1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 187 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they woul
2、d like to be. They tell us a good【B1 】_about the wearers background, personality, status, mood, and【B2】_on life.People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes【B3】_. Newscasters, or the【B4】_who read the news on TV, are considered to be more【B5】_, honest, and competent when they are【B6】_conserv
3、atively. And college students who【B7】_themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are【B8】_about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully.【B9】_, many of us can relate instances in【B10 】_the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about oursel
4、ves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a【B11】_situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been【B12】_for women. A good many wom
5、en in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine“ and “feminine“【B13】_they should convey by their professional clothing. The【B14】_of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that【B15】_for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably f
6、or managerial【B16 】_when the women display【B17】_“feminine grooming“shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain【B18】_clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An【B19 】_woman is definitely going to get a longer interview,【B20】_she wont get a job.“1 【B1 】（A）amount（B） deal（C） number（D）quantit
7、y2 【B2 】（A）attitude（B） viewpoint（C） outlook（D）remark3 【B3 】（A）infer（B） reveal（C） verify（D）mean4 【B4 】（A）hosts（B） announcers（C） presenters（D）reporters5 【B5 】（A）promising（B） amusing（C） convincing（D）inspiring6 【B6 】（A）dressed（B） worn（C） decorated（D）costumed7 【B7 】（A）assume（B） discern（C） view（D）confirm8
8、 【B8 】（A）worried（B） concerned（C） troubled（D）shocked9 【B9 】（A）Therefore（B） However（C） Then（D）Moreover10 【B10 】（A）which（B） that（C） it（D）this11 【B11 】（A）horrible（B） hopeful（C） special（D）stressful12 【B12 】（A）contradictory（B） otherwise（C） indifferent（D）possible13 【B13 】（A）symbols（B） criteria（C） attribute
9、s（D）figures14 【B14 】（A）priority（B） reliability（C） demand（D）variety15 【B15 】（A）desirable（B） available（C） comparable（D）liable16 【B16 】（A）professions（B） works（C） positions（D）vacancies17 【B17 】（A）more（B） no（C） less（D）much18 【B18 】（A）tailored（B） furnished（C） knit（D）purchased19 【B19 】（A）attractive（B） opti
10、mistic（C） aggressive（D）enthusiastic20 【B20 】（A）so（B） and（C） or（D）butPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 If you watched a certain swimmer s Rio Games debut on Sunday night, when he propelled the United States 41
11、00-meter relay team to a gold medal, you know the answer: Michael Phelps. While it may look like the athletes have been in a bar fight, the purple dots actually are signs of “cupping,“ an ancient Chinese healing practice that is experiencing an Olympic moment.In cupping, practitioners of the healing
12、 techniqueor sometimes the athletes themselves place specialized cups on the skin. Then they use either heat or an air pump to create suction between the cup and the skin, pulling the skin slightly up and away from the underlying muscles. The suction typically lasts for only a few minutes, but it s
13、enough time to cause the capillaries just beneath the surface to rupture, creating the circular, eye-catching bruises that have been so visible on Phelps as well as members of the United States men s gymnastics team.Physiologically, cupping is thought to draw blood to the affected area, reducing sor
14、eness and speeding healing of overworked muscles. Athletes who use it swear by it, saying it keeps them injury free and speeds recovery. Phelpsposted an Instagram photo showing himself stretched on a table as his Olympic swimming teammate Allison Schmitt placed several cups along the back of his thi
15、ghs. “Thanks for my cupping today!“ he wrote.While theres no question that many athletes, coaches and trainers believe in the treatment, theres not much science to determine whether cupping offers a real physiological benefit or whether the athletes simply are enjoying a placebo effect. “A placebo e
16、ffect is present in all treatments, and I am sure that it is substantial in the case of cupping as well,“ said Leonid Kalichman, a senior lecturer at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel. “A patient can feel the treatment and has marks after it, and this can contribute to a placebo effect.“O
17、ne 2012 study of 61 people with chronic neck pain compared cupping to a technique called progressive muscle relaxation, or PMR, during which a patient deliberately tenses his muscles and then focuses on relaxing them. About half the patients used cupping while the other half used PMR. Both patient g
