1、考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷 12 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 In the past 35 years, hundreds of millions of Chinese have found productive, if often exhausting, work in the countrys growing cities. This extraordinar
2、y mobilization of labour is the biggest economic event of the past half-century. The world has seen nothing on such scale before. Will it see anything like it again? The answer lies across the Himalayas in India.India is an ancient civilization but a youthful country. Its working-age population is r
3、ising by about 12m people a year, even as Chinas shrank last year by 3m. Within a decade India will have the biggest potential workforce in the world.Optimists look forward to a bumper “demographic dividend“ , the result of more workers per dependant and more saving out of income. This combination a
4、ccounted for perhaps a third of the East Asian miracle. India “has time on its side, literally,“ boasted one prominent politician, Kamal Nath, in a 2008 book entitled “Indias Century“.But although Indias dreamers have faith in its youth, the countrys youngest have growing reason to doubt India. The
5、economy raised aspirations that it has subsequently failed to meet. From 2005 to 2007 it grew by about 9% a year. In 2010 it even grew faster than China(if the two economies are measured consistently). But growth has since halved. Indias impressive savings rate, the other side of the demographic div
6、idend, has also slipped. Worryingly, a growing share of household saving is bypassing the financial system altogether, seeking refuge from inflation in gold, bricks and mortar.The last time a Congress-led government liberalized the economy in earnestin 1991over 40% of todays Indians had yet to be bo
7、rn. Their anxieties must seem remote to Indias elderly politicians. The average age of cabinet minister is 65. The country has never had a prime minister born in independent India. One man who might buck that trend, Rahul Gandhi, is the son, grandson and the great-grandson of former prime ministers.
8、 India is run by gerontocrats(老年统治者)and epigones(子孙): grey hairs and groomed heirs. The apparent indifference of the police to the way young women in particular are treated has underlined the way that old India fails to protect new India.1 China is mentioned in order to_.（A）show its scale of labour
9、force（B） highlight its economic growth（C） introduce the topic of India（D）stress the importance of labour2 Which is true according to Paragraph 2?（A）Indias working-age population has shrunk.（B） Chinas working-age population has been rising.（C） India is now the biggest potential workforce in the world
10、.（D）India is an ancient country but a young one in the modern world.3 Which one can best describe Kamal Nath towards Indias future?（A）Confident.（B） Worried.（C） Doubtful.（D）Negative.4 The fourth paragraph shows us that_.（A）India has reached its economic target（B） Indias economic growth has halved aft
11、er 2010（C） Indians have become doubtful about their country（D）Indias savings rate has increased from 2005 to 20075 The underlined phrase “grey hairs and groomed heirs“(Para 5, Line 5)means_.（A）old men and young women（B） elderly rulers and their descendants（C） prime ministers and their successors（D）p
12、rime ministers and their grandsons5 Its a safe bet that David Joyce knows more than you did when you were his birth age. Thats not hard, since what you knew back then was pretty much nothing at all. You knew warmth, you knew darkness, you knew a sublime, drifting peace. You had been conceived 29 wee
13、ks earlier, and if you were like most people, you had 11 weeks to go before you reached your fully formed 40. It was only then that youd emerge into the storm of stimuli that is the world.No such luck for David. He was born on Jan. 28well shy of his April 16 due datein an e-mergency cesarean(剖腹产的)se
14、ction after his mother had begun bleeding heavily. He weighed 2 lb. 11 oz. , or 1,200g, and was just 15 in.(38cm)tall. An American Girl doll is 3 in.(8cm)taller. Immediately, he began learning a lot of thingsabout bright lights and cold hands, needle sticks and loud noises. He learned what it feels
15、like to be hungry, to be frightened, to be unable to breathe.What all this meant was that if David wanted to stay alive, hed have to work hard at it, and he was. Take drinking from a bottlewhich he had never tried until a morning in late March, at the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)of the Childre
16、ns Hospital of Wisconsin in Milwaukee. David had spent every day of his then seven-week life there, in the company of 58 other very fragile babies being looked after by a round-the-clock SWAT team of nearly 300 nutritionists, pharmacologists, pulmonary specialists, surgeons, nurses and dietitians an
17、d, for when the need arises, a pair of chaplains.Under their care, he had grown to 18. lin.(46cm)and weighed 51b. 11.5 oz.(2594g), nourished by breast milk from his mother, which was fed to him through a nasogastric tube(鼻胃管)threaded through his nose to his stomach. Davids father and mother live 90
