1、2015 年西安外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 Home schooling is gradually becoming popular in China nowadays. Some parents, who dont agree with current education in full-time schools, send their children to private tutors who give classes about Four Books, Five Classics, Four Arts, English, math, etc.2 The Ice
2、Bucket Challenge is an activity involving dumping a bucket of ice water on someones head to promote awareness of the disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and encourage donations to research.3 Almost 46, 000 homes in Switzerland are empty, a 14 percent increase over last year, as the national ho
3、using vacancy rate rose to more than one percent, new government figures show.4 The 7th reform plan for Chinas salt industry calls for an end of Chinas salt monopoly starting in 2016.5 China says many teenagers are Internet addicts. It says they have grown dependent on the Internet. Some critics eve
4、n call the Internet “electronic heroin. “6 On Wednesday, in immediate response to the deadly disease, President Barack Obama asked for $1. 5 billion in emergency back-up money.7 The debt ceiling is a legal limit on the amount of money the federal government of the United States can borrow.8 Carpooli
5、ng is seen as a more environmentally friendly and sustainable way to travel as sharing journeys reduces carbon emissions and the need for parking spaces.9 Technology that could lead to the creation of glasses-free 3D films at cinemas has been developed by researchers in South Korea.10 Members of Pen
6、nsylvanias House of Representatives and many of their employees are no longer allowed to accept cash gifts except from family and close friends.11 Three-D printers are used to make everything from automobile parts to bone replacements for human patients. American research scientists are now working
7、on creating replacements for living tissue.12 One method of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks which are barriers formed by trees and other plants.13 The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees is mandated to lead a coordinated international action to protect refugees and
8、 resolve refugee problems worldwide.14 China and Australia on Monday signed a declaration of intent on practically concluding bilateral negotiations on a free trade agreement(FTA) .15 The way the taxi-hailing apps work is by letting potential passengers put their location information into the app, w
9、hich is then sent to yellow cabs. The first taxi to arrive on the scene gets to pick up the consumer.汉译英16 中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第四次全体会议于 20 日至 23 日在北京召开，研究全面推进依法治国问题。17 亚洲最大规模的专业旅游交易会一一2014 中国国际旅游交易会于 11月 14 日到 16 日举行。18 国内电子商务巨头天猫推出“先试后买”服务，买家直接下单，不用付款，收到物品后先试用体验，合适了再进行付款。19 据中国地震台网正式测定，16 时 55 分，四川省甘孜藏族自
10、治州康定县发生 63 级地震，震源深度 18 千米。20 博鳌亚洲论坛金融合作会议是为促进亚洲各国之间，以及亚洲与其他地区之间金融合作而设立的一个专题性系列年会。21 埃博拉 是一种十分罕见的病毒， 1976 年在苏丹南部和刚果(金)埃博拉河地区发现后，引起医学界的广泛关注和重视。22 国家助学贷款是由政府主导、财政贴息、财政和高校共同给予银行一定风险补偿金，银行、教育行政部门与高校共同操作的专门帮助高校贫困家庭学生的银行贷款。23 中央人才工作协调小组的官方数据表明，虽然中国目前拥有最大的劳动力市场，但同时也在经历比任何国家都严重的人才流失。24 为加强海内外炎黄子孙的文化交流和联系，中国将
11、于今年十二月八日到十八日在北京和深圳两地同时举办“华夏艺术节”。25 创新型政府 的主要特征，就是政府部门将创造性的改革作为提高行政效率、改善服务质量、增进公共利益的基本手段。26 亚洲基础设施投资银行是一个政府间性质的亚洲区域多边开发机构，重点支持基础设施建设，总部设在北京。27 以房养老 ，也被称为 “住房反向抵押贷款 ”，是指老人将自己的产权房抵押出去，以定期取得一定数额养老金或者接受老年公寓服务的一种养老方式。28 为更好地坚持计划生育的基本国策，加强医疗卫生工作，深化医药卫生体制改革，国务院决定组建国家卫生和计划生育委员会。29 被禁 14 年的一次性发泡餐具被允许重新上市，引发环保