18、roups reported similar reductions in pain after 12 weeks of treatment. Notably, the patients who had used cupping scored higher on measurements of well-being and felt less pain when pressure was applied to the area. Even so, the researchers noted that more study is needed to determine the potential
19、benefits of cupping.21 We can learn from the passage that Michael Phelps（A）is involved in a bar fight.（B） is his own practitioner of the healing technique.（C） is a member of US men s 4100-meter relay team.（D）and his swimming team members have the purple dots on their shoulders.22 In cupping, practit
20、ioners of the healing technique use the following EXCEPT（A）heat.（B） a cup.（C） a circle.（D）an air pump.23 Which of the following is NOT the effect of cupping mentioned in the passage?（A）Curing cold.（B） Less soreness.（C） Quick recovery.（D）Avoiding getting injured.24 It can be inferred that a placebo c
21、an sometimes improve a patient s condition simply because（A）it has been proved by science.（B） the person has the expectation that it will be helpful.（C） the person usually is the athlete, the coache and the trainer.（D）it has an evident physiological effect.25 From the study, we know that compared wi
22、th progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), cupping（A）has more potential benefits on health.（B） needs more time of treatment.（C） is more popular among people with chronic neck pain.（D）is more effective for people s health.25 When it comes to Barbies body, it will no longer be one size fits all. On Thurs
23、day, Mattel unveiled curvy, petite and tall versions of its iconic fashion doll whose unrealistically thin shape has attracted criticism for decades. The three body types will also be sold in an assortment of skin tones, eye colors and hairstyles.The move is about more than just making Barbie look d
24、ifferent. While Barbie was once Mattels powerhouse brand, sales have plummeted in recent years as the doll has struggled to remain relevant to little girls who do not look like her and who play with toys other than dolls. “This is about drawing a wider demographic that had turned away from Barbie ba
25、ck to Barbie,“ said Jim Silver, the editor of a toy review website.But some industry experts and academics have long doubted that cosmetic changeswhether racial or body shapescan revive the popularity of the 57-year-old Barbie, whose sales have been declining by double-digits in recent years. Execut
26、ives have been optimistic, pointing to signs that Barbie s in-store sales began picking up last year.The slumping sales may also be partly attributed to the shift away from traditional toys toward electronics and games in recent years, as many parents and children have clamored for less gender-speci
27、fic toys. Even Lego, the world s top toymaker, has had to alter its strategy and some of its building block lines to accommodate the growth in the market for learning toys that appeal to boys and girls. Faced with weakening sales in its core brands like Barbie, and criticism that it was too slow to
28、pick up on trends, Mattel has undertaken a number of efforts to improve innovation.Barbie s new shapes also coincide with a progressive cultural shift already underway in stores and the toy aisles. Parents and many health experts have complained that too many dolls, models and even clothing companie
29、s conform to an extremely thin, even anorexic, body type and have pressured corporations to offer a broader variety of images and apparel sizes to give girls and boys more confidence in their own body shapes.And some parents, concerned about negative gender stereotypes (a racecar for a son, a prince
30、ss doll for a daughter), have pushed retailers into more gender-neutral territory. The Disney Store, for example, decided to label all of its childrens Halloween costumes as “for kids,“ as opposed to for boys or girls. Amazon, which by some measures accounts for more than half of all online sales, h
31、as banished gender distinctions for its toys.26 According to Jim Silver, Barbie adds curvy, petite and tall to body shapes in order to（A）make Barbie look different in skin tones, eye colors and hairstyles.（B） cater to girls who do not look like Barbie and who play with other toys.（C） let a wider ran
32、ge of people who lose interest in Barbie like Barbie again.（D）let more people from different countries who have never known Barbie love Barbie.27 What do some industry experts and academics think of Barbie s change?（A）It s too old for Barbie to vary its race and body shapes.（B） The change of makeup
33、may not make Barbie popular again.（C） Barbie can not be in accordance with customer preferences.（D）Barbie can represent more girls with different racial and body shapes.28 Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 4?（A）Electronics and games tend to be less gender-specific.（B） Lego will o
