1、考研英语模拟试卷 300 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an【1】should be made even before
2、the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually,【2】 , most people make several job choices during their working lives,【3】because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve【4】 position. The “one perfect job“ does not exist. Young people should【5】enter into a broad flexible training
3、program that will【6】them for a field of work rather than for a single【7】.Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans【8】benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing【9】about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifewor
4、k on a hit-or-miss【10】.Some drift from job to job. Others【11】 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for【12】real or imagined prestige. Too many high school students-or their parents for them-choose the professional field,【 13】
5、both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal【14】. The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “white collar“ job is【15】good reason for choosing it as lifes work.【 16】, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a lar
6、ge proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the【17】of young people should give serious【18】to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants【 19】life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige,
7、 others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to take【20】for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.（A）identification（B） entertainment（C） accommodation（D）occupation（A）however（B） therefore（C） though（D）thereby（A）entirely（B） mainly（C）
8、 partly（D）generally（A）its（B） his（C） our（D）their（A）since（B） therefore（C） furthermore（D）forever（A）make（B） fit（C） take（D）leave（A）job（B） way（C） means（D）company（A）to（B） for（C） without（D）with（A）little（B） few（C） much（D）a lot（A）chance（B） basis（C） purpose（D）opportunity（A）apply（B） appeal（C） stick（D）turn（A）our
9、（B） its（C） your（D）their（A）concerning（B） following（C） considering（D）disregarding（A）preference（B） requirements（C） tendencies（D）ambitions（A）a（B） any（C） no（D）the（A）Therefore（B） However（C） Nevertheless（D）Moreover（A）majority（B） mass（C） minority（D）multitude（A）proposal（B） suggestion（C） consideration（D）appra
10、isal（A）towards（B） against（C） out of（D）without（A）turns（B） parts（C） choices（D）risksPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all
11、the time; even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep and wake. It controls body t
12、emperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams. These natural daily events are circadian rhythms.Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year a French astronomer, Jean Jacques dOrtous de Mai
13、ran, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time.Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that mans biological clock
14、actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock.About four years ago an American doctor, Eliot Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They
15、 are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by ageing and mental illness.The laboratory is in the Montefiore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with
16、three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area. A
17、doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment. They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches, so the person in the experiment has no idea what time it is.In the first four years of research, Dr. Weitzman and his assist
18、ant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, a science reporter for “The New York Times” newspaper, Dava Sobel, became the first woman to take part in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stay
19、ed for 25 days. Miss Sobel wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the newspaper.21 We can conclude from the first paragraph that（A）every creature has an inner biological clock.（B） the biological clock works day and night.（C） the biological clock has circadian rh
20、ythms.（D）the biological clock regulates behavior of creatures. 22 In his observation, the French astronomer noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained its opening-and-closing cycles（A）even when it was put in a murky place all day.（B） even if it was placed in the moonlight.（C） even when he
21、 was observing it from a dark place.（D）even if it was kept in a dark place from time to time. 23 The sentence “They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.” (Line 2-3, Para. 4) probably means（A）they can live by their biological clocks without referring to man-made ones.（B） they ca
22、n listen to rhythms of biological clocks and live close to them.（C） they can live their lives by regulating their own circadian rhythms.（D）they are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life. 24 In the experiment conducted by Dr. Weitzman, the doctor on duty doesnt work the same time each day（A
23、）so as not to be recognized by the people.（B） so as not to indicate the time to the people when starting work.（C） so as to leave the rhythms of the people in disorder.（D）so as to observe the abnormal behavior of the people at different times. 25 The first woman who took part in the experiment（A）was
24、interviewed by “The New York Times”.（B） remained in the laboratory till June 25th.（C） published some articles on the experiment.（D）found out how the biological clock works. 25 In almost all cases the soft parts of fossils are gone for ever but they were fitted around or within the hard parts. Many o
25、f them also were attached to the hard parts and usually such attachments are visible as depressed or elevated areas, ridges or grooves, smooth or rough patches on the hard parts. The muscles most important for the activities of the animal and most evident in the appearance of the living animal are t
26、hose attached to the hard parts and possible to reconstruct from their attachments. Much can be learned about a vanished brain from the inside of the skull in which it was lodged.Restoration of the external appearance of an extinct animal has little or no scientific value. It does not even help in i
27、nferring what the activities of the living animal were, how fast it could run, what its food was, or such other conclusions as are important for the history of life. However, what most people want to know about extinct animals is what they looked like when they were alive. Scientists also would like
28、 to know. Things like fossil shells present no great problem as a rule, because the hard parts are external when the animal is alive and the outer appearance is actually preserved in the fossils.Animals in which the skeleton is internal present great problems of restoration, and honest restorers adm
