1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 26 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It 1 its attention upon those physical characteristics and indus
2、trial techniques, conventions and values, which 2 one community from all others that belong to a different tradition. The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other societies 3 our own. For its purposes any social 4 of mating and reprodu
3、ction is as significant as our own. To the anthropologist our customs and those of a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for 5 a common problem, and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is 6 to avoid any weighting of one 7 the other. He is interested in human behavior, not as it
4、 is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition 8 . He is interested in a wide 9 of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to understand the way in which these cultures change and 10 , the different forms through which they express themselves and
5、 the 11 in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the 12 Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a 13 of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely 14 of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonpla
6、ce. 15 it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than 16 any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather 17 aspect of the matter. The fact 18 first rate importance is the predominant role that custom 19 in experience and
7、belief, and the very great varieties it may 20 .（A）pays（B） revolves（C） fastens（D）draws（A）distinguish（B） prohibit（C） dispel（D）exempt（A）of（B） from（C） for（D）than（A）regulation（B） execution（C） prosecution（D）disposition（A）meditating on（B） imposing on（C） tangling with（D）dealing with（A）acknowledged（B） autho
8、rized（C） bound（D）credited（A）in favor of（B） instead of（C） rather than（D）in contrast with（A）however（B） though（C） whatsoever（D）indeed（A）option（B） span（C） prototype（D）range（A）deviate（B） fluctuate（C） differentiate（D）segregate（A）manner（B） means（C） case（D）context（A）personnel（B） locality（C） natives（D）indivi
9、duals（A）subject（B） object（C） objective（D）subjective（A）worth（B） worthwhile（C） worthy（D）rewarding（A）As a matter of fact（B） On the whole（C） In general（D）On the other hand（A）that（B） why（C） how（D）what（A）vulgar（B） lofty（C） grim（D）trivial（A）in（B） of（C） at（D）to（A）functions（B） plays（C） makes（D）leads（A）manife
10、st（B） illustrate（C） reveal（D）indicatePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Terry Bradshaw had a lot to feel good about during the early 1990s. He had won four Super Bowls. He gained a spot in pro-footballs Hall o
11、f Fame the first year he was eligible. And when he retired from football as a player in 1984, he made the jump to the broadcast side. His cheerful and direct style earned him popularity among viewers and a collection of Emmy Awards. Yet the excess of success left Bradshaw oddly joyless. Each Super B
12、owl victory left him dreading the prospect that he would fall short the next season. And as he amassed more cars, land and horses, he took less and less pleasure in them. And through it all, Bradshaw now recalls, “ I didnt consider remotely that 1 might be depressed.Life is, of course full of pain,
13、sadness and frustration and toughness is often an appropriate response. But theres a difference between being tough and settling for a life of what Thoreau described as “quiet desperation“. Getting help with depression is as consistent with masculine ambitions as an exercise program or a solid finan
14、cial plan. Talk therapy can help you with problem solving and teach you to manage painful feelings constructively, and there are now more than a dozen effective antidepressants. Dont assume that taking one of these drugs is somehow a failure. Life events may help push us into depression , but the co
15、ndition itself has a biological basis, and targeting the physiological causes is often the surest way to alleviate it. Changing your biology through sheer courage is like running a marathon with a broken leg. In fact, most people who respond to antidepressants feel more like themselves not less.When
16、 Bradshaws third marriage dissolved five years ago, he took the leap and got enormous relief from an antidepressant. “ Its the hardest thing Ive ever done, “ he says. “ but my whole life has changed. I like my life now. “He runs a horse business, spends time with his two teenagers and remains both a
17、 popular sports analyst and a sought-after motivational speaker.Not every man can win a Super Bowl, but most can beat depression if theyre brave enough to seek help. The stigma remains, and cant be wished away. But stigma causes much less harm than depression does, and treatment can make life much m
18、ore worth living. The National Institute of Mental Health has launched a campaign to counter the negative typecasting of depressed men. NIMH experts make clear confronting depression is not about admitting weakness or defeat. More often, its about restoring your mood and reclaiming simple pleasures.
