1、MBA（英语）翻译练习试卷 18 及答案与解析一、Section IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.1 The remarkable progress of science and technology in the 20th century has brought enormous benefits to humankind
2、. Long and healthy lives, economic prosperity and a pleasant and convenient living environment have resulted from technological progress based on advances in scientific knowledge. This progress will continue or may even accelerate in the future, because both the number of scientists and their activi
3、ties are expanding throughout the world; we may expect, therefore, that science and technology will continue to contribute to the development of human society. At the same time, rapid scientific advances may raise some difficult problems. First of all, the disparity in scientific knowledge between t
4、hose in scientific and technical professions and those in other areas will continuously expand. This may create a communications gap between the two groups that could affect obtaining public consent on important issues, such as the use of genetically engineered plants or human embryonic stem cells.
5、Secondly, the 21st century will be characterized by a knowledge- based society and a knowledge of science will be required for many professions. Those who lack scientific knowledge will have fewer opportunities for good jobs. Thirdly, the enormous increase in scientific information will become a bur
6、den for children who must study science. Already young people seem to be losing interest in science, and this trend may increase in the future. Over the past several years, enrollment in high-school physics courses in Japan has been decreasing, which suggests that many young people are losing intere
7、st in physics or avoiding subjects that require diligent study. Finally, scientific research in the next century will require increasing levels of public investment because sophisticated research is usually expensive; if the public loses interest in science or does not understand the importance of r
8、esearch, it will become difficult for scientists to obtain sufficient financial support.2 It is a well-known fact that there are constant conflicts among different groups of people, and that people tend to blame their misfortunes on some outside other groups for their misfortunes. What are the cause
9、s of group prejudice? There seems to be little doubt that one of the principal causes of prejudice is fear: in particular the fear that the interests of our own group are going to be endangered by the actions of another. This is less likely to be the case in a stable, relatively unchanging society i
10、n which the .members of different social and occupational groups know what to expect of each other, and know what to expect for themselves. In times of rapid social and economic change, however, new occupations and new social roles appear, and people start looking jealously at eachother to see wheth
11、er their own group is being left behind. Once prejudice develops, it is hard to stop, because there are often social forces at work which actively encourage unfounded attitudes of hostility and fear towards other groups. One such force is education: we all know that children can be taught history in
12、 such a way as to perpetuate old hatreds and old prejudices between racial and political groups. Another social influence that has to be reckoned with is the pressure of public opinion. People often think and act differently in groups from the way that they would do as individuals; it takes a consid
13、erable effort of will, and often calls for great courage, to stand out against ones fellows and insist they are wrong.MBA（英语）翻译练习试卷 18 答案与解析一、Section IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET
14、 2.1 【正确答案】 20 世纪科技的显著进步给人类带来了巨大的好处。人们的身体健康，寿命延长，经济繁荣，生活环境舒适、便利，所有这一切都是技术的进步带来的，而这些进步则是以科学知识的发展为基础的。这种进步还将继续，或者进步的速度在将来甚至还会加快，因为科学家的人数在扩大，他们从事的科学活动遍布全世界；因此，我们可以认为，科技将继续为人类的发展作出贡献。同时，科学的迅速发展也可能引发一些问题。首先，存在于科技行业和其他领域的知识的差别将不断扩大。这可能会在这两个领域间形成交流分歧，而这一分歧可能影响公众对一些重要事务的共识，比如，转基因工程植物或人类胚胎干细胞等技术。其次，21 世纪社会的特
15、征是社会以知识为基础，许多行业都将要求掌握科学知识。那些缺乏科学知识的人找到满意工作的机会会更少。再者，科学信息的迅猛增长将成为那些必须学习科学知识的孩子的一种负担。年轻人似乎已经对科学失去兴趣，这种趋势将来还会增强。过去几年，日本中学生选修物理学的人数一直在减少，这表明：许多年轻人正在失去对物理学的兴趣，或是正在逃避那些要求勤奋学习的科目。最后，下个世纪的科学研究将要求公众不断增加投资，因为尖端的研究通常耗资巨大；如果公众失去对科学的兴趣，或不理解研究的重要性，科学家将很难得到足够的财政资助.【知识模块】 英译汉2 【正确答案】 众所周知，不同群体之间的人们会不断发生冲突，人们往往把自己遭受
16、不幸的责任归咎于其他群体。产生群体偏见的原因是什么呢?人们似乎并不怀疑，产生偏见的一个主要原因是恐惧，尤其担心自己群体的利益将受到另一群体的威胁。在一个稳定的、相对不变的社会，不可能存在这种担心在这个社会，不同的社会以及职业群体的成员知道彼此期望干什么，知道自己期望什么。然而，在社会和经济变化迅速的时代，就产生了新职业，出现了新的社会角色，人们开始相互猜疑，以便弄清自己的群体是否落后于其他群体。 一旦偏见产生了，就很难阻止其发展，因为有社会影响力经常在起作用这些影响力会积极助长对其他群体没有理由的敌意和恐惧态度。其中的一种影响力就是教育：我们都知道，可以用偏见的方式教孩子们历史，从而使种族和政治群体之间的旧仇恨、旧偏见永久化。另一种不得不重视的社会影响力就是来自公众舆论的压力。人们的群体思维和行为方式与个体不一样；如果群体坚决反对某个同胞，而这个人还要坚持已见，这需要极强的意志力，也需要极大的勇气。【知识模块】 英译汉
