[考研类试卷]2011年天津外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷及答案与解析.doc
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1、2011 年天津外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 _ is a central vowel.(A)e(B) i(C) u(D)a2 Which of the following is a pair of relational opposites?(A)single vs. married(B) hot vs. cold(C) alive vs. dead(D)husband vs. wife3 Which of the following is a minimal pair?(A)pet, kid(B) put, pest(C) cave, shave(D)mu
2、st, taste4 Which of the following ways of word-formation does not change the grammatical class of the stems?(A)compound(B) inflection(C) derivation(D)coinage5 Which of the following statements is true?(A)Larynx is what we sometimes call “Adams apple“.(B) The International Phonetic Alphabet uses narr
3、ow transcription.(C) There are two nasal consonants in English.(D)It is sounds by which we make communicative meaning.6 A _has been added to Chomskys first model of grammar as shown in his Aspects of the Theory of Syntax(1965).(A)set of rewriting rules(B) component of categories(C) semantic componen
4、t(D)word classification7 According to the manner of articulation,mis a_.(A)bilabial(B) plosive(C) nasal(D)lateral8 “I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2,000 years ago. “ This shows that language has the design feature of_.(A)arbitrariness(B) creativity(C) duality(D)displacement9 _ refe
5、rs to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.(A)Langue(B) Competence(C) Communicative competence(D)Linguistic potential10 Which of the following is an “inflectional suffix“?(A)-ist(B) -ary(C) -ing(D)-ify11 In todays grammar we normally say that English does no
6、t have a “ future tense“. This is because in English _.(A)the future is not expressed by morphological change(B) the future can be expressed in many ways(C) the future belongs to the category of “aspect“(D)the future is expressed by modal verbs12 _is a phenomenon that in some speech communities two
7、languages exist side by side with each having a different role to play; and language switching occurs when the situation changes.(A)Bilingualism(B) Diglossia(C) Pidgin(D)Creole13 _ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age varia
8、tions.(A)Register(B) Linguistic repertoire(C) Idiolect(D)Dialect14 Which of the following is NOT included in the three classes of syntactic relations?(A)positional relations(B) relations of co-occurrence(C) relations of expansion(D)relations of substitutability15 All of the following are characteris
9、tics of implicature EXCEPT_.(A)conventionality(B) non-detachability(C) cancellability(D)calculability16 “He has already trunked two packs“ is an example of_error.(A)anticipation(B) exchange(C) morpheme-exchange(D)perception17 The criterion used in IC analysis is_.(A)construction(B) constituent(C) st
10、ructure(D)substitutability18 According to G. Leech, who recognizes 7 types of meaning in his Semantics, _ makes up the central part.(A)conceptual meaning(B) connotative meaning(C) social meaning(D)thematic meaning19 “The Club“ is a device for blocking an automobiles steering wheel, thus protecting t
11、he car from being stolen. And one of its ads reads:The Club ! FD Anti-theft device for cars Police Say: “ Use it“ or Lose It In terms of the Gricean theory, what maxim is exploited here?(A)the maxim of manner(B) the maxim of relevance(C) the maxim of quality(D)the maxim of quantity20 What semantic r
12、elation do the following sentences have?A. I saw a girl.B. I saw a child.(A)contradiction(B) entailment(C) synonym(D)Presupposition二、名词解释21 semantic field theory(3 points)22 favourite sentence type(4 points)23 free variation(3 points)24 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis(4 points)25 endocentric construction(3 p
13、oints)26 back formation(3 points)三、写作题27 Choose any THREE of the following questions to analyze. Write the number of the question and your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Discuss the major contributions of Saussure to modern linguistics.28 Comment on the “innateness hypothesis“.29 Explain the purpose and
