.（A）they were automatically banned by state laws（B） they fell far short of the required qualifications（C） they were supposed to perform domestic duties（D）they tended to evade public engagement39 After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed, _.（A）sex discrimination
48、in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished（B） educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors（C） jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community（D）states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system4
49、0 In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_.（A）its nature and problems（B） its characteristics and tradition（C） its problems and their solutions（D）its tradition and developmentPart B40 Copying Birds May Save Aircraft FuelBoth Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever desi
