1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 86 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 More evidence is in that so-called e-cigarettes do let smokers stop smoking. Such cigarettes【C1】_to the user an oral nicotine witho
2、ut the carcinogens and other noxious chemicals found in tobacco smoke, by【C2】_a solution containing the drug. A study just【C3 】_by Jamie Brown of University College, London, and his colleagues suggests they are 60% more successful at getting people to【C4 】_tobacco by themselves than either willpower
3、【C5】_or previously available quitting aids【C6】_nicotine patches.Dr. Brown and his team looked at data collected by the Smoking Toolkit Study, a programme run by them, and【C7】_by Cancer Research UK, a charity, and Britains health ministry. This programme【C8】_smokers behaviour in England, month by mon
4、th, and has been asking about e-cigarettes since July 2009. The questions posed to【C9】_include whether they have tried to give up smoking, have succeeded, and what【C10】_they have taken.【C11 】_those who had done it alone, rather than opting for a doctors assistance to help them quit, the researchers
5、found that people who had【C12】_e-cigarettes for the purpose in the previous 12 months were more than twice as【C13】_as those who had used other devices, such as nicotine patches. A big win, apparently, for e-cigarettes【C14 】_, interestingly, they were only 40% more successful than【C15】_willpower by i
6、tself.As that second number【C16】_, in a study like this the raw figures can mislead. So Dr. Brown studied other variables such as just how【C17】_to nicotine a respondent was. That done, e-cigarettes had an almost【C18】_advantage over the other two approachessuggesting not only that e-cigarettes were t
7、he clear winner, but also casting【C19】_on the value of things like nicotine patches or willpower. Dr. Browns “ real world“ survey thus【 C20】 _formal clinical trials of e-cigarettes , which also show their virtues as quitting aids.1 【C1 】（A）convey（B） deliver（C） transport（D）transmit2 【C2 】（A）relaxing（
8、B） leasing（C） releasing（D）letting3 【C3 】（A）learned（B） researched（C） searched（D）launched4 【C4 】（A）give up（B） give in（C） give off（D）give out5 【C5 】（A）alive（B） alone（C） available（D）alike6 【C6 】（A）as（B） of（C） with（D）like7 【C7 】（A）paid for（B） sought for（C） set forth（D）put forward8 【C8 】（A）limits（B） contr
9、ols（C） tracks（D）maneuvers9 【C9 】（A）members（B） users（C） observers（D）participants10 【C10 】（A）equipment（B） approach（C） initiative（D）program11 【C11 】（A）In（B） Between（C） Among（D）Within12 【C12 】（A）employed（B） deployed（C） complied（D）applied13 【C13 】（A）disappointed（B） successful（C） difficult（D）successive14
10、【C14 】（A）though（B） hence（C） then（D）instead15 【C15 】（A）adapting to（B） adjusting to（C） insisting on（D）relying on16 【C16 】（A）predicts（B） symbolizes（C） indicates（D）advocates17 【C17 】（A）severe（B） strong（C） adhesive（D）addicted18 【C18 】（A）inevitable（B） compulsory（C） overwhelming（D）impossible19 【C19 】（A）dou
11、bt（B） light（C） issue（D）bias20 【C20 】（A）subjects to（B） backs up（C） objects to（D）casts asidePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Those who micromanage their diets instead of following Michael Pollans sensible rule
12、 of thumbeat food, not too much, mostly plantsmay be thrown into confusion by a paper just published. It describes a meta-analysis of 72 pieces of research involving more than 600,000 people.Some of these were of what those people ate, or said they ate. Some were of the levels of various fats circul
13、ating in their bloodstreams. Some were of both. All had looked for relations between these facts and a persons subsequent cardiac health. And the meta-analysis comes to what will, to many, be counterintuitive conclusions.Rajiv Chowdhury of Cambridge University and his colleagues found that one puzzl
14、e, trans-fats , are indeed associated with heart diseasethough they caution that only five of the studies they looked at had relative data on these. Other common beliefs, however, were not supported.They found no evidence that eating saturated fats or having high levels of circulating saturated fatt
15、y acids had any effect on cardiac disease. Nor did they find that omega-3 fatty acid, the current poster-boys of healthy eating, protect against heart disease.Omega-3 fats are widely sold in capsule form as food supplements. This makes them easier than other fats to incorporate into experiments that
16、 administer something to one group while denying it to another. Dr. Chowdhurys meta-analysis was based on such experiments. Indeed two big, new trials of omega-3 supplements are going on at the moment. But such trials are hard to do on other sorts of fat, since these are simply part of peoples diets
17、. Many people do not mind being asked either to pop a capsule regularly, or to refrain from doing so. It is understandably harder to persuade them to let someone else decide their entire food consumption for the several years needed to conduct trials like these.This sort of unwillingness is, indeed,
