1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 50 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Devil, V8, Anal, Christ; these are among the baby names【C1】_by New Zealands department of internal affairs, who recently【C2】_a【C3】_
2、list of those disallowed by registrars in the past ten years.Few decisions are more【C4】_than the naming of offspring. Yet laws【 C5】_the choice of both first names and surnames are not【C6 】_around the world. Denmark expects new parents to choose from a register of acceptable names; Portugal lists ban
3、ned and approved ones. German registrars prohibit the use of most nouns and place-names, and also frown【C7】_any that do not clearly imply a gender: bad luck, Kim. Governments argue that these rules prevent children being【C8】_with absurd names that may cause them problems in later life. They also aim
4、 to block names that might cause【C9】_to others. In 2009 a couple in New Jersey lost custody of a boy they had named Adolf Hitler.【C10 】_concerns play a role, too. Government databases may struggle with long names: New Zealand allows 100 characters for all first names; the state of Massachusetts has
5、a【C11】_of 40 for each. Chinese face a particular difficulty; their language has tens of thousands of characters, but a name that uses【C12】_or rare ones can mean computer problems.Whether these decisions make any difference is another matter. A study in 2002 suggested that individuals may be influenc
6、ed by their first names, without even being【C13】_of it. A disproportionate number of girls named Georgia live in the American state that【C14】_their name; boys named Dennis may be slightly【C15】_likely to become dentists than those called Walter(and Georges seem to have a【C16】_for geology). Academics
7、with surnames in the【C17】_half of alphabet are more likely to get good university jobs(the authors of papers are listed alphabetically). Ballot papers that list politicians names that way also show a【C18】_effect.But reinvention beckons. Britains chancellor was born Gideon Osborne; aged 13, he became
8、 George. The UK Deed Poll Service, a legal firm, in 2011 helped 60,000 Britons rename themselves(fees start at 33, around $50); it was only 5,000 a decade before. American courts report similar trends. Some such applicants may wish to【C19 】_their parents expectations, while others may regret they we
9、re not given a more【C20】_name.1 【C1 】（A）registered（B） rejected（C） advocated（D）stressed2 【C2 】（A）announced（B） released（C） claimed（D）emitted3 【C3 】（A）comprehensive（B） composite（C） compressive（D）compulsory4 【C4 】（A）individual（B） specific（C） personal（D）humane5 【C5 】（A）rectifying（B） adjusting（C） regulati
10、ng（D）amending6 【C6 】（A）common（B） uncommon（C） universal（D）commonplace7 【C7 】（A）with（B） of（C） over（D）upon8 【C8 】（A）imitated（B） intimidated（C） burdened（D）laughed9 【C9 】（A）inconvenience（B） insult（C） panic（D）offence10 【C10 】（A）Ethical（B） Philosophical（C） Scientific（D）Technological11 【C11 】（A）restraint（B）
11、 constraint（C） limit（D）confinement12 【C12 】（A）alternative（B） acquainted（C） archaic（D）ambiguous13 【C13 】（A）conscientious（B） reminded（C） conscious（D）noticed14 【C14 】（A）allows（B） shares（C） grants（D）identifies15 【C15 】（A）less（B） much（C） more（D）even16 【C16 】（A）indication（B） inclination（C） information（D）i
12、ntelligence17 【C17 】（A）former（B） upper（C） latter（D）lower18 【C18 】（A）same（B） positive（C） negative（D）similar19 【C19 】（A）live up to（B） break away from（C） fall short of（D）go contrary to20 【C20 】（A）memorial（B） monumental（C） memorable（D）mortalPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the que
13、stions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Of all the cuts to public services, few have provoked such loud protests as proposals to close libraries. Petitions and curses have been followed by legal challenges. On November 16th a judge in London ruled against plans to close 21 lib
14、raries in Gloucestershire and Somerset. Campaigners in Brent, in north-west London, have taken their fight against closures to the Court of Appeal.Local politicians are startled. Keith Mitchell, leader of Oxfordshire county council, which was forced by public pressure to abandon plans to close many
15、libraries, complained that protesters seemed much less upset by cuts to social care and rubbish collection. Visits to libraries have declined by 6. 7% in the past five years, according to the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy(CIPFA). But this is to underestimate the symbolic role
16、 libraries play as a visible public good. A 2010 poll found that 69% of people had been to a library in the past year. More than 80% view libraries as “essential“ or “very important“.Yet savings have to be made somewhere. If library closures cause protests, cuts must be done stealthily. In the 2010-
17、11 fiscal year libraries acquired 7. 4% fewer adult fiction books and 13. 7% fewer non-fiction books than they had the year before. An older, less appealing stock could speed the decline in library visits.Yet hard times are also forcing innovations that may help libraries in the long run. In a quiet
