1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 133 及答案与解析Part B (10 points) 0 Five Unfortunate Ways the Financial Crisis Affects Your Daily GrindBy now, youre probably up to your eyeballs in unsettling economic crisis news. The stock markets, tanked. Real estate value, sunk. But much less has been said about probably a more pressing
2、 concern to most workersyour job. Is it safe? How long will it be before you can expect to see a raise or bonus again?【R1】 _Unfortunately, the credit crisis has already begun affecting job growth. The unemployment rate has grown an entire percentage pointfrom 5.1 to 6.1between March and August. Furt
3、hermore, it is likely to get worse before it gets better. Goldman Sachs Group economists wrote in a report to clients yesterday that they expected unemployment to rise to seven percent in late 2009.【R2】 _At the outset of housing markets turmoil, most expected jobs in the banking, finance, constructi
4、on and real estate sectors to take a direct hit, as the problems started in those areas. However, now it is clear that the damage is likely to spread to other industries, including ones that who use credit to buy their goods or rely on new investments to move forward. In short, most of them.As for t
5、he IT department, David Foote, CEO at the IT workforce research consultancy, told Computerworld this week that he thinks more companies will be looking more closely at what parts of IT spending are critical, and some IT workers may be safer than others. But, overall, he finds little reason for techi
6、es to worry.【R3】 _Historically, most downturns have spared white collar and highly-skilled workers while hitting the least skilled the hardest. Yet observers believe that this downturn is likely to be more democratic than ones previously, because of the severity of the credit crunch.“Research indica
7、tes that employers hire relatively more skilled workers when they invest in new plant and equipment,“ Alan B. Krueger, an economist at Princeton, told the New York Times this week. “If funds for investment are not available because of the financial crisis, however, companies will hire fewer skilled
8、workers.“【R4】 _If youve just retired or were about to, sadly, your timing could not be worse as by beginning to withdraw from you nest egg just as the markets tumble, you are essentially locking in your losses. But what if the wheels of your retirement were already in motion? Experts say, as depress
9、ing as it sounds, working just a few years longer can make a big difference.“It does not have to be entirely unpleasant,“ writes New York Times columnist Tara Siegel Benard, “Maybe you could work part time and earn enough to cover the amount you would have drawn from your retirement portfolio. At le
10、ast you are not dipping into your savings while they are down.“【R5】 _The next logical question is, “Well, how long will this last?“ and while nobody agrees on an exact date, few have any confidence that it will be over by the holidays. Many argue that it will be at least 30 months long. Its not just
11、 economists and pundits. One reader poll in a business newspaper found the 54 percent of respondents consumers believed that the recession would last through the second half of 2009 and possibly as long as 2011.Word count: 535A. It looks like this downturn is in for the long haul.B. Skilled workers
12、might not be spared.C. The impact of economic downturn will be more severe.D. If you were going to retire soon, it will be a lot harder to.E. The damage is likely to spread to other sectors.F. It has already hurt job growth.G. IT workers enjoy a significant edge currently.1 【R1 】2 【R2 】3 【R3 】4 【R4
13、】5 【R5 】5 Leadership Through Challenging TimesStrong leadership is preferable within any economic climate, but it is clearly an essential quality in times of economic and commercial uncertainty. Leadership skills are highly prized within companies and organisations, as they can genuinely affect the
14、productivity, motivation and performance of employees, and thus add to the companys bottom line as a whole. Here are some tips on becoming a more effective leader.【R1】 _No person can expect to influence and earn the respect of others if they are not demonstrably in full control of their own professi
15、onal lives. This is not just about setting a good example to others, although that is important, but it is also the realisation that an effective leader should also lead themselves as an integral component of the company, rather than being a distant figure that simply delegates orders and workloads.