29、it that they often have to use considerable guessing. The general shape and contours of the body are fixed by the skeleton and by muscles attached to the skeleton, but surface features, which may give the animal its really characteristic look, are seldom restorable with any real probability of accur
30、acy. The present often helps to interpret the past. An extinct animal presumably looked more or less like its living relatives, if it has any. This, however, may be quite equivocal. For example, extinct members of the horse family are usually restored to look somewhat like the most familiar living h
31、orses domestic horses and their closest wild relatives. It is, however, possible and even probable that many extinct horses were striped like zebras. If lions and tigers were extinct they would be restored to look exactly alike. No living elephants have much hair and mammoths, which are extinct elep
32、hants, would doubtless be restored as hairless if we did not happen to know that they had thick, woolly coats. We know this only because mammoths are so recently extinct that prehistoric men drew pictures of them and that the hide and hair have actually been found in a few specimens. For older extin
33、ct animals we have no such clues.26 According to the passage, the soft part of fossilized animals（A）can always be accurately identified.（B） have usually left some traces.（C） can usually be reconstructed.（D）have always vanished without any trace. 27 The muscles of a fossilized animal can sometimes be
34、 reconstructed because（A）they were preserved with the present relatives of the animal.（B） they were lodged inside the animals skull.（C） they were hardened parts of the animals body.（D）they were attached to the animals skeleton. 28 A fossilized animals external appearance is still reconstructed to（A）
35、satisfy popular curiosity.（B） answer scientific questions.（C） establish its activities.（D）determine its eating habits. 29 The word “equivocal” (Line 6, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to（A）equally important.（B） definable.（C） equally doubtful.（D）deliberate. 30 According to the third paragraph, which o
36、f the following is true?（A）A fossilized animals appearance is usually restored accurately.（B） It is difficult to restore some fossilized animals because they had no external parts.（C） The prehistoric elephants are hairless.（D）An extinct animal does not definitely looked like its living relatives. 30
37、 Fate has not been kind to the western grey whale. Its numbers have dwindled to 130 or so, leaving it “critically endangered” in the eyes of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Fishing-nets, speeding ships, pollution and coastal development threaten the few that remain. Most rece
38、ntly, drilling for oil and gas in their main summer feeding grounds, near Sakhalin island off Russias Pacific coast, has brought fresh risks for the luckless creatures. Yet the rush to develop Sakhalins offshore fields may yet be the saviour of the species.When drilling was first discussed in the 19
39、90s, there were muted complaints. When a consortium called Sakhalin. Energy, led by Royal Dutch Shell, announced plans to build an oil platform and lay pipelines in the only bay where the whales were known to congregate, these protests proliferated.In response, the consortium established an independ
40、ent panel to advise it on how best to protect the whales and promised to fund its work. It subsequently agreed to change the route of the pipeline at the panels suggestion, although it refused to move the platform, as other critics had demanded. It also agreed either to follow the panels recommendat
41、ions in future or to explain publicly why it was rejecting them.The platforms and pipelines are now complete. Sakhalin Energy exported its first cargo of liquefied natural gas last week. The project, says Shell, is an engineering triumph and a commercial success despite all the controversy.But has i
42、t been a success for the whales? Sakhalin Energy says their number seems to be growing by 2.5% a year, although Ian Craig, the firms boss, admits that the cause might be greater scrutiny rather than population growth. The scientists on the panel still seem worried. They complain that the firm has no
43、t always provided the information they need to assess the threat to the whales. It also has not always followed advice, the scientists advice about how noisy construction might scare the animals away, for example, or the speed that boats should travel to minimize the risk of hitting the whales. The
44、scientists warn that the loss of just a few fertile females would be enough to tip the population into irrevocable decline. Last summer, there seemed to be far fewer whales around than normal.On the other hand, the panel knows this only because Sakhalin Energy funds lots of research on the whales. A
45、s a result, it has discovered that they have a wider range than originally thought, which might explain why so few of them showed up off Sakhalin island last year.Therefore, it is hard to escape the conclusion that, for creatures with a lot as sorry as the western grey whale, a nearby oil project is
46、 something of a blessing.31 Why are Sakhalins offshore oil and gas projects regarded as risks for the western grey whale?（A）Because they instantly endanger the animals summer habitat.（B） Because drilling for oil and gas may cause new pollution to the sea.（C） Because they need more ships which are da
47、ngers to the animal.（D）Because offshore development may result in more harm. 32 To ease the protest against its projects, Sakhalin Energy（A）moved its platform from the bay where the whales congregate.（B） established a panel to be in charge of its public relationship.（C） rejected its program near Sak
48、halins offshore.（D）organized some experts to study and protect the whales. 33 Sakhalin Energy supports the panels work（A）unconditionally.（B） enthusiastically.（C） half heartedly.（D）earnestly. 34 Scientists are sure that（A）the number of the whales is rising slowly by a small percentage.（B） greater scr
49、utiny of the whale population explains the growing number.（C） the whales are in an irrevocable decline despite all their efforts.（D）the whales have other summer habitats besides Sakhalins offshore. 35 An appropriate title for the passage is most likely to be（A）More Efforts Needed to Protect the Endangered Whales.（B） The Environmental Risks and Rewards of Offshore Oil.（C） The Already Endangered Whales Still in Danger.（D）More Offshore Oil Projects, More Chances for Whales. 35 “Two centuries ago, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark left St. Lois to explore the new
