1、考研英语模拟试卷 344 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire,
2、although nobody knows exactly when people acquired the use of (1)_.The (2)_ of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually. Animals have a few cries that serve (3)_ signals, (4)_ even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words (5)_ with the most intensive professiona
3、l instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently (6)_ for the mastering of speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent, we must suppose that he (7)_ the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great clay (8)_ he discovered that speed could be used for narrative. There are those w
4、ho think that (9)_ picture language preceded oral language. A man (10)_ a picture on the wall of his cave to show (11)_ direction he had gone, or (12)_ prey he hoped to catch. Probably picture language and oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language (13)_ the most impo
5、rtant single factor in the development of man.Two important stages came not (14)_ before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture was (15)_ in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable (16)_ our own machi
6、ne age. Agriculture made possible (17)_ immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practised. (18)_ were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil (19)_ each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral noma
7、ds, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end (20)_ the physical comforts it provided.（A）the latter（B） the later（C） the second（D）the latest（A）source（B） resource（C） invention（D）origin（A）like（B） with（C） as（D）by（A）and（B） but（C） moreover（D）for（A）even if（B） even（C） even though（D）even as（A）a n
8、ecessity（B） necessities（C） necessarily（D）necessity（A）should gradually increase（B） gradually increase（C） gradually increased（D）has gradually increased（A）that（B） at which（C） which（D）when（A）with the respect（B） on this respect（C） in this respect（D）at this respect（A）could draw（B） should draw（C） must draw
9、（D）was drawing（A）at which（B） in which（C） on which（D）with which（A）of which（B） that（C） which（D）what（A）is（B） was（C） has been（D）is being（A）too long（B） such long（C） as long（D）since long（A）a stage（B） a walk（C） a development（D）a way（A）until（B） with（C） for（D）to（A）the（B） an（C） that（D）a（A）Those（B） These（C） Th
10、ere（D）They（A）after（B） with（C） before（D）at（A）since（B） for（C） because（D）because ofPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 Henry Kissinger may be the most successful, certainly the most flamboyant, Secretary of State
11、to hold that office in modern times. When he was appointed in the late 1960s, there were no American ties with Communist China, Vietnam and Berlin seemed ready to draw the United States into a third world war, and Russia was seen as “the enemy“.But all this has changed, and Henry Kissinger caused mu
12、ch of the change; in 1971, he made his first trip to China, a trip that was the beginning of the current ties between the United States and China. He brought the United States and Russia closer together on major issues by the policy he called “detente“, literally meaning a relaxation. His philosophy
13、 was always to talk and to bring together. With these two policies, Kissinger did much to draw attention away from any possible Russia-American friction.In 1973 he made his first visit to Egypt. Here he was able to begin U.S. relations with Egypt. He used his contact later to begin the sort of talks
14、 that the American press called “shuttle diplomacy“. For ninety-nine days, he “shuttled“ back and forth on flights between Cairo and Jerusalem to work out a step-by-step withdrawal of Israeli troops from the Sinai desert. His wit, his careful approach to detail, and his presence made “shuttle diplom
15、acy“ work. It was the only successful approach to Mid-east peace in the thirty years since the state of Israel was founded.Another major work was the Strategic Arms Limitation Talk. Though his term in office passed with the treaty unsigned, Kissinger left a draft of the treaty to which the Russians
16、had already agreed. The SALT treaty spelled out a one-tenth reduction in nuclear arms, a major accomplishment by any standard, even if one does not consider all the other conditions and limitations included in the treaty.Even though he successfully helped bring an end to the Vietnam War, Kissingers
17、final days in office were affected, as was the entire executive branch in one way or another, by the scandals of the Nixon White House. Kissingers critics point to his role in placing wiretaps on the phones of reporters and officials and to what they consider his “high-handed“ approach to setting fo