18、 success for David Camerons “Big Society“ , the number of volunteer librarians has risen from 12,708 to 21,642 in the past five years. That trend has its critics, especially among professional librarians. But staff account for at least half the cost of running a library. Other savings could probably
19、 be made by consolidating Englands 151 library authorities, and by making better use of technology. “London has 32 library authorities but just one police authority,“ marvels Desmond Clarke, a library campaigner.An entirely different option is to pour money into a single edifice in the hope that it
20、will have a benign effect on the neighborhood. Englands most popular library is the Norfolk in Indonesia their share is exactly half.31 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（A）The number of females having higher education in rich countries is larger than that in develop
21、ing countries.（B） The number of women with doctor degrees is smaller than that of men.（C） The illiteracy rate of world population has remained unchanged for the past two decades.（D）In emerging countries, girls have almost equal access to elementary and secondary education as boys.32 One recent decis
22、ion made by Americas National Science Foundation may change the unfavorable situation for females in academic promotion because_.（A）it allocates more funds to the research field predominated by females（B） it radically changes the academic promotion mechanism in universities（C） it eases the restricti
23、ons on the age of candidates applying for senior posts（D）it allows researchers to finish the project on a more flexible schedule33 By comparing education parity to a“ cheque in the mail“ , Ina Ganguli means that_.（A）education parity will not have an immediate financial payback（B） education parity do
24、es not necessarily guarantee more women join the workforce（C） education parity does not mean male and female stand an equal chance for job（D）the benefits of education parity always come in disguised forms34 The article mentions the following gaps between male and female in education over rich countr
25、ies except that_.（A）less females receive PhD degrees than males（B） female scholars are promoted more slowly than their male colleagues（C） men and woman are not equally paid for the same job（D）women tend to focus on majors with less appealing payment prospects35 The contrast between Japanese women an
26、d Indonesian women in the last paragraph suggests that_.（A）women in different countries vary widely in their mathematic ability（B） the different preference for subjects between male and female is a phenomenon specific to some countries（C） culture will have some effect on girls performance in majors
27、closely linked with mathematics（D）girls preference to choose health and humanities as majors is largely influenced by cultural stereotype35 Imagine a Britons new year resolutions: he vows to stop smoking 20 cigarettes a day, and abandon his daily bottle of claret and nightly whisky. Confronting his
28、enlarging gut, he may even promise to make his ten-mile round-trip commute by bike, not car.What admirable goals. And since this gentlemans annual vice bill comes to around 7,500 pounds, he will be well-rewarded for his virtue even before considering the effect on his health. But the Treasury might
29、rejoice a little less. In the fiscal year 2010-11 nearly 10% of all taxes collected came from duty on alcohol, tobacco, and fuel as well as from vehicle excise duty, a tax that falls most heavily on the least efficient cars. You may say that New Year resolutions are notoriously short-lived, but the
30、longer-run trend still looks bad for the exchequer. Because many vices are in constant decline, so are receipts, predicts the Office for Budget Responsibility(OBR).Smoking rates have been falling for decades, attributed partly to high taxes, and partly to public health campaigns changing social more
31、s and a smoking ban in workplaces introduced across Britain in 2007. The government could respond by increasing sin tax rates. But when duties rise, so do the incentives to get around them, by buying abroad or on the black market. This is particularly common with cigarettes, which are easy for indiv
32、idual smokers to import. In 2000 non-duty consumption reached a peak of 78% , a consequence of the weak euro as well as a sudden increase in taxes of inflation plus 5%.Petrol taxes are leaking more quickly. As with smoking, behavior is changing: car and van mileage has fallen for four consecutive ye
33、ars, partly because petrol is so expensive and new vehicles have better engines. These trends, as well as the rise of electric and hybrid cars, are forecast to compress receipts from 1. 8% of GDP in 2010 to just 1.1% in 2030.There are, of course, advantages to Britons giving up their filthy habits.
