1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 37 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 There has arisen during this twentieth century (as it arose before, in ages which we like to call dark) a pronounced anti intellect
2、ualism, a feeling that both studies and literature are not merely vain, but also (1)_ untrustworthy. With people swayed by this wrong (2)_ that there is little use in arguing, either for history or literature, or for poetry or music, or for the arts (3)_.With others, there is still faith that any ci
3、vilization worthy of the name must be (4)_ in a ceaseless pursuit of truth. Whether truth is (5)_ through study or through the arts makes no difference. Any pursuit of truth is not only (6)_; it is the foundation stone of civilization.The (7)_ for and reading of history is one of those approaches to
4、 truth. It is only ones all the arts and sciences are such (8)_. All have their place; all are good; and each (9)_ with the other. They are not airtight compartments. It is only in a few institutions, subjected to (10)_ misinformation, that events like the Industrial Revolution are (11)_ entirely to
5、 the historians, the social scientists, or the physical scientists. Only within the past hundred years have historians (12)_ that what people have done in literature and art is a part of their history. Books like Uncle Toms Cabin have themselves helped to (13)_ history.Even at the moment, when scien
6、tific (14)_ becomes more and more specialized and the historian concentrates more and more fiercely on periods and (15)_, it is becoming more (16)_ to the layman that all this is part of one whole. Even on a (n) (17)_ when textbooks are being written to introduce to the theoretical physicist his col
7、leagues who are working as chemists or engineers on perhaps the same problem, the layman is far enough (18)_ from all this specialization to see the whole, possibly even more clearly than do the (19)_. Between history, biography, the arts and sciences, and even journalism, who could draw airtight (2
8、0)_? Not laymen. Is not yesterdays newspaper history, and may it not become literature?（A）anyway（B） somehow（C） little（D）sometimes（A）resentment（B） perception（C） assertion（D）snobbishness（A）in general（B） at stake（C） to a degree（D）under way（A）resulted（B） grounded（C） consisted（D）integrated（A）stunned（B） r
9、etrieved（C） molded（D）sought（A）strenuous（B） worthwhile（C） malignant（D）reckless（A）excuse（B） sympathy（C） quest（D）distaste（A）legacies（B） strategies（C） expertise（D）schemes（A）interacts（B） assimilates（C） coordinates（D）interferes（A）discreet（B） practical（C） mental（D）moral（A）exposed（B） attributed（C） geared（D）
10、restricted（A）admitted（B） confessed（C） ensured（D）guaranteed（A）ignore（B） make（C） consider（D）turn（A）speculation（B） meditation（C） intimidation（D）investigation（A）intervals（B） spans（C） episodes（D）gaps（A）paradoxical（B） absurd（C） feasible（D）obvious（A）occasion（B） spot（C） plight（D）dilemma（A）exempted（B） detach
11、ed（C） secured（D）separated（A）amateurs（B） specialists（C） peers（D）pedestrians（A）variations（B） differentiations（C） discriminations（D）distinctionsPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 The farm is a major marketplace f
12、or millions of tons of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides (杀虫剂),and advanced machinery and the fuel required to run it. The modern super farm, large and highly capitalized, is resource dependent compared with the diversified small farms that were once dominant. On diversified farms, major energy n
13、eeds may be supplied by resident humans and animals. Soil fertility may be maintained by alternating cash crops and restorative crops, and also by returning animal manure(肥料) to the soil. This farming model of relatively self- sufficient agriculture, and the way of life associated with it, are still
14、 economically viable(可行), as demonstrated by prosperous Amish farmers and other practitioners of “alternative“ agriculture. Particularly relevant to todays mainstream agriculture are the energy-saving practices on large “organic“ farms, which are thoroughly mechanized but which minimize the use of p
15、esticides and synthetic fertilizers.By comparison, mainstream American agriculture has until lately been careless in its use of energy, water, and land. When fossil energy was cheap, applications of fertilizers and pesticides paid large dividends, so farmers were encouraged to use these products. So
16、on most farmers used too much fertilizer and pesticide. Farmers in dry regions enjoyed an era of cheap water, obtained from publicly subsidized irrigation systems or from pumping groundwater using, inexpensive energy. The soil too was expendable as demand grew for U.S. agricultural products.The peri
17、od of extraordinary profligacy in the use of soil, water, and fossil fuels may well be at an end. The new structure of large farms is quite sensitive to cost factors. These adaptive farms, whose development was assisted by public tax, subsidy, and research policies, have access to capital, technolog
