1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 110 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The phenomena known as deja vu has been one of keen interest for scientists, religious and the common man for ages. The idea that one may be experiencin
2、g a repeated vision of some sort from the distant past or future is an intriguing concept, although not one easily agreed upon. Indeed, numerous theories exist on the meaning behind those feelings that one has “seen this before,“ some more scientific than others, of course.One common explanation for
3、 the phenomena is based on certain religious beliefs. For those that believe in the theory of reincarnation, that our souls are reborn into new bodies on earth after death, it is not a far stretch to believe that some of our memories may remain with our soul during this transition. To proponents of
4、this theory, the feeling of “having seen it before“ is simply a leftover memory from ones past life, coaxed out of hiding by some stimulus in the current one. To them, the feeling of having seen it before means just that: that they have indeed seen it before, although not in the present lifetime.Som
5、e, however, believe that the phenomena of deja vu is explained most adequately by the concept that humans have extrasensory perception(ESP), the power to be aware of things beyond the grasp of our normal five senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste. To those who believe in ESP, one who has
6、“seen it before“ has indeed seen it before, not in a past life, but rather through ESP in the form of a premonition. The phenomena of deja vu, thus, to those who believe in ESP, is proof that humans are capable of seeing the future in some limited ways.The theory that has its basis most firmly roote
7、d in science, however, is a much more mundane one. Those who attribute deja vu to entirely natural sources(other than ESP)claim that the experience of feeling that one has “seen it before“ is actually the experience of seeing it twice: once with the senses and again with the mind. Proponents of this
8、 theory believe that an individuals senses may at times register stimulus from the outside world such as a sight, smell or taste faster than their brains can process the information. Thus, when the brain finally finishes evaluating the data that the senses have sent, it has two “records“ of itone by
9、 the senses and one by the brains, but both equally real, thus the feeling of deja vu.1 The main purpose of this text is to_.（A）inform the reader as to what causes the phenomena of deja vu（B） weigh the validity of various theories regarding the basis of deja vu（C） present different theories that exp
10、lain deja vu for the readers consideration（D）argue that deja vu is a contentious issue through the listing of various opposing viewpoints2 In paragraph 2, “it is not a far stretch to believe that“ is most similar in use to_.（A）it is sometimes believed that（B） the most likely conclusion is that（C） it
11、 logically follows that（D）it is not unreasonable to believe that3 An example of ESP, as described in paragraph 3, is_.（A）seeing through solid objects（B） sensing danger before it occurs（C） being able to communicate with animals（D）the ability to understand ideas and issues that most other humans canno
12、t4 In paragraph 4, “it has two records of it“ most probably means_.（A）it senses it as two memories of the same incident（B） it stores the information as memories of the same senses（C） it senses it as having occurred twice（D）it puts the two phenomena together into one memory5 The author views deja vu
13、as_.（A）an issue that defies explanation, forcing one to rely on supposition（B） the phenomena that is best answered by science（C） a contentious issue that is hard to resolve（D）a question with different answers based on whether one believes in religion, mysticism or science most strongly5 For a decade
14、, metallurgists studying the hulk of the Titanic have argued that the storied ocean liner went down quickly after hitting an iceberg because the ships builder used substandard rivets(铆钉)that popped their heads and let tons of icy seawater rush in. More than 1,500 people died.Now a team of scientists
15、 has moved into deeper waters, uncovering evidence in the builders own archives of a deadly mix of great ambition and use of low-quality iron that doomed the ship, which sank 96 years ago Tuesday.The scientists found that the ships builder, Harland and Wolff, in Belfast, struggled for years to obtai
16、n adequate supplies of rivets and riveters to build the worlds three biggest ships at once: the Titanic and two sisters, Olympic and Britannic. Each required three million rivets and shortages peaked during Titanics construction.“The board was in crisis mode,“ said Jennifer Hooper McCarty, a member
17、of the team that studied the companys archive and other evidence. “It was constant stress. Every meeting it was, theres problem with the rivets, and we need to hire more people.“The team collected other clues from 48 Titanic rivets, using modern tests, computer simulations, comparisons to century-ol