14、 significance of reconstruction in historical linguistics and the method employed by historical linguists.30 How do you interpret the distinctions between language acquisition and language learning?31 How do you comment on the two frequently used analogies for attempted inference on the origin of la
15、nguage: the acquisition of speech by children and the structures and characteristics of so-called “primitive“ languages?2011 年天津外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 考查中元音。英语元音可以根据舌位分为前元音、中元音、后元音,中元音有 三个。2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 考查关系对立项。它是逆向反义词的另一个名称,逆向反义关系通常见于两两相对的社会角色、亲属关系、时间关系、空间关系等。3 【正确答案】 C【试
16、题解析】 考查最小对立体。当两个词,除了出现在同一位置上的一个音外,其余的音都相同,那么这两个词就构成了一个最小对立体。4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查构词法中的屈折变化。屈折变化是通过附加屈折词缀进行构词,体现的是语法关系,如数、人称、有定性、体和格,屈折词缀不会改变所附加词语的语法类。5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查宽式标音和严式标音。只用字母符号标记语音时,称为宽式标音,除了字母符号之外还用变音符号对语音进行标记时,则称为严式标音。IPA 除了用字母符号之外,还用了变音符号。6 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 考查乔姆斯基的标准理论。在标准理论阶段(1965 一 1970),乔
17、姆斯基在他的语法模型中加入了语义成分。7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 考查发音方式。根据发音方式,辅音可以分为爆破音、鼻音、擦音、近音、边音、颤音、触音和闪音以及塞擦音。在英语中,有m,n ,三个鼻音。8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 考查语言的移位性特征。移位性指人类语言可以让使用者表达说话当时当地并不存在的物体、事件和观点。9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查语言的定义。语言是一个言语集团的所有成员共享的抽象语言系统。10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 考查屈折词缀。屈折词缀体现的是语法关系,产生的是一个词的不同形式,如数、人称、体和格等,不会改变所附加词语的词类。11 【正确答案】
18、A【试题解析】 考查英语的时态。现在一般认为英语中有两种时态:现在时和过去时。因为将来时并不采用跟它们相同的表达方式。将来时不用形态学手段表达,即不用动词的不同形式表达,而是用其他手段表达。12 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查双语现象。在某些语言社区中,两种语言同时存在,各自扮演不同的角色,当场合变换时,两种语言之间发生转换,这被称为双语现象。13 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 考查个人方言。个人方言指的是个人在特定语言的整个体系内说或写所显示出来的语言体系,它综合了宗教、社会、性别以及年龄等因素。14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 考查句法关系。句法关系是指在句子组合中词和词之间的关系,
19、有三种位置关系,替代关系和共现关系。15 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查会话含义的特点。会话含义的特点有可推导性、可取消性和不可分离性。16 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 考查词素交换错误。词素交换错误指的是一个口语句子语法结构正确,但是句中两个词的词根或者基本形式交换了位置,如本题中的“trunk”和“pack”。17 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 考查直接成分分析法。其分析标准是可替换性,即看某组词语能否被一个单独的词所取代,取代之后结构是否保持不变。18 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查利奇提出的七种意义。分别是概念意义,内涵意义,社会意义,情感意义,反射意义,搭配意义,主题意义。
20、利奇认为概念意义是七种意义的中心部分。19 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查合作原则的四个准则,分别是数量准则,质量准则,关系准则,方式准则。关系准则要求说话内容与谈话有关联。20 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查句子之间的语义关系。语义关系有蕴含,预设,矛盾,不一致,语义异常。蕴含是指命题之间的意义关系,一个命题意义包含在另一个命题意义当中。二、名词解释21 【正确答案】 The origin of the field theory of semantics is the lexical field theory introduced by Jost Trier in the 1930s
21、. Semantic field is a term referring to the phenomenon that vocabulary is an integrated system interrelated in sense and can be divided into semantically related sets or fields. Words in each semantic field define one another, so a meaning of a word is dependent partly on its relation to other words
22、 in the same conceptual area. Semantic field is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as a system of interrelated lexical networks.【试题解析】 (考查语义场理论的定义)22 【正确答案】 It is also called full sentence type in English. It means the most common and most typical sentence types in a language. For example,
23、in English, the sentence type that has a subject, a predicate, an object and all these constituents being organized in a certain order is a favorite sentence type, such as “John opened the door just now“.【试题解析】 (考查常用句型的定义)23 【正确答案】 If two sounds occurring in the same environment do not contrast, tha
24、t is, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word form, but merely a different pronunciation of the same word, then the two sounds are in free variation.【试题解析】 (考查自由变异的定义)24 【正确答案】 This hypothesis suggests that our language helps mould our view of the world. The hypothesi
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