18、ies, and management skills, enabling them to switch relatively quickly to resource-conserving practicesfor example, to a low-tillage system that requires less fuel, that shepherds soil moisture, and that may reduce soil erosion(侵蚀). It seems likely that federal programs that have enlarged our farms,
19、 therefore, have had a further result of creating the potential for a more conserving agriculture. With respect to energy use, for example, energy costs per unit of output are lower for large farms, mainly because these farms quickly economized on energy as costs rose. In the future, according to on
20、e authoritative assessment, “agricultural production is likely to use capital and land more intensively but energy, fertilizer and labor less intensively.“21 The main difference between the modem superfarm and diversified farms is_（A）their sizes（B） the machinery employed（C） the degree of dependence
21、on resources（D）the kinds of crops cultivated and animals raised22 Whats the main idea of the second paragraph?_（A）Fossil energy was once very cheap（B） Farms in dry areas could get cheap water（C） Most American farmers used too much fertilizer and pesticide（D）Mainstream American agriculture used to be
22、 wasteful of energy, water and land23 The word “profligacy“ (line 1, para. 3) most probably means_（A）wastefulness（B） carefulness（C） profitability（D）economy24 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?_（A）The farming model and the way of life on diversified farms are workable（B） La
23、rge “organic“ farms use large amounts of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers（C） The new adaptive farms are capable of resource-conserving practices（D）To reduce soil erosion is a resource-conserving practice25 It can be seen from the passage that the problem of resource conservation in agriculture_（
24、A）has been solved in the U. S.（B） has not yet been paid any attention to（C） is being seriously and effectively dealt with（D）will soon be solved by using more capital and land26 The U.S. Supreme Courts decision Monday to let stand a ruling in an online defamation case will make it more difficult to d
25、etermine correct legal jurisdictions in other Internet cases, legal experts said.By opting not to take the case, the high court effectively endorsed a lower courts decision that a Colorado company that posts ratings of health plans on the Internet could be sued for defamation in a Washington court.
26、The lower court ruling is one of several that makes it easier for plaintiffs to sue Web site operators in their own jurisdictions, rather than where the operators maintain a physical presence.The case involved a defamation suit filed by Chehalis, Wash.-based Northwest Healthcare Alliance against Lak
27、ewood, Colo.-based H The Alliance sued in Washington federal court after H posted a negative ranking of Northwest Healthcares home health services on the Internet. H argued that it should not be subject to the jurisdiction of a court in Washington because its publishing operation is in Colorado.Obse
28、rvers said the fact that the Supreme Court opted not to hear the case only clouds the legal situation for Web site operators.Geoff Stewart, a partner at Jones Day in Washington, D.C., said that the Supreme Court eventually must act on the issue, as Internet sites that rate everything from automobile
29、 dealerships to credit offers could scale back their offerings to avoid lawsuits originating numerous jurisdictions.Online publishers also might have to worry about being dragged into lawsuits in foreign courts, said Dow Lohnes I read with horror of an American hip pie wedding where someone said to
30、the groom(aged twenty) “you seem so kind a grown up somehow“, and the lad had to go round seeking assurance that he wasnt. No, really he wasnt. A determination to be better adults than the present incumbents is fine, but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism.When my children are grown
31、up, Ill learn to fly an airplane. I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do “go pop“, there will be no little ones to suffer shock and maladjustment; that even if the worst does come to the worst, I will at least dodge the geriatric ward and all that look for your glasses in order to see whe
32、re youve left your teeth. When my children are grown up, Ill have fragile lovely things on low tables; Ill have a white carpet; Ill go to the pictures in the afternoons. When the children are grown up, Ill actually be able to do a days work in a flay, instead of spreading over three, and go away for
33、 a weekend without planning as if for a trip to the Moon. When Im grown upI mean when theyre grown upIll be free.Of course, I know its got to get worse before it gets better. Twelve-year-old, Im told, dont go to bed at seven, so you dont even get your evening. Once theyre past ten you have to start