18、minutes away in Randolph, Wis. They had been at the hospital every day after work for 51 days straight at that pointa three-hour round-tripto spend a few more hours with David.6 We know from the text that_.（A）David was born 11 weeks earlier than common babies（B） David came to the world when he reach
19、ed 40 weeks old（C） David was born in a peaceful environment like common babies（D）most people bet that David would not survive after he was born7 What can we infer from the second paragraph?（A）David was lighter and shorter than common babies when he was bom.（B） David was just a little taller than an
20、American Girl doll.（C） David began learning using needles at his early age.（D）David never feels frightened in the hospital.8 David had stayed at NICU where_.（A）he was being taken care of by 300 nurses（B） hundreds of other weak babies were there（C） he was being looked after well by experts（D）he had b
21、een recovering better than others9 What can be learned from the last paragraph?（A）Food and liquid were fed to David through a nasogastric tube.（B） David had grown taller and weighed heavier under the care of hospital.（C） Davids parents had to spend 90 minutes for a round-trip to see David.（D）Davids
22、parents had given up hope for they had spent too much on him.10 The text mainly discusses Davids_.（A）fragility（B） misfortune（C） luck and joy（D）struggle to live10 Thanks to the GPS, the apps on your phone have long been able to determine your general location. But what if they could do so with enough
23、 precision that a supermarket, say, could tempt you with digital coupons depending on whether you were hovering near the white bread or the bagels?It may sound far-fetched, but theres a good chance the technology is already built into your iPhone or Android device. All it takes for retailers to tap
24、into it are small, inexpensive transmitters called beacons. Heres how it works: using Bluetooth technology, handsets can pinpoint their position to within as little as 2cm by receiving signals from the beacons stores install. Apples version of the concept is called iBeacon; its in use at its own sto
25、res and is being tested by Macys, American Eagle, Safeway, the National Football League and Major League Baseball.Companies can then use your location to pelt(连续攻击)you with special offers or simply monitor your movements. But just as with GPS, they wont see you unless youve installed their apps and
26、granted them access. By melding your physical position with facts theyve already collected about you from rewards programs, brick-and-mortar businesses can finally get the potentially profitable insight into your shopping habits that online merchants now take for granted.The possibilities go beyond
27、coupons. PayPal is readying a beacon that will let consumers pay for goods without swiping a card or removing a phone from their pocket. Doug Thompson of industry site Beekn. net predicts the technology will become an everyday reality by years end. But dont look for stores or venues to call attentio
28、n to the devices. “ People wont know these beacons are there,“ he says. “Theyll just know their app has suddenly become smarter. “11 The GPS on your phone can_.（A）locate your general position（B） prevent you from being followed（C） help you decide which shop to enter（D）provide you with a safer environ
29、ment12 According to the second paragraph, which one of the following is true?（A）iBeacon has already been applied to new iPhones.（B） The technology of precise location will be remote.（C） With beacons, we can locate peoples exact position.（D）Beacons are small and cheap but hard-to-reach transmitters.1
30、3 Precise location may be used to_.（A）help police to locate criminals（B） oversee the movement of a suspect（C） collect customers personal information（D）vend special commodities to customers14 The phrase “ brick-and-mortar businesses“(Para 3, Line 4)is relative and closest to_.（A）rewards programs（B） p
31、hysical stores（C） profitable insight（D）shopping habits15 PayPal is preparing a beacon that will_.（A）change the shopping habits of consumers（B） make customers get their goods without paying（C） make consumers pay for goods more conveniently（D）become the only way that consumers pay for their goods15 It
32、s 2:45 p. m. on a Wednesday, and Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti is in the backseat of a black Chevy Tahoe thats inching its way to city hall along the 101 freeway. This stretch of the often clogged road is eight lanes, but there are so many cars on it that everyone is moving at about 30 km/h, a sin
33、gle mass of steel and glass lurching toward downtown.Just a few hours earlier, Garcetti was traveling a lot faster. To get to an event in University Cit-y, about 16 km from his office, Garcetti took the citys Red Line subway, which can reach speed of up to 110 km/ha pace L. A. s rush-hour drivers ca