18、 one reason heart disease is a problem. Most people do not have the willpower to stick to a diet, any diet, prescribed by someone elseeven the simple one offered by Mr. Pollan, who is the author of “Food Rules: An Eaters Manual“. But eating a reasonably mixed ingredient diet, along with moderate exe
19、rcise, still seems the best route to a long and healthy life. Dr. Chowdhury and his colleagues are not suggesting that the amount of fat you eat has no bearing on your risk of having a heart attack. What their research does suggest is that, trans-fats aside, the type of fat may not matter.21 The 72
20、pieces of research aimed at_.（A）finding out most peoples eating habits（B） looking for genetic factors of cardiac health（C） studying all sorts of fats in the bloodstreams（D）seeking relations among diets, fats and heart health22 Rajiv Chowdhury and his colleagues find that_.（A）trans-fats are actually
21、irrelevant to heart disease（B） most of their studies and theories have been supported（C） few data can prove the relation between fats and heart disease（D）omega-3 fatty acid is proved the defender against heart disease23 Generally speaking, people are unwilling to_.（A）let others decide their diet for
22、 a long time（B） be required to take capsule every day（C） be involved in an experiment（D）listen to experts advice24 According to the final paragraph, if you want to have a long life, you need to _.（A）eat less and exercise more（B） take exercise as often as you can（C） keep away from liquor and cigarett
23、es（D）keep a balanced diet and do some exercise25 Whats the authors attitude towards Mr. Pollan?（A）Contradictory.（B） Favourable.（C） Skeptical.（D）Indifferent.25 Barack Obama signed the Affordable Care Act on March 23 rd, 2010. Exactly four years later J. Louis Felton, a pastor in Philadelphia, led his
24、 flock in an unusual procession: out of church and onto a bus owned by a local insurer. “ We need to sign up,“ Mr. Felton says. “ People in our communities have never had the opportunity to get health coverage before. “ On the bus he prayed for Obamacares success.The fight over the law makes mud-wre
25、stling look decorous. This year Obamacare is, yet again, Republicans favourite weapon on the campaign trail. On March 25th it was, yet again, debated in the Supreme Court. Meanwhile, Mr. Obama continues to undermine his own law by delaying parts of it: this month officials said Americans could keep
26、old plans that dont comply with Obamacare for another two years.America is the worlds only rich country not to have universal health care. Obamacare was meant to address that. In the past insurers charged the sick higher rates than the healthy. Since January this has been banned. To keep insurers fr
27、om going bust, the law requires all Americans to have insurance or pay a fine. The premiums from cheap, healthy people are supposed to offset the costs of the sick. New online health exchanges allow people to shop for coverage. For the hard-up, Obamacare does two things. It expands Medicaid(public h
28、ealth care for the poof)to individuals earning up to about $ 16,000. And it offers subsidies to those who make more than $ 11,700 but less than $46,700.In 2011 the Congressional Budget Office(CBO)projected that Obamacare would lower the number of uninsured by 21m in 2014 and 34m in 2021. Now the CBO
29、 is gloomier: it says the law will shrink the ranks of the uninsured by 13m in 2014 and 25m in 2021. More than 30m Americans will still lack coverage after Obamacare is fully implemented.26 The pastor prayed for Obamacares success so that_.（A）people in his communities can benefit from it（B） he can h
30、ave the opportunity to get medicare（C） people in his communities can get a job（D）he doesnt have to work in the church27 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Obamacare_.（A）will be abolished in the near future（B） is favored by almost all Americans（C） has caused controversy for a long time（D）has be
31、en a powerful weapon of Mr. Obama28 According to Paragraph 3 , which of the following is NOT true?（A）Sick men used to pay more premiums in America.（B） Obamacare aims at dealing with the issue of health care.（C） Insurance companies will be fined if they charge too high.（D）America is the only rich cou
32、ntry without a sound medicare system.29 The CBOs prediction in 2011 seems to be too _.（A）objective（B） optimistic（C） ambiguous（D）pessimistic30 It can be concluded from the last paragraph that Obamacare is_.（A）ambitious but unfair（B） promising and perfect（C） ineffective and useless（D）contributing but
33、limited30 You cannot place a value on education. Knowledge is the food of the soul, Plato supposedly remarked. Great literature “irrigates the deserts“ of our lives, as C. S. Lewis put it. But a college education comes with a price tagup to $60,000 a year for a four-year residential degree at an Ame
