1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 110 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind t
2、he explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer placea “voluntary trusted identity“ syste
3、m that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private on
4、line identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that
5、 already have these “ single sign-on“ systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 , the approach would create a “ walled garden“ in cyberspace, with safe “ neighborhoods“ and bright “streetlights“ to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt descr
6、ibed it as a “voluntary ecosystem“ in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs. “ Still, the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some
7、applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drives license“ mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem“ envisioned b
8、y Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 . They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1 【B1 】（A）swept（B） skipped（C） walked（D）ridden2 【B2 】（A）for（B） within（C） while（D）though
9、3 【B3 】（A）careless（B） lawless（C） pointless（D）helpless4 【B4 】（A）reason（B） reminder（C） compromise（D）proposal5 【B5 】（A）information（B） interference（C） entertainment（D）equivalent6 【B6 】（A）by（B） into（C） from（D）over7 【B7 】（A）linked（B） directed（C） chained（D）compared8 【B8 】（A）dismiss（B） discover（C） create（D）
10、improve9 【B9 】（A）recall（B） suggest（C） select（D）realize10 【B10 】（A）released（B） issued（C） distributed（D）delivered11 【B11 】（A）carry on（B） linger on（C） set in（D）log in12 【B12 】（A）In vain （B） In effect（C） In return（D）In contrast13 【B13 】（A）trusted（B） modernized（C） thriving（D）competing14 【B14 】（A）caution（
11、B） delight（C） confidence（D）patience15 【B15 】（A）on（B） after（C） beyond（D）across16 【B16 】（A）divided（B） disappointed（C） protected（D）united17 【B17 】（A）frequently（B） incidentally（C） occasionally（D）eventually18 【B18 】（A）skepticism（B） relerance（C） indifference（D）enthusiasm19 【B19 】（A）manageable（B） defendabl
12、e（C） vulnerable（D）invisible20 【B20 】（A）invited（B） appointed（C） allowed（D）forcedGrammar21 “The man must be Marys husband. “ “ No, he_her husband. She is still single. “（A）neednt be（B） mustnt be（C） shouldnt be（D）cant be22 He was punished_he should make the same mistake again.（A）unless（B） lest（C） if（D）
13、provided23 Even though we had been to her house several times before, we still did not remember（A）what street was it on（B） what was it the street（C） what street it was on（D）what street it was24 The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, _all practical value by the time they w
14、ere finished.（A）could lose（B） would have lost（C） might lose（D）ought to have lost25 _last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent.（A）He would leave school（B） He left school（C） He had left school（D）He has left school26 _ of the Pennsylvania Gazette, Benjamin Franklin tried hard to m
15、ake the periodical popular.（A）As owner and editor（B） While was owner and editor（C） Having being owner and editor（D）To be owner and editor27 While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television _the newspaper completely.（A）will replace（B） have replaced（C） rep
16、lace（D）replaced28 You may rely on_everything will be ready by Monday.（A）that（B） what（C） which（D）it that29 If you pour oil on water, it_ float（A）shall（B） will（C） can（D）may30 _she be going back this autumn?（A）May（B） Might（C） Can（D）MustPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questio
17、ns below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 The Rebound Brings Investing OpportunityHeres the not-so-bad news: We are nearing a bottom. Housing prices are falling, but not as rapidly. Consumer confid-ence is up. Banks are earning money. The stock market in April had its best month in
18、nine years. Even Nouriel Roubini, the New York University professor known for his dire economic predictions, thinks we are on the mend.Thats not to say the recession is over. Roubini sees the road to recovery as a long and fluctuating one, with unemployment rising toward 12%. So dont trade in your e
19、mergency fund for a boat. But when it comes to your investing life, its time to get backing to the water. And the question is: How do we ever get back the money we lost?It depends on what type of recovery we have. Since the market bottomed on March 9, investors have rushed into acquiring shares of f
20、inancial companies, retailers and technology firms.That makes sense if you believe we will have a recovery like the ones weve had in recent history. Companies in those industries did well in the market rallies that followed recessions in the 1990s and the early part of this decade. And stocks handil
21、y outperformed bonds.But the current recession has been deeper and longer than the past two. “Its a very different story today,“ says First Eagles Jean-Marie Eveillard, one of the few managers to produce positive returns when stocks plunged earlier this decade. “The landscape is different, and the r
22、ecovery, when it comes, probably wont be along the lines of what we have seen in the post-World War II period.“For the past few decades, the easiest call in economics was to predict a V-shaped recessionone that bottoms and rebounds quickly, its basically all weve had. Only two of the 11 recessions s
23、ince the end of World War II have lasted more than a year, and nearly all wound up with a boom. Consumers stocked up. Companies upgraded their computers. We piled into real estate. And predicting a V may be the right call a gain. With the government spending billions on economic stimulustrillions, i
24、f you in elude the bank fixa quick pullout is entirely possible. In that case, buying retailers, technology companies and financial firms makes sense.But at 16 months and counting, this recession looks more and more U-likeone in which a rebound takes time. Thats the picture Roubini is painting. He s