34、n only dream about. Persuading more Angele-nos to take the train could go a long way toward solving one of L. A. s most intractable problems.“ We dont need people to completely give up their cars,“ he says while holding onto a pole on the Red Line. “But right now, we average 1. 1 people per car. If
35、we could get that to 1.6, the traffic problem would go away. “In L. A. , cars are a source of smog, billions of dollars in lost productivity every year and endless frustration for residents. “Every working person plans their life around traffic in this town,“ say Zev Yaro-slavsky, a Los Angeles Coun
36、ty supervisor and longtime friend of Garcettis. “ Building a transportation infrastructure is something that needs to be focused on, and Eric gets that. “ Should Garcetti, 43who was elected in May as the youngest mayor of L. A. in more than a centuryever manage to get the freeways flowing, it would
37、be a triumph. And it would only begin to cure what ails L. A.Los Angeles structural problems are daunting. The city has fewer jobs now than it did in 1990, with a regional unemployment rate that is more than 2 points higher than the national average. L. A. is also buckling under health care and pens
38、ion costs and is scaling back public services to compensate. The 20142015 budget is projected to be $ 242 million in the red. As the Los Angeles 2020 Commission, a group of business, labor and public-sector leaders charged by the city council with diagnosing the regions ills, put it in a December re
39、port, “ Los Angeles is barely treading water while the rest of the world is moving forward. “16 In the first paragraph, the descriptions are about_.（A）traffic jam（B） car accident（C） urban sprawl（D）population problem17 Garcetti took a subway instead of traveling in a car because_.（A）traveling by car
40、is out of date（B） subway is environmentally-friendly（C） taking subway is more convenient for him（D）subway is much faster than car during the rush-hour18 We know from the third paragraph that_.（A）L. A. has to focus on manufacturing more cars（B） Garcetti is the youngest mayor in L. A. s history（C） tra
41、ffic jam is one of the problems that L. A. faces（D）Garcetti has already made the highways flowing19 By saying “Los Angeles is barely treading water“ , the author means_.（A）it is flooded with water（B） its economy is stagnant（C） it has so many problems（D）its prospect is promising20 Which one would be
42、the best title of this text?（A）L. A.s Traffic Problem（B） SubwayReplacement of Car（C） L. A. s Trafficthe Worst in the U. S.（D）L. A. s Traffic Jam and Structural Problems考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷 12 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D
43、. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 文章第一段讨论了中国的劳动力问题，而在该段最后一句提到了印度，后面文章基本都在围绕印度讨论，可见文章开篇描述中国只是为了引出印度，故本题答案为选项C 。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 选项A 对应原文： India is an ancient civilization but a youthful countryIts working-age population is rising可见印度的劳动力人口是在增长，而非萎缩，故A 错误。B 项对应原文: even as Chinas shrank l
44、ast year by 3m中国的劳动力人口是萎缩了，可见选项A和B故意把原文颠倒，选项B也是错误的。选项C 对应原文： Within a decade India willhave the biggest potential workforce in the world文章提到的是 within a decade，而非选项说的 now，故错误。选项D 对应原文：India is an ancient civilization but a youthful country基本上该项和原文第一句是同义转换，故为答案。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 虽然没有体现出 attitu
45、de，think， view 等观点态度题的提示词，但本题问：对于印度的未来，以下哪项最能描述 Kamal Nath?也就是说对于印度的未来他是什么态度。通过 Kamal Nath 这一人名可以定位到第三段的最后一句：India“has time on its side，literally，”boasted one prominent politician，Kamal Nath，in a 2008 book entitled“Indias Century”其中 boasted，Indias Century这些词都体现了其对于印度未来的态度是肯定的，而选项中只有选项A“自信的”比较靠边，故为答案
46、。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 选项A 对应原文： The economy raised aspirations that it has subsequently failed tomeet其中 failed to meet 和该项的 reached its economic target 完全相反，故错误。选项B对应原文：In 2010 it even grew faster than ChinaBut growth has since halved其中对于 since 一词的理解很关键，此处的since 由于在助动词和实意动词之间，因此属于副词，在副词中它表示“后来”
47、，等于该项的 after，所以该项是正确的。 C项对应原文： the countrys youngest havegrowing reason to doubt India是印度的年轻人质疑印度，而非该项所说的印度人民，这是偷换概念，故错误。D项对应原文： Indias impressive savings rate， the other side of the demographicdividend，has also slipped其中提到储蓄率是下滑了，而非该项所说的增长，故错误。综上所述，答案为选项B。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题其实不难，但是选项C和D有一定
48、干扰，文中的“grey hairs灰白的头发”显然指的是老年人，且指的是上文的“gerontocrats 老年统治者”，而C和D两项并未提到老年人这一概念，故错误。其实该题的答案就在其前面，因为语义题要特别注意上下文所出现的同义替换。该句中 grey hairs and groomed heirs=gerontocrats and epigones=elderly rulers anddescendants虽然出现两个特别难的超纲词，但这两个超纲词在原文中都有中文注解，故降低了该题的难度，答案为选项B 。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据出题顺序和选项信
49、息定位到前两段。选项A可以从第一段结尾和第二段第一、二句得出明确答案。从第一段的“You had 11 weeks to go before you reached your fully formed40”和第二段的“He was born Jan 28well shy of his April 16 due date”这两处都可以推断出大卫比普通孩子早出生了大约 11 周，故该项表述正确。同时，通过这些信息也可以证明选项B错误。通过第二段的“he began learning a lot of thingsabout bright lights and cold hands，needlesticks and loud noise”这处信息便可以判断C项是错误的。选项 D原文没有提及，尤其是“most people bet 大多数人打赌”这处信息，故该项错误。综上