34、rican university.A report by Pay Scale, a research firm, tries to measure the returns on higher education in America. They vary enormously. A graduate in computer science from Stanford can expect to make $ 1. 7m more over 20 years than someone who never went to college, after the cost of that educat
35、ion is taken into account. A degree in humanities and English at Florida International University leaves you $ 132,000 worse off. Arts degrees at 12% of the colleges in the study offered negative returns: 30% offered worse financial rewards than putting the cash in 20-year Treasury bills.None of thi
36、s matters if you are rich and studying fine art to enhance your appreciation of the family Rembrandts. But most 18-year-olds in America go to college to get a good job. That is why the countrys students have racked up $1.1 trillion of debtmore than Americas credit-card debts. For most students colle
37、ge is still a wise investment, but for many it is not. Some 15% of student debtors default within three years: a startling 115,000 graduates work as caretakers.If the job market picks up, this dismal picture will improve. But there is another obvious way to increase the returns on a college educatio
38、n: make it cheaper. The price of college has risen more than four times faster than inflation since 1978 , easily outpacing doctors bills. Much of this cash has been wasted on things that have nothing to do with educationplush dormitories, gleaming stadiums and armies of administrators. In 1976 ther
39、e were only half as many college bureaucrats as academic staff: now the ratio is one to one.By the universities own measures, this has produced splendid results. Students are more than twice as likely to receive “A“ grades now than in 1960. When outsiders do the grading, however, they are less impre
40、ssed: one study found that 36% of students “ did not demonstrate any significant improvement in learning“ over four years of college.31 In the first paragraph, Plato and C. S. Lewis are cited to_.（A）demonstrate the authors view（B） introduce the topic of knowledge（C） share the idea of great men in hi
41、story（D）introduce the discussion of college education32 Statistics from Pay Scales report show that_.（A）going to college wastes both time and money（B） graduates from Stanford can earn more money（C） not all graduates from college are well-rewarded（D）it is better to put money in the bank than to go to
42、 college33 Most Americans receive higher education to_.（A）pursue knowledge and truth（B） have a promising future（C） appreciate Rembrandt（D）pay back their loans34 The phrase“pick up“(Line 1, Para. 4)most probably means_.（A）bounce back after a slump（B） learn something without effort（C） take something f
43、rom the ground（D）make the acquaintance of someone35 The most appropriate title for this text is_.（A）Knowledge: the Food of Soul（B） Reward of College Education（C） College: the Only Way to Success（D）Working Experience or Higher Education?35 Viewed from one perspective, the euro area is a minor miracle
44、. Instead of collapsing in a heap, as seemed possible two years ago, the currency club is not just intact but has a new member, Latvia, which joined in January. An economic recovery has been under way since last spring and appears to be strengthening. But seen from another standpoint the euro zone i
45、s an accident waiting to happen. As inflation slips ever lower, a slide into Japanese-style deflation looks increasingly likely. That would raise an already heavy debt burden in real terms and pull down growth.The actions of the European Central Bank will be crucial if such an outcome is to be avoid
46、ed. The ECBs mission is to achieve price stability, and since 2003 it has interpreted this to mean an inflation rate over the medium term of “below but close to“ 2%. Yet despite a fall in annual inflation to just 0. 5% in March, the central bank was expected to hold its fire when its council met on
47、April 3rd. Previously, it had lowered the main policy rate to 0. 25% in November.One reason for the ECB to wait was that underlying inflation, excluding more unstable elements such as energy and food, has been broadly stable over the past six months, at around 0. 8%. The council also sees grounds fo
48、r being patient and allowing its very low interest rates to take effect. It thinks that the recovery, which started in the second quarter of 2013 after a double-dip recession lasting a year and a half, should eventually bring inflation back towards the target.Indeed, the once-sickly euro zone is los
49、ing some of its pallor. The recovery, though feeble, has nonetheless been sustained. Output rose by 0. 3% in the second quarter of 2013, and although growth slowed to 0. 1% in the third, it picked up to 0. 2% in the fourth. More important, there are signs that the pace may be accelerating this year.36 According to the first paragraph, which one about the euro zone is NOT true?（A）Euro z