25、ays no, amount of government stimulus can make us shoppers againwe have too much debt. When payc-hecks resume or start to grow again, lenders will get that cash, not retailers. Consumer spending made up as much as 70% of the economy before the bust. With less shopping, Roubini says, there is little
26、chance for a quick rebound.31 Which of the following shows that the recession is on the way of recovery?（A）Housing prices are falling.（B） Banks are making profits.（C） Customers confidence is up.（D）The stock market is better than ever.32 What is professor Roubinis view on the present recession?（A）Peo
27、ple should invest in stocks rather than bonds.（B） Its experiencing steady and quick recovery.（C） Unemployment is still on the way up.（D）Buying retailers makes sense at present.33 In time of the 1990s recession, what would people probably do when recovery had come according to the passage?（A）Buy stoc
28、ks and homes.（B） Keep money for emergency.（C） Repay your debt with paycheck.（D）Try to find a new job.34 What was characteristic of the recessions in the past few decades according to the passage?（A）They bottomed and rebounded quickly.（B） They didnt last more than one year.（C） The government spent bi
29、llions on stimulus.（D）People had too much debt to repay.35 Why cant retail industry quickly make money after the recession bottomed according to Roubini?（A）Because the government is not spending enough on stimulus.（B） Because people will pay their money back to their lenders.（C） Because the current
30、recession is U-shaped rather than V.（D）Because consuming made up too much of the economy before the recession.36 Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 l
31、ast December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So there are the headlines warning of gloom and doom
32、this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil experts. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short item.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now
33、 to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, tuxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect
34、 on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, c
35、onsultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with
36、 $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economiesto which heavy industry has shiftedhave become more energy-intensive, and se could he
37、 more seriously squeezed.One more reason net to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic
38、decline. The Economists commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.36 The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_.（A）global inflation（B） reduction in supply（C） fast growth in economy（D）Iraqs suspension of ex
39、ports37 It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if_.（A）price of crude rises（B） commodity prices rise（C） consumption rises（D）oil taxes rise38 The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries_.（A）heavy industry becomes mare energy-intensive
40、（B） income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil. prices（C） manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed（D）oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP39 We can draw a conclusion from the text that_.（A）oil-price shocks are less shocking now（B） inflation seems irrelevant to oil-
41、price shocks（C） energy conservation can keep down the oil prices（D）the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry40 From the text we can see that the writer seems_.（A）optimistic（B） sensitive（C） gloomy（D）scared41 The discovery of life beyond Earth would transform not only our scienc
42、e but also our religions, our belief systems and our entire world-view. For in a sense, the search for extraterrestrial life is really a search for ourselveswho we are and what our place is in the grand sweep of the cosmos.Contrary to popular belief, speculation that we are not alone in the universe
43、 is as old as philosophy itself. The essential steps in the reasoning were based on the atomic theory of the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus. Yet philosophy is one thing, filling in the physical details is another. Although astronomers increasingly suspect that biofriendly planets may be abunda
44、nt in the universe, the chemical steps leading to life remain largely mysterious.Traditionally, biologists believed that life is a freakthe result of a zillion-to-one accidental concatenation of molecules. It follows that the likelihood of its happening again elsewhere in the cosmos is infinitesimal
45、. This viewpoint derives from the second law of thermodynamics, which predicts that the universe is dyingslowly and inexorably degenerating toward a state of total chaos. And similar reasoning applies to evolution. According to the orthodox view, Darwinian selection is utterly blind. Any impression
46、that the transition from microbes to man represents progress is pure chauvinism of our part. The path of evolution is merely a random walk through the realm of possibilities.If this is right, there can be no directionality, no innate drive forward; in particular, no push toward consciousness and int
47、elligence. Should Earth be struck by an asteroid, destroying all higher life-forms, intelligent beings would almost certainly not arise next time around. There is, however, a contrary viewone that is gaining strength and directly challenges orthodox biology. It is that complexity can emerge spontane
48、ously through a process of self-organization. If matter and energy have an inbuilt tendency to amplify and channel organized complexity, the odds against the formation of life and the subsequent evolution of intelligence could be drastically shortened.Historically, Bertrand Russell argued that a uni
49、verse under a death sentence from the second law of thermodynamics rendered human life ultimately futile. All our achievements, all our struggles, “all the noonday brightness of human genius“, as he put it, would, in the final analysis, count for nothing if the very cosmos itself is doomed. But what if, in spite of the second law of thermodynamics, there can be systematic progress alongside decay? For those who hope for a deeper meaning or purpose beneath physical ex