16、 It is only through being on top of your game that you can begin to start developing the tones, qualities and skills to inspire and motivate others.【R2】 _In a world of commercial uncertainty, calmness becomes a diminishing and therefore valuable resource. We have all been at positions within our car
17、eers where we have benefited from the cool-headed thinking of others, and great leaders tend to exude a confidence and calmness regardless of the turmoil around them. If you want to lead and motivate others, especially during tough commercial times, you must first establish a reputation for calm, cl
18、ear thinking yourself.【R3】 _To be a true leader amongst your colleagues, you must first develop a vision of the commercial future that you might ultimately communicate and lead them towards. Your vision must be as shrewd as it is coherent, as comprehensive as it is inclusive, and as achievable as it
19、 is far reaching. Look around you at people that you believe to be effective leaders, and you will find that they generally have a single-minded grasp of both the current situation and the desired outcomes of the future. This ability to perceive actions that will make a positive impact on your compa
20、nys future performance and achieve agreement amongst your colleagues to work towards shared goals is at the core of professional leadership.【R4】 _Particularly during times of commercial and economic pressure, an open mind and a flexibility of approach are key components of your leadership skills. Th
21、ere will be pressure to deliver results, although an open mind is a creative mind, and a creative, innovative approach may well pay dividends in todays challenging conditions. By keeping an open mind, and being encouraging towards your colleagues ideas, you will not only inspire them to innovate fur
22、ther, but you may well also find that a collaborative effort often yields the best results.【R5】 _Setting the boundaries of what you consider to be acceptable levels of performance amongst both your colleagues and yourself is key to effective leadership. In doing this, and doing it as early as possib
23、le, you should ensure clear guidance is laid down as to how you expect people to operate. It is also wise to be a realist, however, and to accept that there may be some things that you may wish to, but cannot change in the short term. But then that is what the mid and long term is for.Word count: 54
24、1A. Decide what you can and cant live with.B. Open peoples minds by being open minded.C. Calmness is a commodity.D. Create a vision that others can see.E. Start with yourself.F. Decide what is right and what is false.G. Share others vision.6 【R1 】7 【R2 】8 【R3 】9 【R4 】10 【R5 】10 Creating a Creative W
25、orkforcePlacing an emphasis on creativity within the workforce is one of the smartest things that you can do in any economic circumstance. Creativity leads to innovation, which in turn leads to increased performance, morale and dynamism. These elements are always essential to a successful business,
26、but they are of even greater value at times of economic uncertainty. Below are some tips on how to encourage your colleagues to make more creative decisions and inspired judgements.【R1】 _To enable truly creative solutions, you must first ensure that your team has a collectively open mind to the poss
27、ibilities that lay out there. All too often, teams can get trapped within current company mentalities, outlooks and culture, and this can impede innovative ideas from surfacing. Try and create a situation whereby existing thinking is placed on hold, by using a few games(word association is a popular
28、 choice)to free peoples minds up from their normal thinking patterns at the beginning of the session.【R2】 _Conventional offices are not natural places to inspire creativity, by virtue of the compartmentalised workspace and formal settings that they can provide. It can therefore be helpful to develop
29、 an environmenteither within the entire office or within a segment of it that is conducive to free thinking. In this way, you can psychologically remove your colleagues from their existing roles and get them to concentrate on less rigid, more creative solutions to your companys commercial challenges
30、.【R3】 _Creativity is the ability to approach any subject matter with fresh perspectives and create revolutionary ideas within it that did not exist before. At the beginning of your session, try to allow as many different voices within the team to be heard and do not dismiss any idea at this stage, n
31、o matter how ludicrous it may sound. Group creativity is based on trust, and people will need to be encouraged to let their minds roam around the creative challenge if genuine progress is to be made. There will be time to rationalise later, but always start from the basis that anything is indeed pos
32、sible.【R4】 _Being creative is a great attribute for any employee or team to possess, although it is fundamental that you direct the creative energies and ideas within the session towards real business goals. There is no point in nurturing creativity within your workplace unless it has the chance to
33、flex its muscle on legitimate business objectives, and the ability to put ideas into tangible commercial action is the sign of a dynamic company.【R5】 _As a general rule of thumb, people who tend to be effective on the creative side tend also to be less effective on the details that support the “big
