1、MBA（英语）阅读理解练习试卷 12 及答案与解析一、Section III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.0 Modern liberal opinion is sensitive to problems of restriction of freedom and abuse of pow
2、er. Indeed, many hold that a man can be injured only by violating his will, but this view is much too narrow. It fails to recognize the great dangers we shall face in the uses of biomedical technology that stems from an excess of freedom, from the unrestrained exercise of will. In my view, our great
3、est problems will be voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization, as the unintended yet often inescapable consequence of sternly and successfully pursuing our humanization goals. Certain desires and perfected medical technologies have already had some dehumanizing consequences. Improved me
4、thods of resuscitation (复活) have made possible heroic efforts to “save“ the severely ill and injured. Yet these efforts are sometimes only partly successful; they succeed in rescuing individuals but these individuals may have severe brain damage and be capable of only a less-than-human, vegetating e
5、xistence. Such patients found with increasing frequency in the intensive care units of university hospitals, have been denied a death with dignity. Families are forced to suffer seeing their loved ones so reduced and are made to bear the burden of a prolonged “death watch“. Even the ordinary methods
6、 of treating disease and prolonging life have changed the context in which men die. Fewer and fewer people die in the familiar surroundings of home or in the company of family and friends. At that time of life when there is perhaps the greatest need for human warmth and comfort, the dying patient is
7、 kept company by cardiac (心脏的) pacemakers and defibrillators, respirators, aspirators, oxygenators, catheters (导尿管 ) and his intravenous (静脉的) drip. Ties to the community of men are replaced by attachments to an assemblage of machines. This loneliness, however, is not confined to the dying patient i
8、n the hospital bed. Consider the increasing number of old people still alive thanks to medical progress; as a group, the elderly are the most alienated members of our society, not yet ready for the world of the dead, not deemed fit for the world of the living, they are shunted aside. More and more o
9、f them spend the extra years medicine has given them in “homes for senior citizens“, in hospitals for chronic diseases, and in nursing homes-waiting for the end. We have learned how to increase their years, but we have not learned how to help them enjoy their days; yet we continue to bravely and ste
10、rnly push back the frontiers against death. A prevent patients from dying honourably. B the ending life lonely in nursing homes. C originates from an excess of freedom and free exercise of will. D connections to the community of men. E are shunted aside and ignored. F by improved medical methods and
11、 equipment. G in the familiar surroundings of family and friends.1 The emergence of biomedical technology _ 2 The severely ill and injured can be rescued _ 3 A prolonged death in university hospitals tends to _ 4 People should be allowed to die _ 5 More and more old people spend _ 5 Social anxiety,
12、in its many forms, is epidemic. About 40 percent of Americans think of themselves as shy, while only 20 percent say they have never suffered from shyness at some point in their lives. Shyness occurs when a persons apprehensions are so great that they inhibit his making an expected or desired social
13、response; symptoms of shyness can be as minor as failing to make eye contact when speaking to someone, or as major as avoiding conversations whenever possible. “Shy people tend to be too preoccupied with themselves,“ said Jonathan Cheek, a psychologist at Boston College who is one of those at the fo
14、refront of current research on the topic. “For example, for a smooth conversation, you need to pay attention to the other persons cues-what he is saying and doing. But the shy person is full of worries about how he seems to the other persons, and so he often misses cues he should pick up; the result
15、 is an awkward lag in the conversation. Shy people need to stop focusing on themselves and switch their attention to the other persons.“ Nevertheless, shy people by and large have better social abilities than they think they do. When Dr, Cheek videotaped shy people talking to strangers, and then had
16、 raters evaluate how socially skilled the people were, he found that, in the eyes of other people, the shy group had few obvious problems. But when he asked the shy people themselves how they had done, they were unanimous in saying that they had been social flops. Shy people are their own worst crit
17、ics and in general they feel they are being judged more positively than they actually are, they always overestimate how obvious their social anxiety is to others. Not all self-consciousness leads to social anxiety, in the view of Arnold Buss, one of the first psychologists to study the phenomenon. T
18、he garden-variety of self-consciousness, Dr. Buss has written, is simply an introspective awareness of ones thoughts and feelings. What he calls “public self-consciousness,“ on the other hand, is a powerful perception of oneself as the object of social scrutiny. The latter is the root of social anxi
19、ety. Social anxiety generally creates three different kinds of problems, which can occur separately or in tandem. For some people, their social anxiety is primarily cognitive: they suffer from repetitive thoughts expressing their fear of making a poor impression, such as “He must think Im an idiot,“
20、 or “I cant think of anything to say.“ Other people, though, experience their social anxiety almost entirely through physiological symptoms, such as blushing, a pounding heart, or sweating in social situation. In either case, these symptoms lead to a set of behavioral ones: for example, not being ab
21、le to speak although one wants to, or a general social awkwardness. A the fear of making a bad impression is frequently shown. B shyness appears. C the root cause of social anxiety. D how a person perceives himself as the object of social scrutiny. E they had been social losers. F body symptoms, lik
22、e sweating in social situation. G that he often ignores cues he should pick up.6 When a persons anxieties stop his expected or desired social reactions, _ 7 A shy person worries so much about his image _ 8 “Public self-consciousness“ refers to _ 9 For those people with cognitive anxiety, _ 10 Social
23、 anxiety can be expressed through _ MBA（英语）阅读理解练习试卷 12 答案与解析一、Section III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 题干缺谓语动词，又因为主语 emergence 是单数形式
24、，故谓语必须使用单数形式。本题源自于第一段第三句的信息。 【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 题干以动词的被动语态结束，后面一般承接状语成分，F 和 G 满足条件。从第二段第二句可知，“医疗技术”的改进是挽救病人的手段。 【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 从题干的结构来看，tend to 后接动词原型。本题源自于第二段最后两句的信息。 【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 G【试题解析】 题干的句法特征告诉我们，die 后面可以承接状语成分。本题源自于第三段第二句的信息。 【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 从最后一段的第三句可以
25、看出，现在老人们往往在医院或者养老院中度过晚年，十分孤独。 【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 从题干的结构看，必须填补一个完整的句子信息，则 A，B ，E 三个选项满足条件。从第一段第二句的信息来看，B 能够补足原句的信息。 【知识模块】 阅读理解7 【正确答案】 G【试题解析】 题干有一个 sothat 的结构。本题源自于第二段第三句的信息。 【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 分析题干可知，介词 to 后接名词结构或者从句结构。本题源自于第五段第三句的信息。 【知识模块】 阅读理解9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干需要补充一个完整的句子。题源在最后一段第二句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解10 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 分析表明，填充部分缺少名词成分。题源在最后一段第三句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