18、reign policy. But Kissinger, during the last few months of the Nixon presidency, limited the effects of American domestic problems on our foreign policy. He continued talks in the Middle East. He continued close contact with the Soviet Union.History will decide in the final view, as Kissingerand man
19、y presidentsoften said, on the value of his service. Whatever they decide, whether his actions are finally to be considered wise or foolish, he had a personal vision that will be difficult to match.Notes: work out 制定。spell out 清楚地说明。wiretap 窃听(电话)。scandal 丑闻。21 According to the context, the word “fl
20、amboyant“ most likely means _.（A）notorious.（B） ambiguous.（C） showy.（D）arbitrary.22 It can be inferred from the last paragraph of the text that _.（A）shuttle diplomacy seriously affected the SALT treaty.（B） Watergate scandals made Kissinger ineffective.（C） some of the things Kissinger initiated are st
21、ill being worked out.（D）Kissinger is an outstanding politician but unable to cope with domestic affairs.23 The text does not directly say, but implies that Kissinger _.（A）suffered a series of defeats while being in office.（B） significantly altered the direction of international relationships.（C） was
22、 unsuccessful in bringing about peace in the Middle East.（D）played a more important role than the president during the Nixon administration.24 The main idea of the text is that _.（A）Kissinger helped smooth over many conflicts in the world.（B） as the Secretary of State, Kissinger was very influential
23、 in American foreign policy.（C） a lot of international conflicts would not have been resolved without Kissingers effort.（D）Kissinger did much to end the cold war with the Communist World.25 The authors tone in the text may best be summarized as that of _.（A）objectivity.（B） suspicion.（C） sympathy.（D）
24、admiration.25 Rugby is a fast, rough game that is played throughout the British Isles. The game split off from British football in the mid-19 th century when the Football Association forbade players to handle the ball. There are two codes of Rugby football, Rugby Union and Rugby League, which have s
25、lightly different rules and scoring systems. In Rugby League each team has 13 players compared with 15.in Rugby Union. Players sometimes change from one code to the other during their careers.In Rugby teams try to win possession of a large oval-shaped ball and carry or kick it towards the opposing t
26、eams goal line, the line at each end of the pitch where the H-shaped goalposts are. If the ball is touched down, on the grass beyond the touchline a try, which worth five points in Rugby Union and four in Rugby League, is scored. A further two points are scored if the try is converted, meaning kicke
27、d between the goalposts, above the horizontal crossbar. Points can also be obtained from penalty goals scored as a result of free kicks, and from drop goals. Players try to stop opponents carrying and passing the ball by tackling them. When a minor rule is broken players restart play by forming a sc
28、rum, lining together in a group, or by taking a free kick.Rugby Union, also called rugger, is the older for the two codes. It is said to have begun at Rugby School in 1823. It has always had strong upper-class and middle-class associations, except in Wales, and is the main winter sport of most Engli
29、sh public schools. It is played mainly by men, though there are now some womens teams. Rugby League broke away from Rugby Union in the 1890s. Rugby had become popular among working-class people in northern England and many could not afford to take time off work to play in matches without being paid.
30、 The Northern Union, later called Rugby League, was formed in 1895 and soon had many full-time paid professional players. The two codes may reunite in the future. In 1995 the International Rugby Board allowed Rugby Union players to become paid professionals.26 Which of the following word is suitable
31、 to describe the sport rugby?（A）Calm.（B） Graceful.（C） Fierce.（D）Slow.27 How many points will a Rugby Union player get if the try is converted?（A）2 points.（B） 4 points.（C） 5 points.（D）7 points.28 What are the shapes of the goalposts?（A）Two vertical posts stand together like the number 11.（B） One vert
32、ical post stands like the number 1.（C） Two vertical posts with one horizontal post connecting the two like the letter H.（D）One vertical post with two horizontal posts attached like the letter F.29 According to the reading, which of the following is correct about Rugby?（A）Rugby used to be a game for
33、non-working class people.（B） There are many womens teams now.（C） Rugby had become popular among working class people in 1823.（D）Rugby is the main summer sport for public school children.30 What might happen to the two codes in the future?（A）Nothing will happen to them.（B） There might be another code