18、d metals and careful documentation of what engineers and shipbuilders of the era considered state of the art.The scientists say the troubles began when the colossal plans forced Harland and Wolff to reach beyond its usual suppliers of rivet iron and include smaller forges, as disclosed in company an
19、d British government papers. Small forges tended to have less skill and experience.Adding to the threat, the company, in buying iron for Titanics rivets, ordered No. 3 bar, known as “best,“ not No. 4, known as “best-best,“ the scientists found. They also discovered that shipbuilders of the day typic
20、ally used No. 4 iron for anchors, chains and rivets. So the liner, whose name was meant to be synonymous with opulence, in at least one instance relied on cheap materials.Many of the rivets studied by the scientistsrecovered from the Titanics resting place two miles down in the North Atlantic by div
21、ers over two decadeswere found to be riddled with high concentrations of slag. A glassy residue of smelting slag can make rivets brittle and prone to fracture.The company also faced shortages of skilled riveters, the archives showed. Dr. McCarty said that for a half year, from late 1911 to April 191
22、2, when the Titanic set sail, the companys board discussed the problem at every meeting. For instance, on Oct. 28, 1911, Lord William Pirrie, the companys chairman, expressed concern over the lack of riveters and called for new hiring efforts.The scientists argue that better rivets would have probab
23、ly kept the Titanic afloat long enough for rescuers to have arrived before the icy plunge, saving hundreds of lives.6 The scientists in the text have done the followings except_.（A）examining the Titanic rivets to find clues（B） tracking down the evidence from archives（C） applying modern techniques（D）
24、discovering Titanic s resting place7 Which of the following is not true about Harland and Wolff?（A）It stretched to the limit as it struggled to build the worlds three biggest ships simultaneously.（B） Harland and Wolff should claim full responsibility for Titanics wreck.（C） It is a shipbuilding compa
25、ny based in Northern Ireland.（D）The new disclosures cast Harland & Wolff as responsible for the severity of the damage.8 On which of the following would McCarty least probably agree?（A）Shipbuilders ambition is the direct cause of the sad tale of Titanic.（B） Had the shipbuilder ordered No.4 bar, Tita
26、nic could have avoided such a tragedy.（C） The rivets had popped along the seams in Titanic after hitting an iceberg.（D）Harland and Wolff was faced with persistent rivet and riveter crisis.9 According to the text, the followings contribute to the wreck of Titanic except_.（A）the company didnt resort t
27、o steel rivets in Titanic（B） small forges employed by the company lacked good riveting skills（C） some material the company bought was not rivet quality（D）proficient riveters were far from suffice10 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）Scientists May Have Found Titanics Weak
28、 Link（B） In Weak Rivets, a Possible Key to Titanics Doom（C） The Riddle of Titanic（D）Harland and Wolff, Sinner of Titanic10 In the 20th century, all the nightmare-novels of the future imagined that books would be burnt. In the 21st century, our dystopias imagine a world where books are forgotten. To
29、pluck just one, Gary Steyngharts novel Super Sad True Love Story describes a world where everybody is obsessed with their electronic Apparatan even more omnivorous i-Phone with a flickering stream of shopping and reality shows and pornand have somehow come to believe that the few remaining unread pa
30、per books let off a rank smell. The book on the book, it suggests, is closing.The bookthe physical paper bookis being circled by a shoal of sharks, with sales down 9 per cent this year alone. Its being chewed by the e-book. Its being gored by the death of the bookshop and the library. And most impor
31、tantly, the mental space it occupied is being eroded by the thousand Weapons of Mass Distraction that surround us all. Its hard to admit, but we all sense it: it is becoming almost physically harder to read books.In his gorgeous little book The Lost Art of ReadingWhy Books Matter in a Distracted Tim
32、e, the critic David Ulin admits to a strange feeling. All his life, he had taken reading as for granted as eatingbut then, a few years ago, he “became aware, in an apartment full of books, that I could no longer find within myself the quiet necessary to read“ . He would sit down to do it at night, a
33、s he always had, and read a few paragraphs, then find his mind was wandering, imploring him to check his email, or Twitter, or Facebook. “What Im struggling with,“ he writes, “is the encroachment of the buzz, the sense that theres something out there that merits my attention.“I think most of us have