12、组织和专家的质疑。30 亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议是亚太经合组织(APEC)最高级别的会议。会议形成的领导人宣言是指导亚太经合组织各项工作的重要纲领性文件。英译汉31 Growth prospects among large developing countries and economies in transition are mixed. Growth in Brazil has been hampered by weak external demand, volatility in international capital flows and tightening monetary
13、policy, but growth is expected to rebound to 3 per cent in 2014. A slowdown in China has been stabilized and growth is expected to maintain at a pace of about 7. 5 per cent in the next few years. India experienced its lowest growth in two decades, along with large current account and government budg
14、et deficits plus high inflation, but growth is forecast to improve to above 5 per cent in 2014. In the Russian Federation growth weakened further in 2013, as industrial output and investment faltered, and is expected to recover modestly to 2. 9 per cent in 2014.Among developing regions, growth prosp
15、ects in Africa remain relatively robust. After an estimated growth of 4. 0 per cent in 2013 , GDP is projected to expand by 4. 7 per cent in 2014. The report emphasized the dependence of Africas growth on investment in infrastructure, trade and investment ties with emerging economies, and improvemen
16、ts in economic governance and management.(186 words)32 Most of us are concerned about the lack of privacy online, but were not sure what we can do about it. Nine in 10 Americans believe they have no control over their personal information, how it is collected and how it is used by companies, accordi
17、ng to a new Pew Research Center survey. And theyre more concerned about corporate America than the government. Of those who use social networking siteslike Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn80% said theyre concerned about businesses and advertisers accessing their information. Fewer70% said theyre conc
18、erned about the feds doing the same. The survey is part of a series testing public perception in the wake of the NSA leaker Edward Snowdens revelations about government surveillance.The survey appears to show frustration. While 61% of respondents told Pew they “would like to do more“ to be anonymous
19、 online, only 24% said it is “easy“ to do so. Also, 88% of respondents said it is difficult to delete inaccurate information about themselves once it gets on the Internet. Most respondents said old-fashioned communicationa landline phoneis the most secure way to contact people.(193 words)汉译英33 中国文学海
20、外传播工程由中国文化走出去协同创新中心和美国俄克拉荷马大学合作实施，计划在三年内出版 10 卷本当代中国文学英译丛书；在美国创办今日中国文学英文学术期刊，刊发当下中国优秀文学作品，介绍当代中国优秀作家，增强中国文学的国际影响力；在北京举办“中国文学海外传播” 国际学术研讨会。目前，该工程已投入建设经费 800 余万元。(160 words)34 首先我代表中国政府和人民，代表我的夫人，也以我个人的名义对各位贵宾的到来表示热烈的欢迎!这几天我每天早晨起来以后的第一件事，就是看看北京空气质量如何，希望雾霾小一些，以便让各位远方的客人到北京时感觉舒适一点。好在是人努力天帮忙啊，这几天北京空气质量总体
21、好多了，不过我也担心我这个话说早了，但愿明天的天气也还好。这几天北京空气质量好，是我们有关地方和部门共同努力的结果，来之不易。我要感谢各位，也感谢这次会议，让我们下了更大的决心，来保护生态环境，有利于我们今后把生态环境保护工作做得更好。也有人说，现在北京的蓝天是APEC 蓝，美好而短暂，过了这一阵就没了，我希望并相信通过不懈的努力，APEC 蓝能够保持下去。我们正在全力进行污染治理，力度之大，前所未有，我希望北京乃至全中国都能够蓝天常在，青山常在，绿水常在，让孩子们都生活在良好的生态环境之中，这也是中国梦中很重要的内容。(381 words)2015 年西安外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与
22、解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 在家教育2 【正确答案】 冰桶挑战3 【正确答案】 房屋空置率4 【正确答案】 食盐专营5 【正确答案】 上网成瘾者6 【正确答案】 紧急备用金7 【正确答案】 债务上限8 【正确答案】 拼车9 【正确答案】 裸眼 3D 电影10 【正确答案】 接收礼金11 【正确答案】 活体组织12 【正确答案】 防风林13 【正确答案】 联合国难民事务高级专员办事处14 【正确答案】 自由贸易协定15 【正确答案】 叫车软件汉译英16 【正确答案】 rule of law17 【正确答案】 2014 China International Travel Mart(CITM)18
23、 【正确答案】 try before you buy19 【正确答案】 China Earthquake Networks Center(CENC)20 【正确答案】 Boao Forum for Asia21 【正确答案】 Ebola22 【正确答案】 state-subscribed student loan23 【正确答案】 brain drain24 【正确答案】 Huaxia Art Festival25 【正确答案】 innovation-oriented government26 【正确答案】 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank(AIIB)2
