1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 102（无答案）一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (1)_ the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no
2、 prominent (2)_ of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (3)_,or by whom. But it began to be (4)_ in the early 1900s. Jazz is Americas contribution to (5)_ music. In contrast to classical music, which (6)_ formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, (
3、7)_ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920, jazz (8)_ like America. And (9)_ it does today. The (10)_ of this music are as interesting as the music (11)_. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (12)_. They were brought to the Southern states (13)_
4、 slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (14)_. When a Negro died his friends and relatives (15)_ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanies the (16)_. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to th
5、e occasion. (17)_ on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their (18)_, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played (19)_ music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (20)_ at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It wa
6、s an early form of jazz.（A）At（B） In（C） By（D）On（A）music（B） song（C） melody（D）style（A）discovered（B） acted（C） designed（D）invented（A）noticed（B） found（C） listened（D）heard（A）classical（B） sacred（C） light（D）popular（A）forms（B） follows（C） approached（D）introduces（A）expressing（B） explaining（C） exposing（D）illustr
7、ating（A）appeared（B） felt（C） sounded（D）seemed（A）so（B） as（C） either（D）neither（A）originals（B） origins（C） discoveries（D）resources（A）concerned（B） itself（C） available（D）oneself（A）players（B） followers（C） pioneers（D）fans（A）for（B） by（C） with（D）as（A）months（B） weeks（C） hours（D）times（A）demonstrated（B） composed（
8、C） formed（D）hosted（A）demonstration（B） procession（C） body（D）march（A）Even（B） Therefore（C） But（D）Furthermore（A）number（B） members（C） body（D）relations（A）sad（B） solemn（C） funeral（D）happy（A）whistled（B） sung（C） showed（D）presentedGrammar21 He moved away from his parents, and missed them _ enjoy the exciting
9、life in New York.（A）too much to（B） enough to（C） very much to（D）much so as to22 There are very few rules of grammar_.（A）that are not with exceptions（B） not having exception to them（C） that do not have exceptions（D）not with exception to them23 You will pass the examination if you_harder.（A）will study（
10、B） study（C） studied（D）would study24 But for his courage, the battle_.（A）was lost（B） would be lost（C） would have been lost（D）was to be lost25 If you have any clothes _ today, give them to me.（A）to wash（B） to be washed（C） for washing（D）being washed26 “They said what we always knew. “ said an administr
11、ation source, _.（A）he asked not to be named（B） who asked not to be named（C） who asked not be named（D）who asked not named27 He has little trouble _the tires of his car.（A）to fix（B） fix（C） fixing（D）with fixing28 _from her contract, De Havilland sued the studio and, after a two-year battle, won her cas
12、e in a landmark decision that benefited all contract actors.（A）Determined being released（B） Determining to be released（C） Determined to be released（D）Determining to be releasing29 The shock given by this arrangement is not so strong as the other two, but is_unpleasant.（A）much less（B） still less（C） n
13、one the less（D）more or less30 It was recommended that we_for the authorities.（A）waited（B） wait（C） most wait（D）would waitPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 In the following text, some sentences have been remove
14、d. For Questions 1 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Confronted with a sink suddenly leaking water many homeowners have neither the knowledge nor the materials to make the repair
15、themselves. In choosing a plumber they generally have to rely on some sort of signal of quality. A recommendation from a stranger helps; a recommendation from a sensible neighbour can help even more; prior, direct experience is best of all.Government regulators can be said to be permanently in need
16、of plumbers. Faced with a rapidly changing market and technological advancesof financial instruments, medical therapies, agricultural methods, software- the regulatory agencies have to make decisions quickly. 【R1】_.Jerry Kim, an assistant professor of business at Columbia University, wanted to test
17、the relationship between reputation and regulatory treatment at the Food and Drug Administration(FDA). He looked at 884 New Drug Applications(NDAs)submitted to the FDA for approval between 1990 and 2004. A firms reputation, in this case, depended not on its market share or the use of its drugs, but
18、its generation of knowledge and innovation. 【R2】_.The hypothesis proved correct: the higher the firms reputation, the more likely that its drugs would speed through the approval process. Other factors influenced FDA approval as well. 【R3 】_. A firms political contributions, meanwhile, were a non-fac
19、tor.Mr. Kim also found a curious side effect of the drug-approval process. The FDA has a special “priority“ rating for those drugs believed to be significantly better than existing treatments.(New drugs, or those first to treat a disease, are more likely to be designated priority.)There was no stati
20、stically significant relationship, however, between a firms reputation and the likelihood of its application receiving priority status. 【R4】_. In separate research, Mr. Kim found that the approved drugs from high-status firms were more likely to prompt product recalls or warnings. In short, the esta
21、blished firms may travel more easily.Mr. Kim draws two lessons from his findings. One is practical; new biotech firms may want to partner with veterans to get their products to market more quickly and establish a strong reputation. The second is to adopt a healthy skepticism about the ability of reg
22、ulators to protect the public. 【R5】_. “These people. really are dedicated to serving public interest and theyre trying their best,“ says Mr. Kim of his talks with FDA researchers. “The problem is, their best is not always good enough. “ADrugs targeted at “underserved“ illnesses(those that lack good
23、treatments)were approved more quickly, for example, while any drug submitted after a product recall, regardless of whether or not it was related to the recalled drug, was more likely to spend additional time under review.BTo find reputable plumbing contractors government should study the field more
24、thoroughly and set a standard to make sure that all the plumbers are licensed and to ensure safe operation of water heaters and boilers.CThe biases he found were not the kind easily attributable to underhanded bribery, lobbying, or even more subtle political pressures; rather, they are the result of
25、 trying to process a great deal of information quickly.Dj Mr. Kims hypothesis was that a firm with a longer track record of contributing to drug development would have its NDAs approved faster than would a developer less well known to the FDA. The more patent citations a firm had, the greater its kn