34、 this sense today, if we are honest. If you read a book with your laptop thrumming on the other side of the room, it can be like trying to read in the middle of a party, where everyone is shouting to each other. To read, you need to slow down. You need mental silence except for the words. Thats gett
35、ing harder to find.No, dont misunderstand me. I adore the web, and they will have to wrench my Twitter feed from my cold dead hands. This isnt going to turn into an antedeluvian rant against the glories of our wired world. But theres a reason why that word “wired“ means both “connected to the intern
36、et“ and “high, frantic, unable to concentrate“.In the age of the internet, physical paper books are a technology we need more, not less. In the 1950s, the novelist Herman Hesse wrote: “The more the need for entertainment and mainstream education can be met by new inventions, the more the book will r
37、ecover its dignity and authority. We have not yet quite reached the point where young competitors, such as radio, cinema, etc, have taken over the functions from the book it cant afford to lose.“ We have now reached that point.11 By mentioning the work of Gary Steynghart, the author intends to_.（A）a
38、dvocate the idea that reading physical paper books is out of fashion（B） introduce a brand new electronic product even more omnivorous than i-phone（C） prove that books will be outweighed by reality shows and porn in the future（D）indicate that books are left out in fictions describing the future world
39、12 The most significant reason for the falling sales of paper books is that_.（A）electronic books are taking over more and more market share of paper books（B） people minds dont have the space for reading due to all kinds of temptation（C） bookstores are out of business as people prefer to borrowing bo
40、oks from the library（D）people think things on the Internet are more worthy of their attention13 According to Paragraph 3, we can infer that_.（A）people are inclined to take reading for granted（B） peoples minds are encroached by the Internet（C） its hard to concentrate on reading nowadays（D）David Ulins
41、 book gives readers a strange feeling14 The explanation of the word “wired“ probably indicates that_.（A）people always misunderstand the functions of the Internet（B） Internet is partly responsible for the vanishing of paper books（C） people call the Internet “wired world“ for a reason（D）Internet will
42、take over the functions of paper books15 Which of the following will the author most probably agree on?（A）True readers can maintain reading in all kinds of environment, including noisy one.（B） The Internet should be strictly condemned for endangering physical paper books.（C） Physical paper books are
43、 facing extreme danger of being replaced by other things.（D）Reading books isnt in accordance with the increasing need for entertainment.15 Truth in advertising is a concept central to the American free market economic system. According to this theory, companies that advertise their products to mass
44、audiences must strictly deliver on their promises, and the quality of their goods must live up to the hype put out by the sellers. In order to examine just how important truthful advertising is, let us consider for a moment a world in which there was no such constraint imposed upon sellers. It would
45、 be a world where advertisers were free to exaggerate or even lie as they pleased, doing anything to make their products look great, even when its of inferior quality.Firstly, the unreliability of the goods in question would no doubt shatter consumer confidence. Wary buyers would shop much less, thu
46、s decreasing the volume of trade and leading to a weakened overall economy. Further, the market would find itself stagnating, the lack of growth attributable to the fact that everyone is reluctant to buy products of which they are uncertain. Without growth, no progress is achieved.Innovation on all
47、fronts would suffer as well. With consumers constantly on guard against getting ripped off, brand loyalty would be more important than ever. Buyers would simply stick with products that they know to be of good quality and be very hesitant to spend their money on “riskier“, unfamiliar ones. This woul
48、d make entry into the market by new sellers or producers almost impossible, even if their products were of better quality than existing ones, simply because no one would be willing to give them a try. With new players effectively barred from the game, were left with the same goods in the market, day
49、 after day, year after year.In the real world, however, truth in advertising allows American consumers to trust the boasts of producers. Thus, brand loyalty is less of an impenetrable barrier to entry. In order to enter into the market, new sellers or producers would simply have to create a better product and then announce the fact. Those who violate the principle of truth in advertising by making false claims of quality are punished on two fronts. The first is by the law and t