34、ffer girls more career-oriented toys.（C） Lego will shift all of its energies to producing learning toys.（D）Mattel is not good at using new technology and innovative approach.29 According to the passage, parents and many health experts（A）complain that there are too many dolls and models.（B） think tha
35、t an extremely thin body type is comfortable.（C） force clothing company to bring pressure to other corporations.（D）hope that children are more confident of their own body shapes.30 The introduction of Disney and Amazon helps to illustrate that（A）they try to help kids build self-confidence.（B） there
36、is no basis for some parents concerns.（C） they reject the negative gender stereotypes from the start.（D）there are some clothes and toys that are less gender-specific in retail stores.30 Oversize cupids in pink, furry outfits hand out heart-shaped balloons with “I Do“ written on them (in English) at
37、a wedding-themed trade fair in Beijing. Vendors offer romantic photo-shoots of couples under water, personalised wedding cigarettes, and biscuits with names. An emphasis on love is a new addition to Chinese weddingsand shines a pink-filtered spotlight on social change.For centuries, marriage in Chin
38、a was about ensuring heirs for the grooms family. Both the grooms and the brides family exchanged money or goods. The more money changed hands, the more opulent the wedding.In 1949, frugality was imposed. Dowries consisted of necessities like bed linen or a bicycle. But since the 1980s the extravaga
39、nce of weddings has matched the countrys rise. Celebrations moved out of homes into hotels. Brides swapped traditional red dresses for white ones.A large industry has emerged to serve the 13 million couples who marry each year. Wedding planners are increasingly common, particularly in cities. A deca
40、de ago Cosmo Bride, an American-owned lifestyle magazine, launched a Chinese-language edition in China. An average wedding cost $12,000 in 2011the equivalent of more than two years income for the average urban household. An increase in the average marriage age by 2.5 years since 1990 has given paren
41、ts (who still usually pay for weddings, despite the earning power of their children) more time to save up.The change in wedding also reflects a fundamental shift in society. For the first time in the history of Chinese family life, the childrather than ancestors or parentsis regarded as the centre o
42、f the family, says Yan Yunxiang of the University of California, Los Angeles. Most newly-weds now are single children, born since the one-child policy was introduced more than 30 years ago. Parents have more to spend if they only have to afford one wedding.William Jankowiak of the University of Neva
43、da, Las Vegas, who has documented relationships in China for 30 years, says love plays a larger part in young peoples livesboth in choice of partner and in their relationships with parents. The result is evident in weddings, which now focus on the couple. Both sets of parents are represented, but th
44、eir position is peripheral. Weddings often feature a day of wedding photos, shot before the event, with the couple in a range of outfits against romantic backgrounds, but with no family members.31 The wedding-themed trade fair in Beijing is used to（A）show the popularity of cupids and balloons on Chi
45、nese weddings.（B） introduce the service that vendors provide for married couples.（C） compare two different wedding stresses: on form and on love.（D）illustrate the change of wedding focus and Chinese society.32 The word “opulent“ (Para. 2) most probably means（A）extravagant.（B） fortunate.（C） tradition
46、al.（D）joyous.33 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about weddings?（A）There has been more extravagant weddings since the 1980s.（B） Wedding planning industry has appeared in cities.（C） Parents paying for weddings have 2.5 years for preparation.（D）One-child parents will pay mo
47、re for the wedding.34 The last sentence “Weddings often . no family members“ implies that couples（A）are the focus of the wedding.（B） dont welcome family members arrival.（C） seldom express their love to parents.（D）aren t accompanied by family members when taking wedding photos.35 Which of the followi
48、ng can best summarize the main idea of this text?（A）Wedding planners enjoy great popularity especially in cities.（B） How does the development of society change Chinese weddings?（C） The relationships with partner are superior to the ones with parents.（D）What procedures do most newly-weds have to foll
49、ow in weddings?35 What sort of glass you drink from predicts how fast you drink. “Would you like that in a straight or a jug, sir?“ was once a common response to Britishers request for a pint in a pub. Like the Lilliputians in Gullivers Travels, who argued whether a boiled egg should be opened at the pointed or the rounded end, beer drinkers were adamant that only from their preferred shape of glass did their drinks taste best.Straight-sided g