26、owledge reputation.EThe most common side effects associated with the drug include headache and stomachache. The medication should not be taken by people who are trying to restrict their sodium intake.FIt might then make sense that, as one would welcome a recommended plumber, regulators might be more
27、 willing to trust companies with stronger reputations.GThis suggests that established firms are not more likely to turn out innovative or especially useful drugs than their lesser-known peers.31 【R1 】32 【R2 】33 【R3 】34 【R4 】35 【R5 】36 Those Europeans who are tempted, in the light of the dismal scene
28、s in New Orleans this fortnight, to downgrade the American challenge should meditate on one world: universities. Five years ago in Lisbon European officials proclaimed their intention to become the worlds premier “knowledge economy“ by 2010. The thinking behind this grand declaration made sense of a
29、 sort: Europes only chance of preserving its living standards lies in working smarter than its competitors rather than harder or cheaper. But Europes failing higher-education system poses a lethal threat to this ambition.Europe created the modern university. Scholars were gathering in Paris and Bolo
30、gna before America was on the map. Oxford and Cambridge invented the residential university: the idea of a community of scholars living together to pursue higher learning. Germany created the research university. A century ago European universities were a magnet for scholars and a model for academic
31、 administrators the world over.But, as our survey of higher education explains, since the second world war Europe has progressively surrendered its lead in higher education to the United States. America boasts 17 of the worlds top 20 universities. American universities currently employ 70% of the wo
32、rlds Nobel prize-winners, 30% of the worlds output of articles on science and engineering, and 44% of the most frequently cited articles. No wonder developing countries now look to America rather than Europe for a model for higher education.Why have European universities declined so precipitously in
33、 recent decades? And what can be done to restore them to their former glory.? The answer to the first question lies in the role of the state. American universities get their funding from a variety of different sources, not just government but also philanthropists, businesses and, of course, the stud
34、ents themselves. European ones are largely state-funded. The constraints on state funding mean that European governments force universities to “process“ more and more students without giving them the necessary cashand respond to the universities complaints by trying to micromanage them. Inevitably,
35、quality has eroded. Yet, as the American model shows, people are prepared to pay for good higher education, because they know they will benefit from it: thats why America spends twice as much of its GDP on higher education as Europe does.The answer to the second question is to set universities free
36、from the state. Free universities to run their internal affairs: how can French universities, for example, compete for talent with their American rivals when professors are civil servants? And free them to charge fees for their servicesincluding, most importantly, student fees.36 According to the te
37、xt, the European dream is likely to come true（A）if the current education deterioration can be curbed.（B） when the American challenge no longer causes controversy over campus-culture.（C） if public attitudes bring about changes in education.（D）when laws and requirement concerning higher-education syst
38、em are stipulated.37 The available statistics are employed to illustrate（A）the academic glory achieved by Americans.（B） the loss of European predominance in higher education.（C） the delayed effect of knowledge explosion.（D）the present status of plagiarism.38 Independence from the state is the prereq
39、uisite for（A）academic establishments.（B） European rejuvenation.（C） American model.（D）talent emancipation.39 The text is mainly（A）a review of a fading system and the relevant solution.（B） about the globalization of knowledge economy.（C） a survey of news approaches to higher education.（D）about merits
40、of the European higher-education system.40 Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?（A）To set university free will benefit the fading European higher education.（B） Research university took shape in Germany.（C） Developing nations used to follow European higher education.（D）The way of fund-
41、raising from diverse channels is not illuminating at all.41 Shortly after September 11th, President Bushs father observed that just as Pearl Harbor awakened this country from the notion that we could somehow avoid the call of duty to defend freedom in Europe and Asia in World War Two, so, too, shoul
42、d this most recent surprise attack erase the concept in some quarters that America can somehow go it alone in the fight against terrorism or in anything else for that matter.But Americas allies have begun to wonder whether that is the lesson that has been learnedor whether the Afghanistan campaigns
43、apparent success shows that unilateralism works just fine. The United States, that argument goes, is so dominant that it can largely afford to go it alone.It is true that no nation since Rome has loomed so large above the others, but even Rome eventually collapsed. Only a decade ago, the conventiona
44、l wisdom lamented an America in decline. Bestseller lists featured books that described Americas fall. Japan would soon become “Number One“. That view was wrong at the time, and when I wrote “Bound to Lead“ in 1989, I, like others, predicted the continuing rise of American power. But the new convent
45、ional wisdom that America is invincible is equally dangerous if it leads to a foreign policy that combines unilateralism, arrogance and parochialism.A number of advocates of “realist“ international-relations theory have also expressed concern about Americas staying-power. Throughout history, coaliti
46、ons of countries have arisen to balance dominant powers, and the search for traditional shifts in the balance of power and new state challengers is well under way. Some see China as the new enemy; others envisage a Russia-China-India coalition as the threat. But even if China maintains high growth r
47、ates of 6% while the United States achieves only 2%, it will not equal the United States in income per head until the last half of the century.Still others see a uniting Europe as a potential federation that will challenge the United States for primacy. But this forecast depends on a high degree of
48、European political unity, and a low state of transatlantic relations. Although realists raise an important point about the leveling of power in the international arena, their quest for new cold-war-style challengers is largely barking up the wrong tree. They are ignoring deeper changes in the distri
49、bution and nature of power in the contemporary world. The paradox of American power in the 21st century is that the largest power since Rome cannot achieve its objectives unilaterally in a global information age.41 We learn from the beginning of the text that what strikes Bushs father is that（A）American allies began to appreciate unilateralism.（B） Americans come to get over some misconception