34、 break off from the two.（C） They might reunite together.（D）They might change the rules and scoring system from womens teams.31 Here in the U.S. a project of moving the government a few hundred miles to the southwest proceeds apace, under the supervision of Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia. Apart
35、 from the usual highways and parks, Byrd has taken a special interest in transplanting pieces of federal agencies from metropolitan Washington to his home state.Strangely, Byrds little experiment in de-Washingtonization has become the focus of outrage among the very people who are otherwise most Cri
36、tical of Washington and its ways. To these critics, it is the very symbol of congressional arrogance of power, isolation from reality, contempt for the voters, and so on, and demonstrates the need for term limits if not lynching.Consider the good-government advantages of (lets call it) the Byrd Migr
37、ation. What better way to symbolize an end to the old ways and commitment to reform than physically moving the government? What better way to break up old bureaucracies than to uproot and transplant them, files and all?Second, spreading the government around a bit ought to reduce that self-feeding a
38、nd self-regarding Beltway culture that Washington-phobes claim to dislike so much. Of course there is a good deal of hypocrisy in this anti Washington chatter. Much of it comes from politicians and journalists who have spent most of their adult lives in Washington and wouldnt care to live anywhere e
39、lse. They are not rushing to West Virginia themselves, except for the occasional quaint rustic weekend. But they can take comfort that public servants at the Bureau of the Public Debt, at least, have escaped the perils of inside-the-Beltway insularity.Third, is Senator Byrds raw spread-the-wealth ph
40、ilosophy completely illegitimate? The Federal Government and government-related private enterprises have made metropolitan Washington one of the richest areas of the country. By contrast, West Virginia is the second poorest state, after Mississippi. The entire countrys taxes support the government.
41、Why shouldnt more of the country get a piece of it? As private businesses are discovering, the electronic revolution is making it less and less necessary for work to be centralized at headquarters. Theres no reason the government shouldnt take more advantage of this trend as well.It is hardly enough
42、, though, to expel a few thousand midlevel bureaucrats from the alleged Eden inside the Washington Beltway. Really purging the Washington culture enough to satisfy its noisiest critics will require a mass exodus on the order of what the Khmer Rouge instituted when they took over Phnom Penh in 1975.
43、Until the very members of the TIME Washington bureau itself are traipsing south along I-95, their word processors strapped to their backs, the nation cannot rest easy. But Americas would-be Khmer Rouge should give Senator Byrd more credit for showing the way.31 According to the text, “a mass exodus“
44、 (Para. 6) most probably means（A）removing the central functions of government.（B） directing federal spending towards a state.（C） shifting businesses to a landlocked state.（D）reforming pieces of government agencies.32 Which of the following cannot describe the publics opinions the government?（A）Egoti
45、stic.（B） Centralized.（C） Illegitimate.（D）Bureaucratic.33 It is implied in the 4th paragraph that some politicians and journalists（A）are entitled to some privileges.（B） escape the complexities of life.（C） are very doubtful of Byrds plans.（D）often give their dishonest opinions.34 As used in the text,
46、“the alleged Eden“ (Para. 6) symbolizes（A）paradise.（B） isolation.（C） noisiness.（D）luxuries.35 It can inferred from the text that government bureaus（A）have often been the target of criticisms.（B） have benefited the poor.（C） are an inappropriate topic for discussion.（D）are quite contemptible.36 Come o
47、n, my fellow white folks, we have something to confess. Out with it, friends, the biggest secret known to whites since the invention of powdered rouge: welfare is a white program. The numbers go like this: 61% of the population receiving welfare, listed as “means-tested cash assistance“ by the Censu
48、s Bureau, is identified as whit e, while only 33% is identified as black. These numbers notwithstanding, the Republican version of “political correctness“ has given us “welfare cheat“ as a new term for African American since the early days of Ronald Reagan.Our confession surely stands: white folks h
49、ave been gobbling up the welfare budget while blaming someone else. But its worse than that. If we look at Social Security, which is another form of welfare, although it is often mistaken for an individual insurance program, then whites are the ones who are crowding the trough. We receive almost twice as much per capita, for an aggregate advantage to our race of $10 billion a yearmuch more than the $3.9 billion advantage African American gain from their disprop