34、idea“. Whilst you are developing the creativity within your team, it is also important to build an attention to reality and detail within the procedure. A great idea is nothing if it cannot practically be put into action, and the mechanics of the concept are every bit as important as the overall ide
35、a itself. A good mix of individual skills and process should allow the transition from concept to reality to be smooth.The creative process is, by definition, a positive and constructive act, and the establishment of an effective creative process within your company can lead to many benefits, both i
36、nternally and externally. Creative thinking may well add significantly to your companys bottom line, although it can be just as valuable a process in uniting and focusing a team towards business objectives that they had a part in creating. Mixing up people from different departments can also help th
37、e process, and allow your teams to integrate with each other in a way that may not have been possible before.Word count: 622A. Create a creative space.B. Keep an open mind.C. Anything is possible.D. Run a brainstorm session.E. Dont neglect the detail.F. Tie into your business goals.G. Unify the team
38、.11 【R1 】12 【R2 】13 【R3 】14 【R4 】15 【R5 】15 Dont Spend Half Your Work Day on Facebook and Then Brag About ItIf you spend too much time working in your business, you wont have enough time to work on your business. That is, if all you have done is create a job for yourself, thats a mistake. It is far
39、better, and smarter, to figure out how to free yourself up to be more entrepreneur, less worker. Heres how:【R1】 _Before the craziness of the day sets in, begin by looking at what is coming up and then prioritize it. Make a list and try to follow it. That way, instead of events controlling you, you c
40、ontrol them. You dont want to spend your days putting out fires.If you have a day planner, use it. If you use Outlook or a Blackberry instead, be sure to take advantage of their built-in organizational tools.【R2】 _There are so many time-saving productivity software tools out there that it is a mista
41、ke not to use and take advantage of them. Software makers spend an inordinate amount of effort on R time that could otherwise be spent growing your business. Yet with only a few tweaks, running your business could be easier, more enjoyable, and less stressful. And who couldnt use a little of that ri
42、ght now? Anything you can do to be more productive is a smart move.Word count: 504A. Mind yourself that dont be a slave to email.B. Buy and read books about how to manage business.C. You should plan your day at the start of each day.D. Getting your office organized will improve your working efficien
43、cy.E. Taking advantage of some right software could help you a lot.F. Youd better be in time to check your emails.G. You can delegate tasks to others instead of doing them yourself.16 【R1 】17 【R2 】18 【R3 】19 【R4 】20 【R5 】考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 133 答案与解析Part B (10 points) 【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 文章第一段问及读者的工作
44、职位在经济危机中稳定吗?以此激起读者的兴趣。而第二段第一句话就非常清楚地说：不幸的是，信用危机已经开始影响就业市场的成长(Unfortunately ，the credit crisis has already begun affecting job growth)。而后作者不仅引用具体失业率而且引用高盛经济学家报告中的内容来进行阐述。很明显本段在谈论就业问题，所以正确答案是 F。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 第三段叙述说，银行、金融、建筑和房产行业的职位受到重创(most expected jobs inthe banking，finance，construction
45、and real estate sectors)，然而，损害有可能蔓延到其他行业(thedamage is likely to spread to other industries)。第四段详细谈论了 IT 部门。该段内容提到 IT 因部门的不同而不同，一些 IT 员工要比其他人安全(some IT workers may be safer than others)，但总的来说，高科技专家没有多少理由担忧。整体来看，主要意思应该是损害可能蔓延到其他行业，所以选 E。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 第五段叙述道，历史上而言，经济下行，技术不熟练之人受冲击最大，而白领和高技术工
46、人则免受冲击。然而，观察家认为，由于信用危机的严重性，本次经济下行可能比以往更加平等待人(即：白领、高技术工人、技术不熟练工人都一样)。第六段则是引用专家的话语对此加以佐证。所以选择 B。本题关键是抓住第六段的意思。不能想当然选 C，尽管选项 C 本身符合事实，但不是第五、第六段的意思。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 第七段谈及退休，说要是面临退休不如先暂避风头，最后又引用专家的话说：尽管经济形势不好，坚持多工作几年效果会有截然不同(as depressing as it sounds，working just a fewyears longer can make a bi
47、g difference)。第八段提议可以做兼职来避免动用积蓄，所以选 D。此题比较简单，因为只有选项 D 提及退休(retiring)，不妨把这个作为本题的切人点，这有利于树立信心。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 文章最后一段讨论的是此次经济下行持续时间的长短。因为第一句话就提出：这种状况能持续多长时间?(Well，how long will this last?)一些人认为至少 30 个月。接着又说，不仅是经济学家和权威人士，被调查的消费者也认为要持续到 2009 年下半年甚至 2011 年。所以选择 A。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 E【试题解
48、析】 第二段第一句说，唯有对自己的职业生涯牢牢掌控，才能影响和赢得别人的尊重。接着运用“not justbut” 这一句型说做到这一点的重要性；而后又说，只有自己身先士卒才能具备影响和激励他人的语气、品质和技巧(It is only through being on top of your game that you can beginto start developing the tonesqualities and skills to inspire and motivate others)。所以答案为选项 E，即：从自身做起。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 第三段第一
49、句就指出在商业前景不确定的世界，头脑冷静沉着是稀有而宝贵的资源(calmness becomes a diminishing and therefore valuable resource)。最后一句提到，你如果想要领导和激励别人，尤其是在商业艰难的时候，你自己必须首先有一个沉着、清晰思考的名声。在几个选项中，唯有选项 C 提到了calmness，而且是说：沉着冷静是宝(Calmness is a commodity)，所以选 C。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 第四段第一句话作者明确指出，要想成为同事中真正的领导，你必须首先有一个有关商业未来的前景，这个前景是你最终可以交流和领导他们向之前进的(you must first develop avision of the commercial future that you might ultimately communicate and lead them towards )。接下来说这个前景应该是什么样的，所以选择 D，即：为其他员工描绘他们可以看得见的前景。
