1、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 33 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 【F1】During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has bee
2、n transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, polic
3、ymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Todays families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status.【F2】 As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had
4、in times of financial setbacka back-up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect“ could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today,
5、a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.【F3 】Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining
6、millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their g
7、uaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risenand newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart worke
8、rs, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare.【F4】Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parentand all the attendant need for physical and financial assistancehave jumped eightfold
9、in just one generation.【F5】From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburden
10、ed shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】5 The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid“ mediasuch as television commercials and print advertiseme
11、ntsstill play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “earned“ media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned“ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers regist
12、ered with its Web site.【F1 】The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketings impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such m
13、arketers act as the initiator for users responses. But in some cases, one marketers owned media become another marketers paid mediafor instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.【F2】We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations
14、 place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson the action should demand much in effect or skill.【F3】Third
15、, the action should be successful and the successful self-originated important action should increase the feeling of potential worth and individual power of individuals who are poor.【F4】The only initial resource which a community should provide to neighborhoods of poverty should be on a temporary ba
16、sis and should consist of organizers who will enable the neighborhoods quickly to create powerful, independent, democratic organizations of the poor.【F5】Through such organizations, the poor will then negotiate with the outsiders for resources and opportunities without having to submit to concurrent
17、control from outside.16 【F1】17 【F2】18 【F3】19 【F4】20 【F5】考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 33 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 【知识模块】 翻译1 【正确答案】 上几代的美国中产阶级家庭曾经依赖勤奋工作和公平竞争来确保家庭经济的安全，可是经济风险和新的现实的到来使这种安全发生了变化。 【知识模块】 翻译2 【正确答案】 结果，他
18、们就失去了在经济困难时期具有的保护伞作为后备力量的赚钱者(通常是妈妈)，如果家庭主要经济支柱失业了或者生病了，这个后备军就可以进入劳动力市场。 【知识模块】 翻译3 【正确答案】 钢铁工人、航空公司职员，现在还有汽车企业员工都在担心利率，股票市场的波动以及自己会在有生之年花光退休金的严酷现实，这样的家庭有成百上千万个。 【知识模块】 翻译4 【正确答案】 甚至人口统计学的结果也对中产阶级家庭不利，因为如果有一个年老力衰的父亲或母亲，随之而来的照料所需要的精力和财力在一代的时间内也增加了八倍。 【知识模块】 翻译5 【正确答案】 从中产阶级家庭的角度来看，我们可以理解到，在大多数情况下，前面提到
19、的看起来似乎不是一个能够承担更多经济责任的机会，而更像是一个把经济风险大规模加速转移到他们已不堪重负的肩膀上的过程。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译6 【正确答案】 如今消费者作出购买决定的过程表明，市场营销的影响力来自于传统付费媒介之外的广泛因素。 【知识模块】 翻译7 【正确答案】 我们就将这种“售出” 媒介定义为自有媒介：它的流量如此巨大，以致其他机构纷纷前来投放广告或电子商务引擎。 【知识模块】 翻译8 【正确答案】 而其他营销者的出现不仅带来了收入，还令该网站看起来公正客观，并且使各个公司有机会从其他公司的营销活动中获得可贵的信息，或许还有助于扩大所有相关企业的用户流量。 【知
20、识模块】 翻译9 【正确答案】 同样的重大技术变革，在给营销人员带来更多的、更多样化的沟通渠道选择的同时，也带来了更高的风险，那就是激动的消费者会以更迅速、更明显、更具破坏性的方式来表达他们的意见。 【知识模块】 翻译10 【正确答案】 如果那种事情一旦发生，激动的消费者会尽力劝服他人共同抵制其产品，从而危及目标企业的声誉。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译11 【正确答案】 人们认为当今的时代是一个开明的时代，可是如果你能听到普通男人是怎么说普通女人的，你就不会这么想了。 【知识模块】 翻译12 【正确答案】 仍然继续进行这场性别之战的是男人而非女人，因为在根本上男人对女人仍保持着敌对的
21、态度，即使在最进步的社会里，女人仍然被认为是二等公民。 【知识模块】 翻译13 【正确答案】 作为政治家、军人、医生、工厂工人、大学教授、农场主、公司主管、律师、巴士司机科学家以及国家总统等等，她们经常使男人显得相形见绌。【知识模块】 翻译14 【正确答案】 国家、商业、银行业之间的高层政治谈判几乎完全控制在男人手中，他们满怀嫉妒地捍卫着他们所谓的“权力” 。 【知识模块】 翻译15 【正确答案】 你可以确信，如果允许女人坐在会议桌旁，在这个男人失败了几个世纪的地方，女人会像她们一直以来都获得成功那样，取得辉煌的成功。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译16 【正确答案】 穷人容易受他们所处
22、的社会状况的影响，而不能通过行动来影响社会状况，也就是说不能通过产生于个人的决定和计划中的行动来影响社会状况。 【知识模块】 翻译17 【正确答案】 其次，行为应该更多地影响社会团体和那些确定穷人范围者的偏见；行动应该在作用或技能方面多提要求。 【知识模块】 翻译18 【正确答案】 最后，行动应当成功，成功的、自发的重要行动将增强穷人的潜在价值感以及穷人的个体力量。 【知识模块】 翻译19 【正确答案】 一个社区应该给贫穷的邻居提供早期的物质支持，这种物质支持应该建立在临时基础之上，这些活动应该包括一些组织的组织者，那些组织者能够使邻居迅速创建穷人的有影响的、独立、民主的组织。 【知识模块】 翻译20 【正确答案】 通过这样的组织，穷人将获得与外界洽谈的资源和机会，而不必同时屈从于来自外界的控制。【知识模块】 翻译