34、Smoking is the leading cause of preventable illness and premature death in Britain. It cost the National Health Service more than 5 billion pounds a year in 2005-06, some 5. 5% of its budget at the time, according to an Oxford University study. But any benefit to the NHS may be short-lived. Those wh
35、o do not perish from diseases associated with smoking are likely to die more slowly of age-related illnesses.In moral terms, a decline in sin tax receipts suggests a job well done. But in fiscal terms, a hole is a hole. As the OBR sees it, falling Treasury income means Britons will be getting, in ef
36、fect, an unannounced tax cut. Other taxes could therefore rise without leaving people worse off in aggregate. The maths makes sense. For the virtuous, though, being clobbered with new taxes may seem a rather poor reward.36 An ordinary Britains New Year resolution is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to_.（A）i
37、ndicate the significant role played by tax in changing the lifestyle（B） illustrate that the decline of tax revenue is only short-lived（C） stress the benefits of leading a healthy lifestyle（D）demonstrate how a healthy lifestyle may affect the fiscal revenue37 It can be inferred from the passage that
38、the sin tax is_.（A）a tax levied to curb unhealthy consumption（B） the most important source of revenue of British government（C） a tax levied on the basis of personal income（D）a tax borne by enterprises rather than consumers38 According to Paragraph 3, increasing tax rates on cigarettes is not a reaso
39、nable way for government to counteract effects of less people smoking because_.（A）it will force more people to give up smoking（B） it will stimulate people to access cigarettes from alternative channels（C） it can not counter the effects of weak euro（D）it can not counter the effects of inflation39 Acc
40、ording to the last paragraph, in moral terms, a decline in sin tax receipts suggests that_.（A）governments job to curb unhealthy consumption is fulfilled（B） governments job to relieve the tax burden of British people is fulfilled（C） governments job to advocate public health campaign is fulfilled（D）go
41、vernments job to elevate the moral level of British people is fulfilled40 The lost revenue from sin taxes may be balanced by_.（A）raising sin tax rates（B） the money saved from curbing disease linked to smoking or drinking（C） imposing new taxes or increasing rates of other taxes（D）collecting more pers
42、onal income tax40 ANot giving bonus to employees who deserve itBNot giving positive informationCNot linking individual jobs to the big pictureDNot recognizing and rewarding great performanceEFailure to get employees obsessive about winningFNot giving feedbackGFailure to give a clear vision of winnin
43、gOver the years, Gallup has surveyed millions of employees and customers on a variety of workplace issues. One very interesting fact emerges from all their research. Of all the employees Gallup has surveyed, just over half have a clear understanding of whats expected of them when they show up to wor
44、k every day.And we wonder why excellence is such a rare commodity in the corporate world! As leaders, the things we dont do or say often have more of an impact than those that we do. So I took my own informal poll and came up with the top five things managers dont do that undermine excellence in org
45、anizations.【R1】 _Nothing is more important to creating a culture of excellence than defining what winning looks like for your organization, for teams and for individuals. Having a clear definition of winning provides focus and clarity at every level. It gets everyone aligned and moving in the same d
46、irection. It motivates and inspires people to perform at their best. And when unexpected adversity occurs, it gives people an anchor to rally around and keep their energy and spirits high.【R2】 _Its not enough just todefine winning. To keep employees focused on winning, you have to infuse it into you
47、r employees minds! Otherwise, people get so distracted by everything they have on their plates that they lose sight of the big picture.【R3】 _Todays employees want feedback, and lots of it! Without it, people dont know where they stand in regards to performance expectations. More important, when you
48、dont tell employees how theyre doing, it sends the message that you dont care. Without feedback, people make up information to fill the void. This made-up information is almost always negative. Giving regular feedback helps to prevent destructive “ information gaps,“ and strengthens relationships be
49、tween employees and their supervisors. It also leads to improved work quality, increased accountability, and a higher-performing work environment.【R4】 _Most employees want to feel like theyre doing more than just earning a paycheck. Start by making sure every individual job actually supports getting to your destination. Then let people know specificallyhow their jobs contribute to