24、7 【正确答案】 house-for-pension program28 【正确答案】 National Health and Family Planning Commission29 【正确答案】 disposable dinnerware made of plastic foam30 【正确答案】 the APEC Economic Leaders Meeting英译汉31 【正确答案】 发展中大国和转型经济体的发展前景良莠不齐。受外需疲软、国际资本流波动及货币政策紧缩影响，巴西的经济增长受阻。不过，预计到 2014年，其经济增长率将回归到 3。中国经济增长放缓趋势已恢复平稳，未来几年经济
25、增长率预计维持在 75左右。20 年来，印度经济遭遇最缓慢的增长期，其经常项目及政府财政均出现巨大赤字，通货膨胀严重。然而，其经济增长预计在2014 年突破 5。随着工业产出和投资疲软，俄罗斯联邦 2013 年经济增长进一步放缓。预计到 2014 年，其经济增长率将适度恢复至 29。在发展中国家和地区中，非洲的前景相对稳健，2013 年其经济增长率预计可达40；到 2014 年，其国内生产总值预计将提升 47。报告强调，非洲经济增长依赖基础设施投资、与新兴经济体的贸易投资关系，以及经济治理与管理的改善。32 【正确答案】 大多数人都很关心网络世界缺少隐私这一问题，但我们并不知道针对这件事自己能
26、够做些什么。皮尤研究中心的一项新调查显示，90的美国人认为，自己的私人信息并不受自己掌控，也无法控制公司采集和使用这些信息的途径。在这一问题上，相较于政府，他们更关心美国企业的行为。使用脸谱网、推特和邻客音等社交网站的人群中，80的人表示担心商业机构和广告方获取他们的私人信息。而仅有 70的人表示了对从事相同活动的联邦政府人员的担忧。美国安全局泄密者爱德华? 斯诺登透露政府监控后，皮尤研究中心随即进行了一系列测验公共认知的调查，该调查便是其中一部分。调查结果似乎展现出了人们的受挫感。虽然 61的受访者称，他们“想要做更多的工作”来实现网络匿名，然而仅有 24的受访者表示，这项工作“ 容易”实现
27、。还有 88的受访者称，一旦自己的错误信息出现在互联网上，想要删除非常困难。多数受访者表示，固定电话这一传统交流工具是联系他人最安全的方式。汉译英33 【正确答案】 “Disseminating Chinese Literature Overseas“ is implanted by joint efforts from the Coordination and Innovation Center of Chinese Culture Going Global and the US University of Oklahoma. The program plans to publish the
28、 English version of Contemporary Chinese Literature in 10 volumes within 3 years. It also plans to establish in America the English academic journal Chinese Literature Today, introducing outstanding current Chinese literature works and prominent contemporary Chinese writers, so as to enhance the int
29、ernational influence of Chinese literature. The international academic seminar “Disseminating Chinese Literature Overseas“ is expected to be held in Beijing. So far, over 8 million yuan RMB has been invested in the program.34 【正确答案】 On behalf of the Chinese government and people, on behalf of my wif
30、e and in my own name, I would like to extend a very warm welcome to every one of you, my distinguished guests!These days, the first thing I do in the morning is to check the air quality in Beijing, hoping that the smog wont be too bad, so that our distinguished guests will be more comfortable while
31、youre here. Fortunately with the efforts of our people and the cooperation of the weather, air quality in Beijing in the recent couple of days is much better than before. Well, this may be a premature conclusion, but I do hope and pray the weather tomorrow will turn out just fine! The improved air q
32、uality, which is not easy to secure, is the result of the combined efforts of nearby provinces and cities and relevant government agencies. Here I want to say “ thank you“ to all those who have helped to make it a reality. And I want to thank the APEC meeting for prompting us to be even more determi
33、ned to protect the environment. We will do a better job at protecting the environment in the future. Some people call the clear Beijing sky these days “ the APEC blue“ and say it is beautiful but temporary, and it will be gone soon after the APEC meeting. I hope and believe that, with persistent eff
34、orts, the APEC blue will be here to stay.My government is making an unprecedented, all-out effort to clean up pollution. My hope is that every day we will see a blue sky, green mountains and clear rivers not just in Beijing, but all across China, so that our children will live in an enjoyable environment. This is a very important part of the Chinese Dream.
