1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 73 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries, in particular, how to pay
2、for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an【C1】_burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but【C2】_retirement could help.Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially【C3 】_one, and makes the present public pension system difficul
3、t to sustain for long. The【C4】_reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the【C5】_of those in work for their income. The【C6】_is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and【C7】_life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this ol
4、d-age dependency rate to roughly double【C8】_size. Public pension payments, which afford 30% 80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C9】_to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.【C10】_is the pressure on pens
5、ion funds that there is a danger of todays workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C11】_for.Action is needed,【C12 】_simply aiming to reduce the【C13】_ (and cost)of public pensions, or trying to【C14】_the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, m
6、ay be【C15】_to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of【C16】_early retirement schemes to avoid【C17】_and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking【C18】_persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physical
7、ly less【C19】_and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】_rate should rise anew.1 【C1 】（A）unsolvable（B） additional（C） unsustainable（D）undue2 【C2 】（A）delaying（B） retaining（C） detaining（D）hindering3 【C3 】（A）ultimate（B） unattainable（C） specific（D）expensive4 【C4 】（A）substantial（B） essential（C） potent
8、ial（D）controversial5 【C5 】（A）donating（B） sponsoring（C） subsidizing（D）funding6 【C6 】（A）outlook（B） outcome（C） outbreak（D）outset7 【C7 】（A）prolonging（B） expanding（C） soaring（D）rising8 【C8 】（A）in（B） on（C） by（D）for9 【C9 】（A）conceived（B） reckoned（C） expected（D）meant10 【C10 】（A）As（B） Such（C） So（D）It11 【C11
9、】（A）should pay（B） paying（C） be paid（D）would pay12 【C12 】（A）but（B） for（C） and（D）thus13 【C13 】（A）multitude（B） implementation（C） application（D）generosity14 【C14 】（A）exaggerate（B） augment（C） magnify（D）multiply15 【C15 】（A）insufficient（B） influential（C） inefficient（D）intrinsic16 【C16 】（A）advancing（B） prev
10、ious（C） ahead（D）preceding17 【C17 】（A）suspensions（B） abundances（C） redundancies（D）discrepancies18 【C18 】（A）for（B） to（C） about（D）at19 【C19 】（A）turbulent（B） strenuous（C） compact（D）intricate20 【C20 】（A）dependency（B） fertility（C） present（D）mortalityPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer
11、the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain; your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are
12、less if you don t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth s story:I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle(小隔间)offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with
13、 several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles. Several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they
14、thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice“ isn t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you 11 probably have
15、 to ask for it.Performance is your best bargaining chip when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs(a new client or a sizable contract, for example)just before merit
16、 pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate ti
17、me and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.21 According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should_.（A）demonstrate his capability（B） give his boss a good impression（C） ask for as much money as he can（D）ask for the salary he hopes to get22 What can
18、be inferred from Beth s story?（A）Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.（B） If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.（C） People should not be content with what they have got.（D）People should be careful when negotiating for a job.23 We can learn from the passage t
19、hat_.（A）unfairness exists in salary increases（B） most people are overworked and underpaid（C） one should avoid overstating one s performance（D）most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises24 To get a pay raise, a person should_.（A）advertise himself on the job market（B） persuade his boss to
20、 sign a long-term contract（C） try to get inside information about the organization（D）do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions25 To be successful in negotiations, one must_.（A）meet his boss at the appropriate time（B） arrive at the negotiation table punctually（C） be good at inf
21、luencing the outcome of the interaction（D）be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes25 Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects.Located on the shore of Sullivan
22、s Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane Hugo 10 years ago. In September 1989, Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36 000 homes in the state.Before Hugo, many new h
23、ouses built along South Carolina s shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement of building codes wasn t strict, according to architect Ray Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. In Hugo s wake, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes. The ne
24、w beach house on Sullivan s Island should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.At first sight, the house on Sullivan s Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it resemble “a large party lantern“ at night, according t
25、o one observer. But looks can be deceiving. The house s wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give it extra strength.To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2. 7 meters off the ground on timber pilingslong, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand. Pi
26、lings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also elevate the house above storm surges. The pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it. “These swells of water come ashore at tremendous speeds and cause most of the da
27、mage done to beachfront buildings. “ said Huff.Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house s ground-to-roof shell. “ The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn t look like it s standing with its pant legs pulled up. “ said Huff. In the event of a storm surge, the
28、 shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.26 After the tragedy caused by Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South Carolina s shoreline are required_.（A）to be easily reinforced（B） to look smarter in design（C） to meet stricter building standards（D）to
29、 be designed in the shape of cubes27 The award-winning beach house is quite strong because_.（A）it is strengthened by steel rods（B） it is made of redwood（C） it is in the shape of a shell（D）it is built with timber and concrete28 Huff raised the house 2. 7 meters off the ground on timber pilings in ord
30、er to_.（A）withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hr（B） anchor stronger pilings deep in the sand（C） break huge sea waves into smaller ones（D）prevent water from rushing into the house29 The main function of the shell is_.（A）to strengthen the pilings of the house（B） to give the house a better appearance（
31、C） to protect the wooden frame of the house（D）to slow down the speed of the swelling water30 It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be_.（A）fancy-looking（B） waterproof（C） easily breakable（D）extremely strong30 The percentage of immigrants(including those unlawfully present)in the Un
32、ited States has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid-1920s.We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many
33、of the wrong sort of newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplar
34、y Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than t
35、heir parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may
36、 be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacksthat large parts of the community may become mired(陷入)in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to(降入)segregated(隔离 ), substandard schools, and their drop
37、out rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiri
38、ng people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about assimilation(同化), about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don t forever remain
39、 marginalized within these shores.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we dec
40、ide to set the admissions bar for the latest wave of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.31 How were immigrants viewed by U. S. Congress in early days?（A）They were of inferior races.（B） They were a source of political corruption.（C） They were a threat to the n
41、ation s security.（D）They were part of the nation s bloodstream.32 What does the author think of the new immigrants?（A）They will be a dynamic workforce in the U. S.（B） They can do just as well as their predecessors.（C） They will be very disappointed on the new land.（D）They may find it hard to fit int
42、o the mainstream.33 What does Edward Telles research say about Mexican-Americans?（A）They may slowly improve from generation to generation.（B） They will do better in terms of educational attainment.（C） They will melt into the African-American community.（D）They may forever remain poor and underachievi
43、ng.34 What should be done to help the new immigrants?（A）Rid them of their inferiority complex.（B） Urge them to adopt American customs.（C） Prevent them from being marginalized.（D）Teach them standard American English.35 According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_.（A）how to de
44、al with people entering the U. S. without documents（B） how to help immigrants to better fit into American society（C） how to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border（D）how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U. S.35 It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can
45、boost his paternal(fatherly)wisdom or at least confirm that he s the kid s dad. All he needs to do is to shell out $30 for paternity testing kit(PTK)at his local drugstore and another $120 to get the results.More than 60 000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without pr
46、escriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter(无需处方的)kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2 500.Among the most popular; paternity an
47、d kinship(亲属关系)testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists(系谱学者) and supports businesses that offer to search for a family s geographic roots.
48、Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva(唾液)in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical. “There s a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ances
49、try testing,“ says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back.Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome(染色体)inherited through men in a father s line or mitochondrial(线粒体的)DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic inform