19、 Bradshaw, when asked what he enjoys now that his depression is treated, told me. “ Eating peanuts. “Now thats manhood. 21 Why did Terry Bradshaws success leave him joyless?（A）Because he has become too tired of playing football（B） Because he is afraid that his popularity is going down.（C） Because hi
20、s real interest is in broadcasting instead of sports.（D）Because he fears that failure might arrive in coming games.22 According to the author, getting help with depression _.（A）is a very good exercise program for males（B） helps people to make better financial plans（C） is a display of ones weakness o
21、r defeat（D）has nothing to do with the pursuit of success23 Antidepressant might be effective in countering depression in that_.（A）unhealthy physical conditions leads to psychological conditions（B） the drug has been specially designed for the depressed（C） taking the drug gives the depressed some psyc
22、hological relief（D）the drug contains some chemical elements that make people excited24 The metaphor of “running a marathon with a broken leg“ is used to show that_.（A）the more you run the more exhausted you will be（B） taking drugs on a long term basis will only worsen the problem（C） treating depress
23、ion takes a long time just like a marathon（D）pure determination might not produce long term effect25 The authors purpose of writing the text is to _.（A）tell readers that life is full of pain and needs tough actions（B） persuade males to get help if they feel depressed（C） show that courage is the best
24、 remedy for depression（D）convince people of the inevitability of feeling depressed25 Many successful business executives do not follow the “ standard“ method for problem solving in business. Typically, business schools teach their students to first clarify goals, assess the problem, formulate option
25、s and estimate the chances of success before making a decision. Conversely, many real world business decisions are made based on what some senior executives call “ intuition“. They use hunches and educated guesses to manage large global companies where different departments, networks of information,
26、 and complex chains of command force todays manager to integrate action into the process of analysis.Historically, business writers have recognized that some managers rely heavily on intuition. For the most part, however, business writers and the faculty at business schools often display a poor gras
27、p of what intuition is and how it is used, instead, they see it as the opposite of rationality or even as an excuse for capriciousness.More recent research, however, demonstrates that executive intuition is in fact neither of these. Rather, executives use intuition in a number of ways. First, they i
28、ntuitively sense when a problem ex-ists. They then rely on intuition to_implement well-learned responses quickly. This type of decisionmaking process is neither arbitrary nor irrational, but is based on years of practice, hand-on experience , and a finely honed sense of when to make a quick decision
29、 and when to wait for more information.Intuition also allows executives to make decisions based on the “big picture“ : a complete integrated understanding of how decisions will affect all facets of the business enterprise. In this way, some managers use intuition as a kind of “gut check“ on the resu
30、lts of more rational analysis. “When my people give me numbers,“ says one multinational CEO, “ I go over them to see if they feel right: Numbers dont always tell the whole truth. “ Finally, in todays fast-paced business world, intuition allows managers to make decisions quickly and effectively witho
31、ut relying on costly and time-consuming in-depth analyses.One of the implications of this style of management is that “thinking“ is inseparable from acting. “ I often know what the answer is even before I see the analysis,“ says one sales manager, “ sometimes in business you need to act first and ex
32、plain your actions later. “Given the uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. Action actually helps them develop a more complete understanding of the issue. With more and more companies relyin
33、g on their executives to see the “big picture“ and think outside the box traditional decision-making strategies may be one of the casualties of globalization. 26 When they tackle complicated problems most excellent senior executives will _.（A）suck to their intuitions all the way through（B） follow th
34、e traditional rational model（C） use pure guesses to manage large global companies（D）judge what to do according to their intuitions27 The author thinks that writers on management for a long time regard intuition as_.（A）something that most managers rely heavily on（B） the most important factor in decis
35、ion-making（C） an irrational way of thinking to solve problems（D）a result of poor grasp of management skills28 From the text, we know that executives use intuition in the following ways EXCEPT_.（A）sense the occurrence of a problem and use experience to solve it（B） evaluate various factors and make em
36、ployees understand the big picture（C） find out what has been missing in statistical analyses（D）reduce cost and increase efficiency in the process of decision-making29 It can be inferred from the text that a successful business manager will_.（A）know how to solve a problem before research（B） always ta
37、ke actions before they see in-depth analysis（C） integrate effective thinking into actions（D）not have to reason before making up a decision30 The last sentence of the text probably means_.（A）the traditional strategy of problem solving will be totally abandoned by future managers（B） fewer managers wil
38、l use traditional decision-making models as global companies develop（C） senior executives will be the ones who will regard the company as a big box（D）traditional decision-making strategies will cause casualties to globalization30 For a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes
39、usor what, at least, shapes us most. And over the years, theyve had a lot of findings. First it was our parents, particularly our mothers. Then it was our genes. Next it was our peers, who show up last but hold great sway. And all those ideas were good onesbut only as far as they went.The fact is on
40、ce investigators had exposed all the data from those theories, they still came away with as many questions as answers. Somewhere, there was a sort of temperamental dark matter exerting an invisible gravitational pull of its own. More and more, scientists are concluding that this unexplained force is
41、 our siblings.From the time they are born, our brothers and sisters are our collaborators and coconspirators, our role models and cautionary tales. They are our scolds, protectors, goads, tormentors, playmates, counselors , sources of envy, objects of pride. They teach us how to resolve conflicts an
42、d how not to, how to conduct friendships and when to walk away from them. Sisters teach brothers about the mysteries of girls, brothers teach sisters about the puzzle of boys. Our spouses arrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventually leave us. Our siblings may be the only people wel
43、l ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. “Siblings,“ says family sociologist Katherine Conger, “are with us for the whole journey.Within the scientific community, siblings have not been wholly ignored, but research has been limited mostly to discussions of birth order. Older sibs were sai
44、d to be strivers; younger ones rebels; middle kids the lost souls. The stereotypes were broad, if not entirely untrue, and there the discussion mostly ended.But all thats changing. At research centers in the U. S. , Canada, Europe and elsewhere, investigators are launching a wealth of new studies in
45、to the sibling dynamic, looking at ways brothers and sisters steer one another intoor away fromrisky behavior; how they form a protective buffer against family upheaval; how they educate one another about the opposite sex; how all siblings compete for family recognition and come to terms over such i
46、mpossibly charged issues as parental favoritism.From that research, scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become as adults. Does the manager who runs a congenial office call on the peacemaking skills learned in the family playroom? Do husbands and wives benefit from the inter
47、-gender negotiations they waged when their most important partners were their sisters and brothers? All that is under investigation. “Siblings have just been off the radar screen until now“ , says Conger. But today serious work is revealing exactly how our brothers and sisters influence us.31 What c
48、an be inferred from the last sentence of Paragraph 1 ?（A）Previous findings revealed what shaped us.（B） Previous findings were accurate and trustworthy.（C） Previous findings contributed in a limited way.（D）Previous findings went too far in explanation.32 The word “siblings“ (Para. 2) most probably me
49、ans_.（A）parents（B） genes（C） peers（D）brothers and sisters33 Katherine Conger mentions “Siblings are with us for the whole journey“ to show_.（A）they can provide important suggestions for us（B） they can accompany us throughout our life（C） they may offer us great help（D）they plan our journey for us34 Studies on siblings by scientists used to_.（A）be totally forgotten（B） focus only on the sons not daughters（C） mainly focus on the orders of the kids（D）focus on the sibling dynamic35 From the last paragraph w