34、worrying about their friends instead of simply shooting the intruders off the doorstep, and to settle down to a steady ten years of criticism of everything youve ever thought or done or won. Boys, it seems, may be less of a trial than girls, since they cant get pregnant and they dont borrow your clo
35、thesif they do borrow your clothes, of course, youve got even more to worry about.The young dont respect their parents any more. Goodness, how sad. Still, like eating snails, it might be all right once youve got over the idea; it might let us off having to bother quite so much with them when the tim
36、e comes. But one is simply not going to be able to drone away ones days, toothless by the fire, brooding on the past.31 What interests the writer about young children is that they _.（A）have so many unselfish ambitions（B） dont want to be a spaceman（C） all long for adult comforts（D）have such long term
37、 ambitions32 The writer holds the opinion that fantasies _.（A）satisfy ambitions（B） lessen ambitions（C） stimulate ambitions（D）frustrate ambitions33 Young people often feels that the age of eighteen is the _.（A）best time of life（B） right age to get married（C） hardest part of life（D）gateway to happines
38、s34 The writer seems to think that as an adult one must _.（A）achieve ones ambitions at all costs（B） continue to be ambitious（C） find a compromise between ambition and reality（D）give up all ones earlier ambitions35 What do the writer think about his or her children?（A）Their behavior is improving.（B）
39、They dont spend enough time at home.（C） They are approaching a difficult age.（D）They are choosing strange friends.35 Its never too early or too late for a parent to become a teacher. In this age of teacher accountability, endless school testing, increased pressure and competition, and the proliferat
40、ion of “educational“ toys, too many people forget that success begins at home.Freeman A. Hrabowski , president of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and co-author of Beating the Odds: Raising Academically Successful African American Males and Overcoming the Odds: Raising Academically Succ
41、essful African American Young Women, says that in the interviews he and his co-authors conducted, the overwhelming factor in their childrens academic achievement was that parents inspired and envisioned their childrens success. They thought and talked about what would be required to have a .successf
42、ul child.“It just makes such a difference when theres someone in that house working to relate to that child and inspire that child,“ Hrabowski says. “These parents (of the high achievers discussed) are really inspirational in their commitment to their children.“Professor Barbara T. Bowman, one of th
43、e faculty founders of Chicagos Erikson Institute, an independent institution of higher education that prepares child development professionals for leader- ship, says that Black children must learn in two different cultures-the African-American culture in which they live and the mainstream culture on
44、 which school and education are based.Bowman also says the relationship between children and their parents is critical. “It is the early responsive ness of the caregiver to the infants behavior that creates a sense of well-being and optimism that affects the childs interest in learning,“ says Bowman
45、, who served as president of the institute from 1994 to last year. “Children who like and want to please the adult learn better what the adult wants them to learn.“In this day of highly competitive testing and the stress of getting high SAT or ACT scores, its important also to avoid pressuring or ov
46、erexposing your child. Your son or daughter is probably already facing stress at school and on the playground. Your role is to help him or her relieve and manage that stress. Help them to understand that life does not end or begin with a test. And while academic success is important, its also import
47、ant to keep everything in perspective. Failure is a relative term in the grand scheme of things. If your child did poorly on a test, but answered a particularly tough question correctly, stress the positive. On the other hand, if schoolwork comes too easily to your child, find other ways to challeng
48、e him or her so they understand that life wont always be that way. 36 According to the author, the parents of high achievers are usually _.（A）successful themselves（B） teachers（C） inspirational（D）working hard37 It can be inferred from the passage that the African-American culture is _.（A）an important
49、 part of the mainstream culture（B） the base of the mainstream culture（C） different in many ways from the mainstream culture（D）dependant on the mainstream culture38 Whether a child is interested in learning depends on _.（A）the content the adult wants the children to learn（B） how pleased the parents are when the children are learning（C） the feedback the pa
